Rescher 1967 discusses the pros and cons of having hybrid truth-values vis-à-vis triviality and t... more Rescher 1967 discusses the pros and cons of having hybrid truth-values vis-à-vis triviality and the loss or gain of tautologies and antilogies. We argue that hybrid truth-values are not an option for systems within the scope of the hexagon of oppositions, and try to clarify certain issues of many-valued logics, such as the basic distinction between half-truths and teratologies.
This is my PhD dissertation about Logical Pluralism.
It is written in Portuguese supplemented wi... more This is my PhD dissertation about Logical Pluralism.
It is written in Portuguese supplemented with retrospects of the Chapters in English.
Note: for an updated and revised version of this work, see my PhD dissertation, which contains re... more Note: for an updated and revised version of this work, see my PhD dissertation, which contains retrospects in English at the end of some chapters.
We explore the evolution of Logic in the West in terms of paradigm-shifts. Here we propose that paradigms themselves should be understood by the kind of debates in which researchers engage, to wit, by the exemplary questions they choose to investigate or exemplary distinctions they use during a certain era. Some distinctions are crucial for theoretical construction, but are not represented in the theories they underline, or even remain inaccessible for a long time. Paradigm shifts coincide with the introduction of new distinctions that allow researchers to access the other crucial distinctions that had not been accessed previously: this movement occurs as a consequence of production conditions on the research, which includes the effort to solve operational problems accrued against one paradigm. Here, we propose that the prevalence of logical pluralism is the result of such process. Paradigm-shifts involve the non-accumulativeness and incommensurability issues: here we focus the former, whilst the latter will be examined in another work.
Trazemos no presente, de maneira sumular e quiçá provisória, os resultados de uma polêmica entre ... more Trazemos no presente, de maneira sumular e quiçá provisória, os resultados de uma polêmica entre Jan Łukasiewicz e Stephen Read, acerca dos chamados termos vazios, que relacionam aspectos da silogística e da metafísica aristotélicas, aduzindo-lhes nossos comentários e hipóteses explicativas, na verdade meta-hipóteses sobre suas hipóteses objetos, dentro da perspectiva da filosofia da lógica. Duas leituras possíveis, mas conflitantes, revelam-se, todavia, adequadas e justificadas nos seus respectivos escopos.
Slides of my presentation, mostly in English, a compressed version of my work 'Questions de Valeu... more Slides of my presentation, mostly in English, a compressed version of my work 'Questions de Valeur et de Concept', which you can read below.
This excerpt did not enter the other paper "Questions de Valeur et de Concept", but it will be pa... more This excerpt did not enter the other paper "Questions de Valeur et de Concept", but it will be part of the introduction of another paper on many-valued first order logic. It explains the origin of quantifiers and why they are in principle infinite, even in the case of two values only.
We examine the problem of the loss of tautologies in many-valued logics together with the pertine... more We examine the problem of the loss of tautologies in many-valued logics together with the pertinent philosophical issues. The notion of conservative implication is introduced and the concept of tautology revised and relativised.
Inspired by Tarski’s works, in the late 1970’s Priest proposed a new technique to build a hierarc... more Inspired by Tarski’s works, in the late 1970’s Priest proposed a new technique to build a hierarchy of logics, which he considered a re-foundation of normal modal logic. By a brief retrospective of the questions of both modal and many-valued logics, we argue that his proposal deeply diverges from what Lewis had in mind and yields an entirely different and non-modal logic. We treat normal modal logics as infinite-valued logics and suggest that their finite-valued extensions are simpler and more promising alternatives to the Priest’s re-foundation, like Béziau’s basic logics.
The study of logic comprises the elaboration of both doctrinal and instrumental elements. Here we... more The study of logic comprises the elaboration of both doctrinal and instrumental elements. Here we argue that the instrumental part does not substitute for good philosophy, but rather requires a philosophically conscious usage. When instrumentals respect their philosophical bases, they are safe means for research, but when they do not, they can yield any results. From this standpoint, we examine the case of Suszko’s claims, based on a problematic kind of ‘logical reduction’ that renders questionable results. At the end, we show, by simpler means, that Łukasiewicz' three-valued logic and fuzzy logic (infinite-valued) are T-equivalents (Gehrke & Walkers’ theorem), a result against Suszko’s specific conjectures.
In the recent philosophical literature the label 'grounding' has been used to designate a very pa... more In the recent philosophical literature the label 'grounding' has been used to designate a very particular kind of explanation, the characteristics of which are subject to a mosaic of intense debates. The present work investigates the possibility of treating the notion of grounding as a set of different logical operators, according to a suggestion by Kit Fine. Rather than providing an exhaustive account of all issues, here the focus is on whether there are already some logical operators that correspond to Fine's grounding operators. The suspicion that at least two of them are pseudo-T-norms is checked.
In the following, we discuss whether binding theory in generative grammar provided good and falsi... more In the following, we discuss whether binding theory in generative grammar provided good and falsifiable hypotheses for the facts it aimed to explain. The main underlying issue is the confusion between natural language statements being true and being well formed. In our analyses, we consider the theories of Universal Grammar as metalanguages for natural languages.
A lecture delivered at the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy, on the occasion of the International ... more A lecture delivered at the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy, on the occasion of the International Day of Logic (January the 14th, 2019).
Rescher 1967 discusses the pros and cons of having hybrid truth-values vis-à-vis triviality and t... more Rescher 1967 discusses the pros and cons of having hybrid truth-values vis-à-vis triviality and the loss or gain of tautologies and antilogies. We argue that hybrid truth-values are not an option for systems within the scope of the hexagon of oppositions, and try to clarify certain issues of many-valued logics, such as the basic distinction between half-truths and teratologies.
This is my PhD dissertation about Logical Pluralism.
It is written in Portuguese supplemented wi... more This is my PhD dissertation about Logical Pluralism.
It is written in Portuguese supplemented with retrospects of the Chapters in English.
Note: for an updated and revised version of this work, see my PhD dissertation, which contains re... more Note: for an updated and revised version of this work, see my PhD dissertation, which contains retrospects in English at the end of some chapters.
We explore the evolution of Logic in the West in terms of paradigm-shifts. Here we propose that paradigms themselves should be understood by the kind of debates in which researchers engage, to wit, by the exemplary questions they choose to investigate or exemplary distinctions they use during a certain era. Some distinctions are crucial for theoretical construction, but are not represented in the theories they underline, or even remain inaccessible for a long time. Paradigm shifts coincide with the introduction of new distinctions that allow researchers to access the other crucial distinctions that had not been accessed previously: this movement occurs as a consequence of production conditions on the research, which includes the effort to solve operational problems accrued against one paradigm. Here, we propose that the prevalence of logical pluralism is the result of such process. Paradigm-shifts involve the non-accumulativeness and incommensurability issues: here we focus the former, whilst the latter will be examined in another work.
Trazemos no presente, de maneira sumular e quiçá provisória, os resultados de uma polêmica entre ... more Trazemos no presente, de maneira sumular e quiçá provisória, os resultados de uma polêmica entre Jan Łukasiewicz e Stephen Read, acerca dos chamados termos vazios, que relacionam aspectos da silogística e da metafísica aristotélicas, aduzindo-lhes nossos comentários e hipóteses explicativas, na verdade meta-hipóteses sobre suas hipóteses objetos, dentro da perspectiva da filosofia da lógica. Duas leituras possíveis, mas conflitantes, revelam-se, todavia, adequadas e justificadas nos seus respectivos escopos.
Slides of my presentation, mostly in English, a compressed version of my work 'Questions de Valeu... more Slides of my presentation, mostly in English, a compressed version of my work 'Questions de Valeur et de Concept', which you can read below.
This excerpt did not enter the other paper "Questions de Valeur et de Concept", but it will be pa... more This excerpt did not enter the other paper "Questions de Valeur et de Concept", but it will be part of the introduction of another paper on many-valued first order logic. It explains the origin of quantifiers and why they are in principle infinite, even in the case of two values only.
We examine the problem of the loss of tautologies in many-valued logics together with the pertine... more We examine the problem of the loss of tautologies in many-valued logics together with the pertinent philosophical issues. The notion of conservative implication is introduced and the concept of tautology revised and relativised.
Inspired by Tarski’s works, in the late 1970’s Priest proposed a new technique to build a hierarc... more Inspired by Tarski’s works, in the late 1970’s Priest proposed a new technique to build a hierarchy of logics, which he considered a re-foundation of normal modal logic. By a brief retrospective of the questions of both modal and many-valued logics, we argue that his proposal deeply diverges from what Lewis had in mind and yields an entirely different and non-modal logic. We treat normal modal logics as infinite-valued logics and suggest that their finite-valued extensions are simpler and more promising alternatives to the Priest’s re-foundation, like Béziau’s basic logics.
The study of logic comprises the elaboration of both doctrinal and instrumental elements. Here we... more The study of logic comprises the elaboration of both doctrinal and instrumental elements. Here we argue that the instrumental part does not substitute for good philosophy, but rather requires a philosophically conscious usage. When instrumentals respect their philosophical bases, they are safe means for research, but when they do not, they can yield any results. From this standpoint, we examine the case of Suszko’s claims, based on a problematic kind of ‘logical reduction’ that renders questionable results. At the end, we show, by simpler means, that Łukasiewicz' three-valued logic and fuzzy logic (infinite-valued) are T-equivalents (Gehrke & Walkers’ theorem), a result against Suszko’s specific conjectures.
In the recent philosophical literature the label 'grounding' has been used to designate a very pa... more In the recent philosophical literature the label 'grounding' has been used to designate a very particular kind of explanation, the characteristics of which are subject to a mosaic of intense debates. The present work investigates the possibility of treating the notion of grounding as a set of different logical operators, according to a suggestion by Kit Fine. Rather than providing an exhaustive account of all issues, here the focus is on whether there are already some logical operators that correspond to Fine's grounding operators. The suspicion that at least two of them are pseudo-T-norms is checked.
In the following, we discuss whether binding theory in generative grammar provided good and falsi... more In the following, we discuss whether binding theory in generative grammar provided good and falsifiable hypotheses for the facts it aimed to explain. The main underlying issue is the confusion between natural language statements being true and being well formed. In our analyses, we consider the theories of Universal Grammar as metalanguages for natural languages.
A lecture delivered at the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy, on the occasion of the International ... more A lecture delivered at the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy, on the occasion of the International Day of Logic (January the 14th, 2019).
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Papers by Tony Marmo
It is written in Portuguese supplemented with retrospects of the Chapters in English.
We explore the evolution of Logic in the West in terms of paradigm-shifts. Here we propose that paradigms themselves should be understood by the kind of debates in which researchers engage, to wit, by the exemplary questions they choose to investigate or exemplary distinctions they use during a certain era. Some distinctions are crucial for theoretical construction, but are not represented in the theories they underline, or even remain inaccessible for a long time. Paradigm shifts coincide with the introduction of new distinctions that allow researchers to access the other crucial distinctions that had not been accessed previously: this movement occurs as a consequence of production conditions on the research, which includes the effort to solve operational problems accrued against one paradigm. Here, we propose that the prevalence of logical pluralism is the result of such process. Paradigm-shifts involve the non-accumulativeness and incommensurability issues: here we focus the former, whilst the latter will be examined in another work.
Drafts by Tony Marmo
It is written in Portuguese supplemented with retrospects of the Chapters in English.
We explore the evolution of Logic in the West in terms of paradigm-shifts. Here we propose that paradigms themselves should be understood by the kind of debates in which researchers engage, to wit, by the exemplary questions they choose to investigate or exemplary distinctions they use during a certain era. Some distinctions are crucial for theoretical construction, but are not represented in the theories they underline, or even remain inaccessible for a long time. Paradigm shifts coincide with the introduction of new distinctions that allow researchers to access the other crucial distinctions that had not been accessed previously: this movement occurs as a consequence of production conditions on the research, which includes the effort to solve operational problems accrued against one paradigm. Here, we propose that the prevalence of logical pluralism is the result of such process. Paradigm-shifts involve the non-accumulativeness and incommensurability issues: here we focus the former, whilst the latter will be examined in another work.