Different patterns of high density EEG activity were elicited by the same peripheral stimuli, in ... more Different patterns of high density EEG activity were elicited by the same peripheral stimuli, in the context of Landmark Cueing and Perceptual Discrimination tasks. The C1 component of the visual event-related potential (ERP) at parietal - occipital electrode sites was larger in the Landmark Cueing task, and source localisation suggested greater activation in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in this task, compared to the Perceptual Discrimination task, indicating stronger early recruitment of the dorsal visual stream. In the Perceptual Discrimination task, source localisation suggested widespread activation of the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and fusiform gyrus (FFG), structures associated with the ventral visual stream, during the early phase of the P1 ERP component. Moreover, during a later epoch (171-270ms after stimulus onset) increased temporal-occipital negativity, and stronger recruitment of ITG and FFG were observed in the Perceptual Discrimination task. These findings il...
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2017
To what extent are shifts of attention driven by encoding of visual-spatial landmarks, associated... more To what extent are shifts of attention driven by encoding of visual-spatial landmarks, associated with useful locations, or by encoding of environmental cues that act as symbolic representations, providing information about where to look next? In Experiment 1 we found that when cues were presented with a long exposure time (300ms) attention shifts were driven by the symbolic identity of cue stimuli, independently of their visual-spatial (landmark) features; but when cues were exposed very briefly, (66ms), attention shifts were independent of symbolic information, and were driven instead by visual landmark features. This unexpected finding was interpreted in terms of the transient and sustained response characteristics of the M-cell and P-cell inputs to the dorsal and ventral visual streams, respectively, and informed our theoretical proposal that attentional effects elicited by visualspatial landmarks may be driven by dorsal stream ('where pathway') encoding; while attentional effects driven by the symbolic identity of cues may be driven by ventral stream ('what pathway') encoding. Detailed predictions derived from this proposal, and based on distinct physiological properties of the two visual streams were tested and confirmed in Experiments 2-6. Our results suggest that a two-process view of attention shifting can be integrated with dual-stream models of vision. According to this unified theory: (1) Landmarks associated with visually useful locations elicit rapid, non-conscious shifts of attention, via non-semantic, dorsal visual stream encoding of their features and spatial relationships; (2) Slower, endogenous shifts of attention are elicited by ventral visual stream encoding of symbolic-semantic information.
Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision... more Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision; but the association between accident risk and vision as conventionally assessed, is weak or absent. We addressed this conundrum by embracing the distinction inspired by neuroscientific research, between vision for perception and vision for action. A dual-process perspective predicts that accident vulnerability will be associated more strongly with vision for action than vision for perception. Older and younger adults, with relatively high and relatively low self-reported accident vulnerability (Accident Proneness Questionnaire), completed three behavioural assessments targeting: vision for perception (Freiburg Visual Acuity Test); vision for action (Vision for Action Test - VAT); and the ability to perform physical actions involving balance, walking and standing (Short Physical Performance Battery). Accident vulnerability was not associated with visual acuity or with performance of phy...
Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision... more Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision, but the association between accident risk and vision as conventionally assessed is weak or absent. We addressed this conundrum by embracing the distinction inspired by neuroscientific research, between vision for perception and vision for action. A dual-process perspective predicts that accident vulnerability will be associated more strongly with vision for action than vision for perception. In this preliminary investigation, older and younger adults, with relatively high and relatively low self-reported accident vulnerability (Accident Proneness Questionnaire), completed three behavioural assessments targeting vision for perception (Freiburg Visual Acuity Test); vision for action (Vision for Action Test—VAT); and the ability to perform physical actions involving balance, walking and standing (Short Physical Performance Battery). Accident vulnerability was not associated with visual ac...
Every day we are faced with an overwhelming influx of visual information. Visual attention acts a... more Every day we are faced with an overwhelming influx of visual information. Visual attention acts as the filtering mechanism that enables us to focus our limited neural resources, by selectively processing only the most relevant and/or salient aspects of our visual environment. The ability to shift attention to the most behaviorally relevant items enables us to successfully navigate and interact with our surroundings. The dorsal visual stream is important for the rapid and efficient visuospatial orienting of attention. Unfortunately, recent evidence suggests that the dorsal visual stream may be especially vulnerable to age-related decline, with significant deterioration becoming evident quite early in the aging process. Yet, despite the significant age-related declines to the dorsal visual stream, the visuospatial orienting of attention appears relatively well preserved in older adults, at least in the early stages of aging. The maintenance of visuospatial orienting of attention in ol...
Humans have an ability to rapidly detect emotive stimuli. However, many emotional objects in a sc... more Humans have an ability to rapidly detect emotive stimuli. However, many emotional objects in a scene are also highly visually salient, which raises the question of how dependent the effects of emotionality are on visual saliency and whether the presence of an emotional object changes the power of a more visually salient object in attracting attention. Participants were shown a set of positive, negative, and neutral pictures and completed recall and recognition memory tests. Eye movement data revealed that visual saliency does influence eye movements, but the effect is reliably reduced when an emotional object is present. Pictures containing negative objects were recognized more accurately and recalled in greater detail, and participants fixated more on negative objects than positive or neutral ones. Initial fixations were more likely to be on emotional objects than more visually salient neutral ones, suggesting that the processing of emotional features occurs at a very early stage o...
Auditory and visual imagery were studied in a sample of 128 participants, including 34 self-repor... more Auditory and visual imagery were studied in a sample of 128 participants, including 34 self-reported aphantasics. Auditory imagery (Bucknell Auditory Imagery Scale-Vividness, BAIS-V) and visual imagery (Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire-Modified, VVIQ-M) were strongly associated, Spearman's rho = 0.83: Most self-reported aphantasics also reported weak or entirely absent auditory imagery; and participants lacking auditory imagery tended to be aphantasic. Similarly, vivid visual imagery tended to co-occur with vivid auditory imagery. Nevertheless, the aphantasic group included one individual with typical auditory imagery; and the group lacking auditory imagery (N = 29) included one individual with typical visual imagery. Hence, weak visual and auditory imagery can dissociate, albeit with low apparent incidence. Auditory representations and auditory imagery are thought to play a key role in a wide range of psychological domains, including working memory and memory rehearsal...
" Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind in clear... more " Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from ...
Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 139-152 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 2. Ev... more Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 139-152 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 2. Evidence from Normal Subjects ANTHONY J. LAMBERT University of Durharn Evidence gained from studies of neurologically ...
Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 77-94 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 1. Clin... more Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 77-94 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 1. Clinical Evidence ANTHONY J. LAMBERT University of Leicester Evidence from a variety of clinical sources concerning the nature ...
Different patterns of high density EEG activity were elicited by the same peripheral stimuli, in ... more Different patterns of high density EEG activity were elicited by the same peripheral stimuli, in the context of Landmark Cueing and Perceptual Discrimination tasks. The C1 component of the visual event-related potential (ERP) at parietal - occipital electrode sites was larger in the Landmark Cueing task, and source localisation suggested greater activation in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in this task, compared to the Perceptual Discrimination task, indicating stronger early recruitment of the dorsal visual stream. In the Perceptual Discrimination task, source localisation suggested widespread activation of the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and fusiform gyrus (FFG), structures associated with the ventral visual stream, during the early phase of the P1 ERP component. Moreover, during a later epoch (171-270ms after stimulus onset) increased temporal-occipital negativity, and stronger recruitment of ITG and FFG were observed in the Perceptual Discrimination task. These findings il...
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2017
To what extent are shifts of attention driven by encoding of visual-spatial landmarks, associated... more To what extent are shifts of attention driven by encoding of visual-spatial landmarks, associated with useful locations, or by encoding of environmental cues that act as symbolic representations, providing information about where to look next? In Experiment 1 we found that when cues were presented with a long exposure time (300ms) attention shifts were driven by the symbolic identity of cue stimuli, independently of their visual-spatial (landmark) features; but when cues were exposed very briefly, (66ms), attention shifts were independent of symbolic information, and were driven instead by visual landmark features. This unexpected finding was interpreted in terms of the transient and sustained response characteristics of the M-cell and P-cell inputs to the dorsal and ventral visual streams, respectively, and informed our theoretical proposal that attentional effects elicited by visualspatial landmarks may be driven by dorsal stream ('where pathway') encoding; while attentional effects driven by the symbolic identity of cues may be driven by ventral stream ('what pathway') encoding. Detailed predictions derived from this proposal, and based on distinct physiological properties of the two visual streams were tested and confirmed in Experiments 2-6. Our results suggest that a two-process view of attention shifting can be integrated with dual-stream models of vision. According to this unified theory: (1) Landmarks associated with visually useful locations elicit rapid, non-conscious shifts of attention, via non-semantic, dorsal visual stream encoding of their features and spatial relationships; (2) Slower, endogenous shifts of attention are elicited by ventral visual stream encoding of symbolic-semantic information.
Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision... more Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision; but the association between accident risk and vision as conventionally assessed, is weak or absent. We addressed this conundrum by embracing the distinction inspired by neuroscientific research, between vision for perception and vision for action. A dual-process perspective predicts that accident vulnerability will be associated more strongly with vision for action than vision for perception. Older and younger adults, with relatively high and relatively low self-reported accident vulnerability (Accident Proneness Questionnaire), completed three behavioural assessments targeting: vision for perception (Freiburg Visual Acuity Test); vision for action (Vision for Action Test - VAT); and the ability to perform physical actions involving balance, walking and standing (Short Physical Performance Battery). Accident vulnerability was not associated with visual acuity or with performance of phy...
Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision... more Many accidents, such as those involving collisions or trips, appear to involve failures of vision, but the association between accident risk and vision as conventionally assessed is weak or absent. We addressed this conundrum by embracing the distinction inspired by neuroscientific research, between vision for perception and vision for action. A dual-process perspective predicts that accident vulnerability will be associated more strongly with vision for action than vision for perception. In this preliminary investigation, older and younger adults, with relatively high and relatively low self-reported accident vulnerability (Accident Proneness Questionnaire), completed three behavioural assessments targeting vision for perception (Freiburg Visual Acuity Test); vision for action (Vision for Action Test—VAT); and the ability to perform physical actions involving balance, walking and standing (Short Physical Performance Battery). Accident vulnerability was not associated with visual ac...
Every day we are faced with an overwhelming influx of visual information. Visual attention acts a... more Every day we are faced with an overwhelming influx of visual information. Visual attention acts as the filtering mechanism that enables us to focus our limited neural resources, by selectively processing only the most relevant and/or salient aspects of our visual environment. The ability to shift attention to the most behaviorally relevant items enables us to successfully navigate and interact with our surroundings. The dorsal visual stream is important for the rapid and efficient visuospatial orienting of attention. Unfortunately, recent evidence suggests that the dorsal visual stream may be especially vulnerable to age-related decline, with significant deterioration becoming evident quite early in the aging process. Yet, despite the significant age-related declines to the dorsal visual stream, the visuospatial orienting of attention appears relatively well preserved in older adults, at least in the early stages of aging. The maintenance of visuospatial orienting of attention in ol...
Humans have an ability to rapidly detect emotive stimuli. However, many emotional objects in a sc... more Humans have an ability to rapidly detect emotive stimuli. However, many emotional objects in a scene are also highly visually salient, which raises the question of how dependent the effects of emotionality are on visual saliency and whether the presence of an emotional object changes the power of a more visually salient object in attracting attention. Participants were shown a set of positive, negative, and neutral pictures and completed recall and recognition memory tests. Eye movement data revealed that visual saliency does influence eye movements, but the effect is reliably reduced when an emotional object is present. Pictures containing negative objects were recognized more accurately and recalled in greater detail, and participants fixated more on negative objects than positive or neutral ones. Initial fixations were more likely to be on emotional objects than more visually salient neutral ones, suggesting that the processing of emotional features occurs at a very early stage o...
Auditory and visual imagery were studied in a sample of 128 participants, including 34 self-repor... more Auditory and visual imagery were studied in a sample of 128 participants, including 34 self-reported aphantasics. Auditory imagery (Bucknell Auditory Imagery Scale-Vividness, BAIS-V) and visual imagery (Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire-Modified, VVIQ-M) were strongly associated, Spearman's rho = 0.83: Most self-reported aphantasics also reported weak or entirely absent auditory imagery; and participants lacking auditory imagery tended to be aphantasic. Similarly, vivid visual imagery tended to co-occur with vivid auditory imagery. Nevertheless, the aphantasic group included one individual with typical auditory imagery; and the group lacking auditory imagery (N = 29) included one individual with typical visual imagery. Hence, weak visual and auditory imagery can dissociate, albeit with low apparent incidence. Auditory representations and auditory imagery are thought to play a key role in a wide range of psychological domains, including working memory and memory rehearsal...
" Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind in clear... more " Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from ...
Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 139-152 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 2. Ev... more Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 139-152 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 2. Evidence from Normal Subjects ANTHONY J. LAMBERT University of Durharn Evidence gained from studies of neurologically ...
Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 77-94 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 1. Clin... more Page 1. Current Psychological Reviews (1982), 2, 77-94 Right Hemisphere Language Ability: 1. Clinical Evidence ANTHONY J. LAMBERT University of Leicester Evidence from a variety of clinical sources concerning the nature ...
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