The Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (FPXRF) analyser is a portable analytical instrument for de... more The Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (FPXRF) analyser is a portable analytical instrument for determining metal and metalloid concentrations in soils and other media (e.g. paint, alloys); producing a display of the 'total' metal and metalloid concentrations (Fig.
Current UK guidance suggests that a 'rootable' soil profile of at least 1.0 m depth should be suf... more Current UK guidance suggests that a 'rootable' soil profile of at least 1.0 m depth should be sufficient to allow adequate rooting of the majority of species in a range of soil types and climatic conditions (Moffat, 1995). However, there is some uncertainty as to what constitutes a loosened soil profile in terms of penetration resistance. In this study the root development of Italian alder, Japanese larch, Corsican pine and birch was assessed after five years of tree growth. These data were compared to penetration resistance measured using both a cone penetrometer and a 'lifting driving tool' (dropping weight penetrometer). Tree root number and percentage were significantly reduced by increasing soil penetration resistance measured with both the cone penetrometer (P<0.050) and the 'lifting driving tool' (P=0.011 and P=0.008 respectively). The vast majority of roots were recorded in soils with a penetration resistance of less than 3 MPa (90.7 %) with a significant amount in the less than 2 MPa class (70.2 %). Root development of Italian alder, Japanese larch and birch all showed a similar pattern, but Corsican pine appeared to be capable of rooting into more compact soils. The 'lifting driving tool' can be used as an alternative measure of soil penetration resistance. This equipment is more cost effective, easier to use and capable of measurements at a greater depth than the cone penetrometer. The majority of Japanese larch and birch roots (84.3 %) were recorded in soils where it took less than 15 impacts to penetrate one 10 cm soil depth increment. The modelled data also suggests that a penetration resistance of 2 and 2.5 MPa relates to 10 and 15 impacts respectively.
urban forest inventory Four i-Tree studies have been conducted in the UK by the authors: in Torba... more urban forest inventory Four i-Tree studies have been conducted in the UK by the authors: in Torbay (Rogers et al., 2011a), Wrexham (Rumble et al., unpublished a), Glasgow (Rumble et al. unpublished b) and Edinburgh (Hutchings et al., 2012) between 2010 and 2013. These studies have shown trees to be an important asset in urban areas, providing a range of ecosystem services.
• S. viminalis and E. nitens grown in CLO at 5 different nitrogen application rates. • Optimum ap... more • S. viminalis and E. nitens grown in CLO at 5 different nitrogen application rates. • Optimum application rate of CLO was 3000 kg N/Ha for each species. • Excess heavy metal concentrations in weekly leachate at higher application rates. • Excess nitrate and ammonium in leachate at lower application rates. • Heavy metal accumulation in root material, some translocation to leaf material.
Although there is considerable uncertainty in predicting future impacts of climate change, there ... more Although there is considerable uncertainty in predicting future impacts of climate change, there is global and national evidence that suggests that the UK will be subjected to warmer and wetter winters, hotter and drier summers, rising air temperatures, increased storminess and heavier rainfall. The potential impact of these factors on the risk assessment, design of future remediation systems and management of current and future contaminated sites is likely to be significant. The work presented in this paper forms part of multi-institutional multidisciplinary UK-based research consortium with the aim of producing integrated and sustainable solutions for the development of brownfield land in urban areas in order to promote better quality of life and economic growth in the UK. It concentrates on the impact of climate change on contaminated land and pollutant linkages and examines technical evidence of the impact of climate change, using both experimental investigations and numerical modelling, and addresses technical adaptation issues and stakeholder perspectives and adaptation.
Urban ecosystems are increasingly being recognised as significant ecological resources. An indepe... more Urban ecosystems are increasingly being recognised as significant ecological resources. An independent review of the habitats and species coverage of characteristically urban environments concluded that there was a strong case for two new priority habitats to be incorporated into the UKBAP (UK Biodiversity Action Plan) as 'Open and mosaic habitats on previously developed land (OMHoPDL)', and 'Calaminarian Grasslands' (Biodiversity Reporting and Information Group, 2007; Tucker et al., 2005).
subr:im bulletin CL:AIRE's SUBR:IM bulletins present practical outcomes of research by the SUBR:I... more subr:im bulletin CL:AIRE's SUBR:IM bulletins present practical outcomes of research by the SUBR:IM consortium which have direct application to the brownfield and contaminated land communities. This bulletin considers the use of compost in brownfield projects.
Brownfields III: Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites, 2006
Modern planning policies recognise that the provision of green space such as parkland and communi... more Modern planning policies recognise that the provision of green space such as parkland and community woodland offer multifunctional environmental and social benefits which can contribute strongly to the sustainability of towns and cities. A challenge to such development is that the soils of many former industrial sites often contain elevated concentrations of contaminants including potentially toxic elements, for example metals. The bioavailability of metals can be reduced in the contaminated soil prior to greenspace establishment, thus reducing their risk to ecosystems and human health. For the establishment of a safe greenspace in the perspective of the contaminant receptor pathway linkage an understanding of the uptake, compartmentation and toxicological effects of these contaminants to vegetation is important. We have collated data from hydroponic and contaminated soil pot trials and from field trials on contaminated sites. The data have been used to produce correlations between heavy metal availability, plant uptake and compartmentation of the heavy metals for poplar Fritzi Pauley. From the correlations, models for plant uptake are provided with an assessment on the impact of improved soil conditions and consequent improved plant performance and the metal uptake by these plants. This information may be used to assess the risk for receptors after potential greenspace establishment on heavy metal contaminated soil.
UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particul... more UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement.
Guidance and strategies for [soft] re-use of [brownfield] land [in Colombia] by transferring state of the art knowledge and successful implementation from the UK, EU and North America, and adapting it to the local situation as circumstances dictate
The Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (FPXRF) analyser is a portable analytical instrument for de... more The Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (FPXRF) analyser is a portable analytical instrument for determining metal and metalloid concentrations in soils and other media (e.g. paint, alloys); producing a display of the 'total' metal and metalloid concentrations (Fig.
Current UK guidance suggests that a 'rootable' soil profile of at least 1.0 m depth should be suf... more Current UK guidance suggests that a 'rootable' soil profile of at least 1.0 m depth should be sufficient to allow adequate rooting of the majority of species in a range of soil types and climatic conditions (Moffat, 1995). However, there is some uncertainty as to what constitutes a loosened soil profile in terms of penetration resistance. In this study the root development of Italian alder, Japanese larch, Corsican pine and birch was assessed after five years of tree growth. These data were compared to penetration resistance measured using both a cone penetrometer and a 'lifting driving tool' (dropping weight penetrometer). Tree root number and percentage were significantly reduced by increasing soil penetration resistance measured with both the cone penetrometer (P<0.050) and the 'lifting driving tool' (P=0.011 and P=0.008 respectively). The vast majority of roots were recorded in soils with a penetration resistance of less than 3 MPa (90.7 %) with a significant amount in the less than 2 MPa class (70.2 %). Root development of Italian alder, Japanese larch and birch all showed a similar pattern, but Corsican pine appeared to be capable of rooting into more compact soils. The 'lifting driving tool' can be used as an alternative measure of soil penetration resistance. This equipment is more cost effective, easier to use and capable of measurements at a greater depth than the cone penetrometer. The majority of Japanese larch and birch roots (84.3 %) were recorded in soils where it took less than 15 impacts to penetrate one 10 cm soil depth increment. The modelled data also suggests that a penetration resistance of 2 and 2.5 MPa relates to 10 and 15 impacts respectively.
urban forest inventory Four i-Tree studies have been conducted in the UK by the authors: in Torba... more urban forest inventory Four i-Tree studies have been conducted in the UK by the authors: in Torbay (Rogers et al., 2011a), Wrexham (Rumble et al., unpublished a), Glasgow (Rumble et al. unpublished b) and Edinburgh (Hutchings et al., 2012) between 2010 and 2013. These studies have shown trees to be an important asset in urban areas, providing a range of ecosystem services.
• S. viminalis and E. nitens grown in CLO at 5 different nitrogen application rates. • Optimum ap... more • S. viminalis and E. nitens grown in CLO at 5 different nitrogen application rates. • Optimum application rate of CLO was 3000 kg N/Ha for each species. • Excess heavy metal concentrations in weekly leachate at higher application rates. • Excess nitrate and ammonium in leachate at lower application rates. • Heavy metal accumulation in root material, some translocation to leaf material.
Although there is considerable uncertainty in predicting future impacts of climate change, there ... more Although there is considerable uncertainty in predicting future impacts of climate change, there is global and national evidence that suggests that the UK will be subjected to warmer and wetter winters, hotter and drier summers, rising air temperatures, increased storminess and heavier rainfall. The potential impact of these factors on the risk assessment, design of future remediation systems and management of current and future contaminated sites is likely to be significant. The work presented in this paper forms part of multi-institutional multidisciplinary UK-based research consortium with the aim of producing integrated and sustainable solutions for the development of brownfield land in urban areas in order to promote better quality of life and economic growth in the UK. It concentrates on the impact of climate change on contaminated land and pollutant linkages and examines technical evidence of the impact of climate change, using both experimental investigations and numerical modelling, and addresses technical adaptation issues and stakeholder perspectives and adaptation.
Urban ecosystems are increasingly being recognised as significant ecological resources. An indepe... more Urban ecosystems are increasingly being recognised as significant ecological resources. An independent review of the habitats and species coverage of characteristically urban environments concluded that there was a strong case for two new priority habitats to be incorporated into the UKBAP (UK Biodiversity Action Plan) as 'Open and mosaic habitats on previously developed land (OMHoPDL)', and 'Calaminarian Grasslands' (Biodiversity Reporting and Information Group, 2007; Tucker et al., 2005).
subr:im bulletin CL:AIRE's SUBR:IM bulletins present practical outcomes of research by the SUBR:I... more subr:im bulletin CL:AIRE's SUBR:IM bulletins present practical outcomes of research by the SUBR:IM consortium which have direct application to the brownfield and contaminated land communities. This bulletin considers the use of compost in brownfield projects.
Brownfields III: Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites, 2006
Modern planning policies recognise that the provision of green space such as parkland and communi... more Modern planning policies recognise that the provision of green space such as parkland and community woodland offer multifunctional environmental and social benefits which can contribute strongly to the sustainability of towns and cities. A challenge to such development is that the soils of many former industrial sites often contain elevated concentrations of contaminants including potentially toxic elements, for example metals. The bioavailability of metals can be reduced in the contaminated soil prior to greenspace establishment, thus reducing their risk to ecosystems and human health. For the establishment of a safe greenspace in the perspective of the contaminant receptor pathway linkage an understanding of the uptake, compartmentation and toxicological effects of these contaminants to vegetation is important. We have collated data from hydroponic and contaminated soil pot trials and from field trials on contaminated sites. The data have been used to produce correlations between heavy metal availability, plant uptake and compartmentation of the heavy metals for poplar Fritzi Pauley. From the correlations, models for plant uptake are provided with an assessment on the impact of improved soil conditions and consequent improved plant performance and the metal uptake by these plants. This information may be used to assess the risk for receptors after potential greenspace establishment on heavy metal contaminated soil.
UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particul... more UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement.
Guidance and strategies for [soft] re-use of [brownfield] land [in Colombia] by transferring state of the art knowledge and successful implementation from the UK, EU and North America, and adapting it to the local situation as circumstances dictate
Uploads
Papers by Tony Hutchings