This paper deals with the potential effects of the CAP pillar 1 on farm incomes and structural ch... more This paper deals with the potential effects of the CAP pillar 1 on farm incomes and structural changes. It uses a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model and a specific analysis on distributional effects. The effect of payments ceiling in the current CAP 2020 proposal with subtracting labour costs will bring only insignificant payment reduction for most farmers except large extensive beef breeders whose direct payments will drop by 13% on average. However, if the condition on labour costs is removed, capping will become effective, payments in some specialisations will drop to half and the production and employment will decline by 6% and 10%, respectively, compared to the current situation. It is showed that small farm measures could easily miss its goal if there is no possibility to adjust the threshold measure more respecting national conditions. Analogously, due to prevalence of large corporate farms on land it is very unlikely that the measure targeted on young farmers will ...
A mobilisation of research, knowledge transfer and innovation to deal with the current challenges... more A mobilisation of research, knowledge transfer and innovation to deal with the current challenges as raising world food demand while protecting natural resources is a priority area of the EU. The effective knowledge transfer and innovation activities in the agri-food supply chain may push all producers in the vertical to improve their competitiveness while saving resources. In the paper we examine the current level of innovation activities and knowledge transfer in milk processing industry in the Czech Republic, with a particular focus on the collaboration of firms with R&D organisations and other important agents, in order to assess the potential for enhancing sustainable dairy production. Most of the interviewed milk processors confirmed that sustainability objective did not rank high within firms’ strategies while it showed a great potential for innovations. It is apparent from the conducted interviews with stakeholders as well as from the statistics that the level of cooperation...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of microcredit on smallholder poultr... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of microcredit on smallholder poultry production and its subsequent role on domestic protein and food supply. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional farm-level data from 61 farmers with at least two years of microcredit access and 39 farmers without microcredit access in the Dormaa Municipality of Ghana collected in 2016 via semi-structured questionnaire were used. Using the propensity score matching, PSM, and data envelopment analyses approaches, the authors analysed the propensity of farmers’ taking microcredit and its effect on beneficiaries’ technical efficiency, productivity, profitability and domestic production of chicken and eggs, farm performance. The authors addressed selection biases with the PSM and answered the research question of whether farmers with microcredit access perform better than non-microcredit farmers. Findings Farmers with high years of education, farming experience, technology and machinery...
Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung-keine B... more Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung-keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Redistribution-no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, nontransferable, individual and limited right to using this document. This document is solely intended for your personal, noncommercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.
In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analys... more In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analysed based on the general equilibrium approach. The simulations consider a policy shock in 2014 and assess its impact until 2020. The results suggest that the changes in financing the second pillar CAP will produce only marginal effects on the economy. However, the reallocation of funds from the first to the second pillar has considerably larger negative effects on gross value added and employment in agriculture than the case of the second pillar budget reduction. On the other hand, the reallocation of funds will produce small but positive effects on the remaining sectors of the economy and the GDP. Research presented in this paper is the result of a research grant MSM 6046070906 "Economics of Czech agricultural resources and their efficient usage within the framework of multifunctional agri-food systems" and a Research Task of UZEI conducted for the Ministry of Agriculture TÚ 42...
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the e... more The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
EU financial perspective for 2014-2020 and the CAP. Impact of EU funds on the development of Pola... more EU financial perspective for 2014-2020 and the CAP. Impact of EU funds on the development of Poland. Evaluation of the impact of the CAP on the development of Poland and the situation of Polish agriculture. Analysis of the absorption of the CAP support in the programming period 2007-2013. Impact assessment of the EU "agricultural budget" for 2014-2020 on the financial situation of national agriculture and the entire Polish economy. Impact assessment of the EU "agricultural budget" for 2014-2020 on the financial situation of the Polish farms. The implications of multiannual financial framework in Hungary for the years 2014-2020. CAP's second pillar – some remarks from the Czech perspective.
In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analys... more In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analysed based on the general equilibrium approach. The simulations consider a policy shock in 2014 and assess its impact until 2020. The results suggest that the changes in financing the second pillar CAP will produce only marginal effects on the economy. However, the reallocation of funds from the first to the second pillar has considerably larger negative effects on gross value added and employment in agriculture than the case of the second pillar budget reduction. On the other hand, the reallocation of funds will produce small but positive effects on the remaining sectors of the economy and the GDP. Research presented in this paper is the result of a research grant MSM 6046070906 "Economics of Czech agricultural resources and their efficient usage within the framework of multifunctional agri-food systems" and a Research Task of UZEI conducted for the Ministry of Agriculture TÚ 42...
This synthesis report focuses on the evolution of agricultural market and trade policies in the C... more This synthesis report focuses on the evolution of agricultural market and trade policies in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) candidate countries in the period 1997 to 2001. The developments were crucially influenced by (OECD, 2000a): • the situation in world agricultural markets; • the overall macroeconomic development in the countries considered; • the prospective EU accession; • bringing domestic agricultural policy in line with the Uruguay Agreement on Agriculture (URAA). High 1997 agricultural prices on world commodity markets were followed by a marked depression in 1998. With the exemption of milk products this trend continued in 1999. Likewise the economic and financial crisis in Russia had a considerable impact on agricultural policies. It hit the regions´ exports resulting in a decline in industrial as well as agricultural output1. Thus, compared to the previous years most of the CEE candidate countries experienced a slow down or even negative rates of growth in their ...
Reducing food wastes attracts increasingly public attention in the context of global food securit... more Reducing food wastes attracts increasingly public attention in the context of global food security. Bakery products belong to food with relatively high level of wastes in Czech households. It has motived us to launch an explorative research to investigate reasons for such wastes. We have adopted several recent approaches to sustainability of consumption, i.e. product-service perspective, social practices approach combined with classical consumer behaviour analysis. In our investigation we analysed statistical household survey data, conducted online survey on bakery product wastes organised focus groups on social practices in purchasing and consuming bakery products and did several interviews with bakery processors. Our research indicates that bakery products wastes are rather low in contrast to the presumption. This is likely due to the different understanding of wastes in various surveys. We found that price is less important in decision on purchasing bakery products than it is gen...
The paper studies the impact of a market information system on the marketing decisions of citrus ... more The paper studies the impact of a market information system on the marketing decisions of citrus farmers in the Lattakia region. Agriculture there is focused largely on the production of citruses, which have for many years provided more substantial incomes for farmers than other crops. Prompt and accurate market information is one of the key elements in enhancing the incomes of citrus farmers, since it can help them negotiate with traders and move produce profitably from a surplus market to a deficit market. Two groups of 100 farmers were selected randomly in the pilot areas in the Lattakia region: in the Informed group farmers received information concerning the citrus price trends, supply and demand, market conditions and production management (actual and predicted) on a regular basis from the extension offices in the region in the course of 12 months, as opposed to the Non-Informed group, who did not receive any information. Farmers in each group were asked to fill in an applicat...
The sustainability challenges such as depletion of finite resources stem largely from an explosio... more The sustainability challenges such as depletion of finite resources stem largely from an explosion in consumption. So far, most attention has been paid to socially efficient use of resources in production. However, the recent increase in demand for biomass and food followed by soaring food prices calls for reconsidering our approach and focusing on consumption too. This includes consuming less but mainly differently, and reducing and recycling wastes. Since food consumption is integrated with our life style it is important to understand socioeconomic and cultural contexts, the formal and informal institutions and government policy which form our food consumption behaviour. The paper refers to our ongoing research carried in the 7FP project PACITA on the technology assessment. We show main patterns and trends in food consumption and buying habits in the Czech Republic and initiatives promoting sustainable consumption in the country and in the selected EU member states. Possible reaso...
The present study aims at modelling the impact of different CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) scen... more The present study aims at modelling the impact of different CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) scenarios on 6 case study regional economies. The starting point is the construction of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) obtained through a combination of mechanical downscaling of higher level input-output data with superior data, followed by a balancing procedure. A number of key elements facilitate the simulation of the policy scenarios: disaggregation of agricultural sector by farm size and the rural-urban disaggregation of activities and households. Policy scenarios focus on the impacts of relatively major changes in agricultural and rural policy (change in the balance between CAP pillars 1 and 2 or redistribution of funding within CAP pillar 2 – rural development policy). Models used are recursive dynamic CGE models, solved one year at a time, over the period 2006 to 2020. Policy measures are modelled on the base of RDP spending mapped for each region into investments in specific SAM s...
This research belongs to the category of technology assessment which examines socio-economic cont... more This research belongs to the category of technology assessment which examines socio-economic context of technological progress. In this case, it concerns food security which might be strengthened by reducing food losses at lover stages of the food supply chain (FSC) due to technological improvements. Technologies reducing harvest and postharvest losses exist, however, they are not sufficiently adopted by farmers in developing countries. The paper examines these technologies and discusses factors which stimulate and prevent farmers to innovate their harvest and postharvest practices. These factors include human and financial capital, farm size, risk attitudes, labour availability, credit constraints, land and other property ownership access to commodity markets, social interaction, social capital and institutions. Using literature review it is showed that food supply systems tend to separate to urbanisation or export driven FSC and marginalised rural one. The urban&export FSC tend to...
Agriculture occupies a substantial proportion of the European land, and consequently plays an imp... more Agriculture occupies a substantial proportion of the European land, and consequently plays an important role in maintaining natural resources and cultural landscapes, a precondition for other human activities in rural areas. Unsustainable farming practices and land use, including mismanaged intensification as well as land abandonment, have an adverse impact on natural resources. Having recognised the environmental challenges of agricultural land use, the European Parliament requested the European Commission in 2007 to carry out a pilot project on "Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation through simplified cultivation techniques" (SoCo). The project originated from a close cooperation between the Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development (DG AGRI) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC). It was implemented by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) and the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES). This report presents the findi...
This paper deals with the potential effects of the CAP pillar 1 on farm incomes and structural ch... more This paper deals with the potential effects of the CAP pillar 1 on farm incomes and structural changes. It uses a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model and a specific analysis on distributional effects. The effect of payments ceiling in the current CAP 2020 proposal with subtracting labour costs will bring only insignificant payment reduction for most farmers except large extensive beef breeders whose direct payments will drop by 13% on average. However, if the condition on labour costs is removed, capping will become effective, payments in some specialisations will drop to half and the production and employment will decline by 6% and 10%, respectively, compared to the current situation. It is showed that small farm measures could easily miss its goal if there is no possibility to adjust the threshold measure more respecting national conditions. Analogously, due to prevalence of large corporate farms on land it is very unlikely that the measure targeted on young farmers will ...
A mobilisation of research, knowledge transfer and innovation to deal with the current challenges... more A mobilisation of research, knowledge transfer and innovation to deal with the current challenges as raising world food demand while protecting natural resources is a priority area of the EU. The effective knowledge transfer and innovation activities in the agri-food supply chain may push all producers in the vertical to improve their competitiveness while saving resources. In the paper we examine the current level of innovation activities and knowledge transfer in milk processing industry in the Czech Republic, with a particular focus on the collaboration of firms with R&D organisations and other important agents, in order to assess the potential for enhancing sustainable dairy production. Most of the interviewed milk processors confirmed that sustainability objective did not rank high within firms’ strategies while it showed a great potential for innovations. It is apparent from the conducted interviews with stakeholders as well as from the statistics that the level of cooperation...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of microcredit on smallholder poultr... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of microcredit on smallholder poultry production and its subsequent role on domestic protein and food supply. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional farm-level data from 61 farmers with at least two years of microcredit access and 39 farmers without microcredit access in the Dormaa Municipality of Ghana collected in 2016 via semi-structured questionnaire were used. Using the propensity score matching, PSM, and data envelopment analyses approaches, the authors analysed the propensity of farmers’ taking microcredit and its effect on beneficiaries’ technical efficiency, productivity, profitability and domestic production of chicken and eggs, farm performance. The authors addressed selection biases with the PSM and answered the research question of whether farmers with microcredit access perform better than non-microcredit farmers. Findings Farmers with high years of education, farming experience, technology and machinery...
Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung-keine B... more Nutzungsbedingungen: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine Weiterverbreitung-keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Terms of use: This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Redistribution-no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, nontransferable, individual and limited right to using this document. This document is solely intended for your personal, noncommercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use.
In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analys... more In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analysed based on the general equilibrium approach. The simulations consider a policy shock in 2014 and assess its impact until 2020. The results suggest that the changes in financing the second pillar CAP will produce only marginal effects on the economy. However, the reallocation of funds from the first to the second pillar has considerably larger negative effects on gross value added and employment in agriculture than the case of the second pillar budget reduction. On the other hand, the reallocation of funds will produce small but positive effects on the remaining sectors of the economy and the GDP. Research presented in this paper is the result of a research grant MSM 6046070906 "Economics of Czech agricultural resources and their efficient usage within the framework of multifunctional agri-food systems" and a Research Task of UZEI conducted for the Ministry of Agriculture TÚ 42...
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the e... more The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
EU financial perspective for 2014-2020 and the CAP. Impact of EU funds on the development of Pola... more EU financial perspective for 2014-2020 and the CAP. Impact of EU funds on the development of Poland. Evaluation of the impact of the CAP on the development of Poland and the situation of Polish agriculture. Analysis of the absorption of the CAP support in the programming period 2007-2013. Impact assessment of the EU "agricultural budget" for 2014-2020 on the financial situation of national agriculture and the entire Polish economy. Impact assessment of the EU "agricultural budget" for 2014-2020 on the financial situation of the Polish farms. The implications of multiannual financial framework in Hungary for the years 2014-2020. CAP's second pillar – some remarks from the Czech perspective.
In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analys... more In this paper, three scenarios concerning different budget options of the reformed CAP are analysed based on the general equilibrium approach. The simulations consider a policy shock in 2014 and assess its impact until 2020. The results suggest that the changes in financing the second pillar CAP will produce only marginal effects on the economy. However, the reallocation of funds from the first to the second pillar has considerably larger negative effects on gross value added and employment in agriculture than the case of the second pillar budget reduction. On the other hand, the reallocation of funds will produce small but positive effects on the remaining sectors of the economy and the GDP. Research presented in this paper is the result of a research grant MSM 6046070906 "Economics of Czech agricultural resources and their efficient usage within the framework of multifunctional agri-food systems" and a Research Task of UZEI conducted for the Ministry of Agriculture TÚ 42...
This synthesis report focuses on the evolution of agricultural market and trade policies in the C... more This synthesis report focuses on the evolution of agricultural market and trade policies in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) candidate countries in the period 1997 to 2001. The developments were crucially influenced by (OECD, 2000a): • the situation in world agricultural markets; • the overall macroeconomic development in the countries considered; • the prospective EU accession; • bringing domestic agricultural policy in line with the Uruguay Agreement on Agriculture (URAA). High 1997 agricultural prices on world commodity markets were followed by a marked depression in 1998. With the exemption of milk products this trend continued in 1999. Likewise the economic and financial crisis in Russia had a considerable impact on agricultural policies. It hit the regions´ exports resulting in a decline in industrial as well as agricultural output1. Thus, compared to the previous years most of the CEE candidate countries experienced a slow down or even negative rates of growth in their ...
Reducing food wastes attracts increasingly public attention in the context of global food securit... more Reducing food wastes attracts increasingly public attention in the context of global food security. Bakery products belong to food with relatively high level of wastes in Czech households. It has motived us to launch an explorative research to investigate reasons for such wastes. We have adopted several recent approaches to sustainability of consumption, i.e. product-service perspective, social practices approach combined with classical consumer behaviour analysis. In our investigation we analysed statistical household survey data, conducted online survey on bakery product wastes organised focus groups on social practices in purchasing and consuming bakery products and did several interviews with bakery processors. Our research indicates that bakery products wastes are rather low in contrast to the presumption. This is likely due to the different understanding of wastes in various surveys. We found that price is less important in decision on purchasing bakery products than it is gen...
The paper studies the impact of a market information system on the marketing decisions of citrus ... more The paper studies the impact of a market information system on the marketing decisions of citrus farmers in the Lattakia region. Agriculture there is focused largely on the production of citruses, which have for many years provided more substantial incomes for farmers than other crops. Prompt and accurate market information is one of the key elements in enhancing the incomes of citrus farmers, since it can help them negotiate with traders and move produce profitably from a surplus market to a deficit market. Two groups of 100 farmers were selected randomly in the pilot areas in the Lattakia region: in the Informed group farmers received information concerning the citrus price trends, supply and demand, market conditions and production management (actual and predicted) on a regular basis from the extension offices in the region in the course of 12 months, as opposed to the Non-Informed group, who did not receive any information. Farmers in each group were asked to fill in an applicat...
The sustainability challenges such as depletion of finite resources stem largely from an explosio... more The sustainability challenges such as depletion of finite resources stem largely from an explosion in consumption. So far, most attention has been paid to socially efficient use of resources in production. However, the recent increase in demand for biomass and food followed by soaring food prices calls for reconsidering our approach and focusing on consumption too. This includes consuming less but mainly differently, and reducing and recycling wastes. Since food consumption is integrated with our life style it is important to understand socioeconomic and cultural contexts, the formal and informal institutions and government policy which form our food consumption behaviour. The paper refers to our ongoing research carried in the 7FP project PACITA on the technology assessment. We show main patterns and trends in food consumption and buying habits in the Czech Republic and initiatives promoting sustainable consumption in the country and in the selected EU member states. Possible reaso...
The present study aims at modelling the impact of different CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) scen... more The present study aims at modelling the impact of different CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) scenarios on 6 case study regional economies. The starting point is the construction of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) obtained through a combination of mechanical downscaling of higher level input-output data with superior data, followed by a balancing procedure. A number of key elements facilitate the simulation of the policy scenarios: disaggregation of agricultural sector by farm size and the rural-urban disaggregation of activities and households. Policy scenarios focus on the impacts of relatively major changes in agricultural and rural policy (change in the balance between CAP pillars 1 and 2 or redistribution of funding within CAP pillar 2 – rural development policy). Models used are recursive dynamic CGE models, solved one year at a time, over the period 2006 to 2020. Policy measures are modelled on the base of RDP spending mapped for each region into investments in specific SAM s...
This research belongs to the category of technology assessment which examines socio-economic cont... more This research belongs to the category of technology assessment which examines socio-economic context of technological progress. In this case, it concerns food security which might be strengthened by reducing food losses at lover stages of the food supply chain (FSC) due to technological improvements. Technologies reducing harvest and postharvest losses exist, however, they are not sufficiently adopted by farmers in developing countries. The paper examines these technologies and discusses factors which stimulate and prevent farmers to innovate their harvest and postharvest practices. These factors include human and financial capital, farm size, risk attitudes, labour availability, credit constraints, land and other property ownership access to commodity markets, social interaction, social capital and institutions. Using literature review it is showed that food supply systems tend to separate to urbanisation or export driven FSC and marginalised rural one. The urban&export FSC tend to...
Agriculture occupies a substantial proportion of the European land, and consequently plays an imp... more Agriculture occupies a substantial proportion of the European land, and consequently plays an important role in maintaining natural resources and cultural landscapes, a precondition for other human activities in rural areas. Unsustainable farming practices and land use, including mismanaged intensification as well as land abandonment, have an adverse impact on natural resources. Having recognised the environmental challenges of agricultural land use, the European Parliament requested the European Commission in 2007 to carry out a pilot project on "Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation through simplified cultivation techniques" (SoCo). The project originated from a close cooperation between the Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development (DG AGRI) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC). It was implemented by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) and the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES). This report presents the findi...
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