Real-time access to accurate and reliable timing information is necessary to profile scientific a... more Real-time access to accurate and reliable timing information is necessary to profile scientific applications, and crucial as simulations become increasingly complex, adaptive, and large-scale. The Cactus Framework provides flexible and extensible capabilities for timing information through a well designed infrastructure and timing API. Applications built with Cactus automatically gain access to built-in timers, such as gettimeofday and getrusage, system-specific hardware clocks, and high-level interfaces such as PAPI. We describe the Cactus timer interface, its motivation, and its implementation. We then demonstrate how this timing information can be used by an example scientific application to profile itself, and to dynamically adapt itself to a changing environment at run time.
This document provides information to the grid community, proposing a standard for a simple API f... more This document provides information to the grid community, proposing a standard for a simple API for grid applications. It is supposed to be used as input to the definition of language specific bindings for this API, and by implementors of these bindings. Distribution is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright c ○ Open Grid Forum (2006). All Rights Reserved. This document specifies the Simple API for Grid Applications (SAGA), a high level, application-oriented API for grid application development. The scope of this API is derived from the requirements specified in GFD.71 (”A Requirements
One of the most common questions that students ask statistics advisors is 'What test should I do?... more One of the most common questions that students ask statistics advisors is 'What test should I do?' This paper explores the use of generative AI chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, as a tool to assist students, in particular those with limited experience in statistics, in selecting appropriate statistical tests for their analyses. Traditional methods, such as flowcharts and online test selectors, require at least a basic understanding of measurement scales and research design, which can be an issue for many students who have limited exposure to statistics on their courses. This research focuses on developing and refining prompts to guide ChatGPT in providing accurate and relevant statistical test recommendations. A hypothetical scenario was used to test the effectiveness of various prompts, ranging from simple, naïve questions to more sophisticated ones utilising specific prompt patterns, such as the 'context manager' and 'flipped interaction.' These patterns were selected to enhance the chatbot's responses and ensure the relevance and accuracy of the test suggestions. The findings suggest that while AI chatbots like ChatGPT can be a valuable resource for students, their effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality of the prompts used. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential of these AI tools in educational settings, acknowledging the limitations of current technology and suggesting directions for future research and development.
Children's fussy eating is associated with a reduced vegetable intake. This quasiexperimental stu... more Children's fussy eating is associated with a reduced vegetable intake. This quasiexperimental study evaluated "Big Chef Little Chef" (BCLC), a nursery-based cooking skills programme aimed at reducing food fussiness and increasing willingness to try green vegetables by incorporating repeated exposure and sensory learning. Parent and child (3-5 years) dyads attended BCLC for four/1.5 h weekly sessions. A comparison group was recruited after BCLC completion and attended a single education session at week 1. A questionnaire measured food fussiness at week 1 and week 4. At week 4, all children were offered six green vegetables (raw and cooked) and an average score (1 = did not try; 2 = tried it/ate some; 3 = ate it all) was calculated for willingness to try vegetables. In total, 121 dyads (intervention: n = 64; comparison: n = 57) participated. The food fussiness score (1 min-5 max) in the intervention group decreased significantly from 3.0 to 2.6 (p < 0.01) between time points, while there was no change in the comparison group (3.1 (week 1) and 3.0 (week 4)). The intervention group was more willing to try green vegetables with significantly higher (p < 0.001) median scores for raw and cooked vegetables (2.5 for both) compared with the comparison group (2.0 and 1.7, respectively). The BCLC reduced food fussiness and increased willingness to try green vegetables.
Component frameworks are complex systems that rely on many layers of abstraction to function prop... more Component frameworks are complex systems that rely on many layers of abstraction to function properly. One essential requirement is a consistent means of describing each individual component and how it relates to both other compo- nents and the whole framework. As component frameworks are designed to be flexible by nature, the description method should be simultaneously powerful, lead to efficient code, and be easy to use, so that new users can quickly adapt their own code to work with the framework. In this paper, we discuss the Cactus Configuration Language (CCL) which is used to describe components ("thorns") in the Cactus Framework. The CCL provides a description language for the variables, parameters, functions, scheduling and compilation of a component and includes concepts such as interface and imple- mentation which allow thorns providing the same capabilities to be easily interchanged. We include several application examples which illustrate how community toolkits use the CCL and Cactus and identify needed additions to the language.
The Einstein Toolkit is a community-driven software platform of core computational tools to advan... more The Einstein Toolkit is a community-driven software platform of core computational tools to advance and support research in relativistic astrophysics and gravitational physics. The Einstein Toolkit has been supported by NSF 1550551/1550461/1550436/1550514, Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Todays applications need the functionality of the Grid to break free of single resource limitatio... more Todays applications need the functionality of the Grid to break free of single resource limitations, and in turn, the Grid needs applications in order to properly evolve. Why then are there currently so few applications using grids? We describe some of the problems faced by application developers in moving to the Grid, and show how grid application frameworks should overcome these difficulties. Such frameworks will define the relationship between the Grid and applications, providing consistent abstract interfaces to grid operations and allowing applications to include these operations independently from their actual implementation. These user interfaces should be application focused, capturing the semantics of the underlying operations, then driving grid development to support these needs. Building the right interfaces motivates a detailed classification of applications and operations for the grid, and we provide a simple taxonomy in this paper, outlining important new directions in which it should be extended. We describe the rationale and design of a Grid Application Toolkit in the GridLab project, which will provide a comprehensive language and implementation neutral framework for encapsulating grid operations that will greatly simplify and accelerate future grid application development.
International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 2004
Abstract We discuss the problem of resource brokering in a Grid environment from the perspective ... more Abstract We discuss the problem of resource brokering in a Grid environment from the perspective of general application needs. Starting from a illustrative scenario, these requirements are broken down into the general areas of computation, data, network, ...
Proceedings - 1st IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, CCGrid 2001, 2001
The Testbed and Applications working group of the EUropean Grid F o r m (EGrid) is actively build... more The Testbed and Applications working group of the EUropean Grid F o r m (EGrid) is actively building and experimenting with a grid infrastructure connecting several research-based supercomputing sites located in Europe. This paper reports on our jirst feasibility study: running a self-migrating version of the Cactus simulation code across the European grid testbed, including "live" remote data visualization and steering from different demonstration booths at Supercomputing 2000, in Dallas, TX. We report on the problems that had to be resolved f o r this endeavour and identify open research challenges f o r building productiongrade grid environments.
In recent years, many different numerical evolution schemes for Einstein's equations have been pr... more In recent years, many different numerical evolution schemes for Einstein's equations have been proposed to address stability and accuracy problems that have plagued the numerical relativity community for decades. Some of these approaches have been tested on different spacetimes, and conclusions have been drawn based on these tests. However, differences in results originate from many sources, including not only formulations of the equations, but also gauges, boundary conditions, numerical methods, and so on. We propose to build up a suite of standardized testbeds for comparing approaches to the numerical evolution of Einstein's equations that are designed to both probe their strengths and weaknesses and to separate out different effects, and their causes, seen in the results. We discuss general design principles of suitable testbeds, and we present an initial round of simple tests with periodic boundary conditions. This is a pivotal first step toward building a suite of testbeds to serve the numerical relativists and researchers from related fields who wish to assess the capabilities of numerical relativity codes. We present some examples of how these tests can be quite effective in revealing various limitations of different approaches, and illustrating their differences. The tests are presently limited to vacuum spacetimes, can be run on modest computational resources, and can be used with many different approaches used in the relativity community.
GridRun offers a very simple set of tools for creating and executing multi-platform binary execut... more GridRun offers a very simple set of tools for creating and executing multi-platform binary executables. These "fat-binaries" archive native machine code into compact packages that are typically a fraction the size of the original binary images they store, enabling efficient staging of executables for heterogeneous parallel jobs. GridRun interoperates with existing distributed job launchers/managers like Condor and the Globus GRAM to greatly simplify the logic required launching native binary applications in distributed heterogeneous environments.
Page 1. KNOOGLE: An Open Architecture for Matchmaking and Brokerage Neil Chapman2 Tom Goodale2 Wi... more Page 1. KNOOGLE: An Open Architecture for Matchmaking and Brokerage Neil Chapman2 Tom Goodale2 William Naylor1 Julian Padget1 Omer Rana2 1 Department of Computer Science University of Bath, England 2 Department of Computer Science Cardiff University, Wales 20060918 / OMII-UK: AHM Julian Padget (CS Dept, Bath UK) KNOOGLE 20060918 / OMII-UK: AHM 1 / 11 Page 2. Overview The KNOOGLE Project Objectives: Refactoring of GENSS architecture to produce generic tools; Demonstrators based on current e-Science projects ...
Proceedings of UK e-Science All Hands conference. EPSRC, Sep 1, 2006
The GENSS project has developed a flexible generic brokerage framework based on the use of plug-i... more The GENSS project has developed a flexible generic brokerage framework based on the use of plug-in components that are themselves web services. The focus in GENSS has been on mathematical web services, but the broker itself is domain independent and it is the plug-ins that act as sources of domain-specific knowledge. A range of plug-ins has been developed that offer a variety of matching technologies including ontological reasoning, mathematical reasoning, reputation modelling, and textual analysis. The ranking ...
Real-time access to accurate and reliable timing information is necessary to profile scientific a... more Real-time access to accurate and reliable timing information is necessary to profile scientific applications, and crucial as simulations become increasingly complex, adaptive, and large-scale. The Cactus Framework provides flexible and extensible capabilities for timing information through a well designed infrastructure and timing API. Applications built with Cactus automatically gain access to built-in timers, such as gettimeofday and getrusage, system-specific hardware clocks, and high-level interfaces such as PAPI. We describe the Cactus timer interface, its motivation, and its implementation. We then demonstrate how this timing information can be used by an example scientific application to profile itself, and to dynamically adapt itself to a changing environment at run time.
This document provides information to the grid community, proposing a standard for a simple API f... more This document provides information to the grid community, proposing a standard for a simple API for grid applications. It is supposed to be used as input to the definition of language specific bindings for this API, and by implementors of these bindings. Distribution is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright c ○ Open Grid Forum (2006). All Rights Reserved. This document specifies the Simple API for Grid Applications (SAGA), a high level, application-oriented API for grid application development. The scope of this API is derived from the requirements specified in GFD.71 (”A Requirements
One of the most common questions that students ask statistics advisors is 'What test should I do?... more One of the most common questions that students ask statistics advisors is 'What test should I do?' This paper explores the use of generative AI chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, as a tool to assist students, in particular those with limited experience in statistics, in selecting appropriate statistical tests for their analyses. Traditional methods, such as flowcharts and online test selectors, require at least a basic understanding of measurement scales and research design, which can be an issue for many students who have limited exposure to statistics on their courses. This research focuses on developing and refining prompts to guide ChatGPT in providing accurate and relevant statistical test recommendations. A hypothetical scenario was used to test the effectiveness of various prompts, ranging from simple, naïve questions to more sophisticated ones utilising specific prompt patterns, such as the 'context manager' and 'flipped interaction.' These patterns were selected to enhance the chatbot's responses and ensure the relevance and accuracy of the test suggestions. The findings suggest that while AI chatbots like ChatGPT can be a valuable resource for students, their effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality of the prompts used. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential of these AI tools in educational settings, acknowledging the limitations of current technology and suggesting directions for future research and development.
Children's fussy eating is associated with a reduced vegetable intake. This quasiexperimental stu... more Children's fussy eating is associated with a reduced vegetable intake. This quasiexperimental study evaluated "Big Chef Little Chef" (BCLC), a nursery-based cooking skills programme aimed at reducing food fussiness and increasing willingness to try green vegetables by incorporating repeated exposure and sensory learning. Parent and child (3-5 years) dyads attended BCLC for four/1.5 h weekly sessions. A comparison group was recruited after BCLC completion and attended a single education session at week 1. A questionnaire measured food fussiness at week 1 and week 4. At week 4, all children were offered six green vegetables (raw and cooked) and an average score (1 = did not try; 2 = tried it/ate some; 3 = ate it all) was calculated for willingness to try vegetables. In total, 121 dyads (intervention: n = 64; comparison: n = 57) participated. The food fussiness score (1 min-5 max) in the intervention group decreased significantly from 3.0 to 2.6 (p < 0.01) between time points, while there was no change in the comparison group (3.1 (week 1) and 3.0 (week 4)). The intervention group was more willing to try green vegetables with significantly higher (p < 0.001) median scores for raw and cooked vegetables (2.5 for both) compared with the comparison group (2.0 and 1.7, respectively). The BCLC reduced food fussiness and increased willingness to try green vegetables.
Component frameworks are complex systems that rely on many layers of abstraction to function prop... more Component frameworks are complex systems that rely on many layers of abstraction to function properly. One essential requirement is a consistent means of describing each individual component and how it relates to both other compo- nents and the whole framework. As component frameworks are designed to be flexible by nature, the description method should be simultaneously powerful, lead to efficient code, and be easy to use, so that new users can quickly adapt their own code to work with the framework. In this paper, we discuss the Cactus Configuration Language (CCL) which is used to describe components ("thorns") in the Cactus Framework. The CCL provides a description language for the variables, parameters, functions, scheduling and compilation of a component and includes concepts such as interface and imple- mentation which allow thorns providing the same capabilities to be easily interchanged. We include several application examples which illustrate how community toolkits use the CCL and Cactus and identify needed additions to the language.
The Einstein Toolkit is a community-driven software platform of core computational tools to advan... more The Einstein Toolkit is a community-driven software platform of core computational tools to advance and support research in relativistic astrophysics and gravitational physics. The Einstein Toolkit has been supported by NSF 1550551/1550461/1550436/1550514, Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Todays applications need the functionality of the Grid to break free of single resource limitatio... more Todays applications need the functionality of the Grid to break free of single resource limitations, and in turn, the Grid needs applications in order to properly evolve. Why then are there currently so few applications using grids? We describe some of the problems faced by application developers in moving to the Grid, and show how grid application frameworks should overcome these difficulties. Such frameworks will define the relationship between the Grid and applications, providing consistent abstract interfaces to grid operations and allowing applications to include these operations independently from their actual implementation. These user interfaces should be application focused, capturing the semantics of the underlying operations, then driving grid development to support these needs. Building the right interfaces motivates a detailed classification of applications and operations for the grid, and we provide a simple taxonomy in this paper, outlining important new directions in which it should be extended. We describe the rationale and design of a Grid Application Toolkit in the GridLab project, which will provide a comprehensive language and implementation neutral framework for encapsulating grid operations that will greatly simplify and accelerate future grid application development.
International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 2004
Abstract We discuss the problem of resource brokering in a Grid environment from the perspective ... more Abstract We discuss the problem of resource brokering in a Grid environment from the perspective of general application needs. Starting from a illustrative scenario, these requirements are broken down into the general areas of computation, data, network, ...
Proceedings - 1st IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, CCGrid 2001, 2001
The Testbed and Applications working group of the EUropean Grid F o r m (EGrid) is actively build... more The Testbed and Applications working group of the EUropean Grid F o r m (EGrid) is actively building and experimenting with a grid infrastructure connecting several research-based supercomputing sites located in Europe. This paper reports on our jirst feasibility study: running a self-migrating version of the Cactus simulation code across the European grid testbed, including "live" remote data visualization and steering from different demonstration booths at Supercomputing 2000, in Dallas, TX. We report on the problems that had to be resolved f o r this endeavour and identify open research challenges f o r building productiongrade grid environments.
In recent years, many different numerical evolution schemes for Einstein's equations have been pr... more In recent years, many different numerical evolution schemes for Einstein's equations have been proposed to address stability and accuracy problems that have plagued the numerical relativity community for decades. Some of these approaches have been tested on different spacetimes, and conclusions have been drawn based on these tests. However, differences in results originate from many sources, including not only formulations of the equations, but also gauges, boundary conditions, numerical methods, and so on. We propose to build up a suite of standardized testbeds for comparing approaches to the numerical evolution of Einstein's equations that are designed to both probe their strengths and weaknesses and to separate out different effects, and their causes, seen in the results. We discuss general design principles of suitable testbeds, and we present an initial round of simple tests with periodic boundary conditions. This is a pivotal first step toward building a suite of testbeds to serve the numerical relativists and researchers from related fields who wish to assess the capabilities of numerical relativity codes. We present some examples of how these tests can be quite effective in revealing various limitations of different approaches, and illustrating their differences. The tests are presently limited to vacuum spacetimes, can be run on modest computational resources, and can be used with many different approaches used in the relativity community.
GridRun offers a very simple set of tools for creating and executing multi-platform binary execut... more GridRun offers a very simple set of tools for creating and executing multi-platform binary executables. These "fat-binaries" archive native machine code into compact packages that are typically a fraction the size of the original binary images they store, enabling efficient staging of executables for heterogeneous parallel jobs. GridRun interoperates with existing distributed job launchers/managers like Condor and the Globus GRAM to greatly simplify the logic required launching native binary applications in distributed heterogeneous environments.
Page 1. KNOOGLE: An Open Architecture for Matchmaking and Brokerage Neil Chapman2 Tom Goodale2 Wi... more Page 1. KNOOGLE: An Open Architecture for Matchmaking and Brokerage Neil Chapman2 Tom Goodale2 William Naylor1 Julian Padget1 Omer Rana2 1 Department of Computer Science University of Bath, England 2 Department of Computer Science Cardiff University, Wales 20060918 / OMII-UK: AHM Julian Padget (CS Dept, Bath UK) KNOOGLE 20060918 / OMII-UK: AHM 1 / 11 Page 2. Overview The KNOOGLE Project Objectives: Refactoring of GENSS architecture to produce generic tools; Demonstrators based on current e-Science projects ...
Proceedings of UK e-Science All Hands conference. EPSRC, Sep 1, 2006
The GENSS project has developed a flexible generic brokerage framework based on the use of plug-i... more The GENSS project has developed a flexible generic brokerage framework based on the use of plug-in components that are themselves web services. The focus in GENSS has been on mathematical web services, but the broker itself is domain independent and it is the plug-ins that act as sources of domain-specific knowledge. A range of plug-ins has been developed that offer a variety of matching technologies including ontological reasoning, mathematical reasoning, reputation modelling, and textual analysis. The ranking ...
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