Current treatment therapeutic approach for tuberculosis is the administration of first line drugs... more Current treatment therapeutic approach for tuberculosis is the administration of first line drugs in the form of tablets and capsules for 4-6 months. However, this approach leads to severe adverse effects. Therefore, present study was designed to achieving local and sustained targeting of anti-tubercular drugs in order to reduce dose and frequency. The nanoparticle based dry powder formulation of rifampicin was developed and analyzed with respect to its direct targeting potential of lungs. Rifampicin loaded nanoparticles were formulated by ionic gelation probe sonication method, and characterized with respect to particle size, zeta potential, entrapment and drug loading efficiency. The range of size and entrapment efficiency of prepared nanoparticles was estimated from 124.1±0.2 to 402.3±2.8nm and 72.00±0.1%, respectively. The freeze-dried powder of nanoparticle formulation was used to carry out in vitro lung deposition studies through Andersen cascade impactor. The cumulative in vi...
Several potent drugs have been available for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) since past 70 yea... more Several potent drugs have been available for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) since past 70 years. However, poor management of tuberculosis continues to take a heavy count of human lives [1,2]. The disease has become prevalent in countries like Africa, India, China and Russia [3-5]. In India nearly 500,000 people die every year due to this dreadful disease [6-10]. In the early times, in the absence of any cure, infected patients faced slow and painful death. Many patients died unattended in infirmaries [11-13]. There are about 10 million new tuberculosis cases added every year worldwide [14]. About 2 million people succumb to this life threatening disease [15]. Some of the main factors which has contributed to this death dealing disease are the absence of basic sanitary facilities and the emigration of people from rural to urban crowded slums [16-18]. Tuberculosis is caused by rod shaped, aerobic, acid fast, gram positive bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis which was first identified by a German Physician, Robert Koch, in 1882 (Table 1) [6,7]. The bacterium exists in both latent and active forms.
The elevated blood levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins result in hyperlipidemia. T... more The elevated blood levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins result in hyperlipidemia. The available expensive prophylactic treatments are kindred with severe side effects. Therefore, we fabricated the polymeric nanoparticles of gamma-oryzanol to achieving the improved efficacy of drug. The nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and optimized using 2 full factorial design taking drug/polymer ratio (X), polymer/cross linking agent ratio (X), and stirring speed (X) as independent variables. The average particle size, percentage entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release at 2, 12, and 24 h were selected as response parameters. The factorial batches were statistically analyzed and optimized. The optimized nanoparticles were characterized with respect to particle size (141 nm) and zeta potential (+ 6.45 mV). Results obtained with the prepared and characterized formulation showed 83% mucoadhesion towards the intestinal mucosa. The in vitro findings were comple...
Current treatment therapeutic approach for tuberculosis is the administration of first line drugs... more Current treatment therapeutic approach for tuberculosis is the administration of first line drugs in the form of tablets and capsules for 4-6 months. However, this approach leads to severe adverse effects. Therefore, present study was designed to achieving local and sustained targeting of anti-tubercular drugs in order to reduce dose and frequency. The nanoparticle based dry powder formulation of rifampicin was developed and analyzed with respect to its direct targeting potential of lungs. Rifampicin loaded nanoparticles were formulated by ionic gelation probe sonication method, and characterized with respect to particle size, zeta potential, entrapment and drug loading efficiency. The range of size and entrapment efficiency of prepared nanoparticles was estimated from 124.1±0.2 to 402.3±2.8nm and 72.00±0.1%, respectively. The freeze-dried powder of nanoparticle formulation was used to carry out in vitro lung deposition studies through Andersen cascade impactor. The cumulative in vi...
Several potent drugs have been available for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) since past 70 yea... more Several potent drugs have been available for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) since past 70 years. However, poor management of tuberculosis continues to take a heavy count of human lives [1,2]. The disease has become prevalent in countries like Africa, India, China and Russia [3-5]. In India nearly 500,000 people die every year due to this dreadful disease [6-10]. In the early times, in the absence of any cure, infected patients faced slow and painful death. Many patients died unattended in infirmaries [11-13]. There are about 10 million new tuberculosis cases added every year worldwide [14]. About 2 million people succumb to this life threatening disease [15]. Some of the main factors which has contributed to this death dealing disease are the absence of basic sanitary facilities and the emigration of people from rural to urban crowded slums [16-18]. Tuberculosis is caused by rod shaped, aerobic, acid fast, gram positive bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis which was first identified by a German Physician, Robert Koch, in 1882 (Table 1) [6,7]. The bacterium exists in both latent and active forms.
The elevated blood levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins result in hyperlipidemia. T... more The elevated blood levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins result in hyperlipidemia. The available expensive prophylactic treatments are kindred with severe side effects. Therefore, we fabricated the polymeric nanoparticles of gamma-oryzanol to achieving the improved efficacy of drug. The nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and optimized using 2 full factorial design taking drug/polymer ratio (X), polymer/cross linking agent ratio (X), and stirring speed (X) as independent variables. The average particle size, percentage entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release at 2, 12, and 24 h were selected as response parameters. The factorial batches were statistically analyzed and optimized. The optimized nanoparticles were characterized with respect to particle size (141 nm) and zeta potential (+ 6.45 mV). Results obtained with the prepared and characterized formulation showed 83% mucoadhesion towards the intestinal mucosa. The in vitro findings were comple...
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Papers by Tejal Rawal