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Taskeen Zahra

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Stefan Heidemann

University of Hamburg

James Mallinson

University of Oxford

Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University

Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig

Zulfiqar Ali Kalhoro

Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad

Olga Yastrebova

Saint-Petersburg State University

University College London

Bhikkhunī Dhammadinnā

Dharma Drum Institute of Liberal Arts

The British Library

Vincent Tournier

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

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Papers by Taskeen Zahra

Reassurance Seeking Behavior and Interpersonal Difficulties in University Students: Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research

Non-Communicable Disease Syndemics Among Low-Income Populations: Pakistan and Way Forward

JAIMC: Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have substantially contributed to morbidity and mortality of pop... more Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have substantially contributed to morbidity and mortality of populations. The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pandemic took centre stage toppling over the global health and economies leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Presently as many as one in five with underlying NCDs are at risk of severe Covid-19[3].In May 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) undertook a fast evaluation survey, which revealed that 75% of nations have experienced service outages related to NCDs. Public health campaigns and NCD surveillance programmes were among the hardest damaged. Gains against COVID-19 are hollow wins when the risky interactions between NCDs and virus infection are not perceived as syndemics along with social and economic disparities.

Screening College Students for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Using Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: A Cross Sectional Study Comparing Public Sector Medical and Non-Medical Students in Punjab, Pakistan

JAIMC: Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College

Background and Objectives: Body Dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterize... more Background and Objectives: Body Dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by preoccupation with an imagined flaw in appearance or slight defect in one's body. It is a disabling obsessive- compulsive spectrum disorder often goes unrecognized in clinical practice and found to be associated with social anxiety, distress and suicidal tendency. The aim of this study was to screen public sector college students for body dysmorphic disorder using a validated dysmorphic concern questionnaire® through an online survey and describing family, peers and media influences in relation to its occurrence. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken in two public sector medical colleges (Lahore and Sialkot) and one public sector general education college (Sialkot) during November 2019 to June 2022. Overall, 378 students completed a validated 7-items Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ)® online. Participants provided responses on a 4-point scale. They...

Poliomyelitis in Pakistan: Evolving challenges and way forward

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University

Poliomyelitis, an acute paralytic illness, affects children under the age of five. It is brought ... more Poliomyelitis, an acute paralytic illness, affects children under the age of five. It is brought on by the Polio Virus (PV), a single-stranded RNA virus that comes in three serotypes (type 1, 2, and 3) which is transmitted by feco-oral route.1,2 Since 1988, there has been a 99.9% decrease in polio cases worldwide because of the World Health Organization's Global Polio Eradication initiative.1 This initiative has played a vital role in eradication of the disease. Pakistan is one of the 2 nations where polio remains as an endemic disease even at the end of 2022, the other being Afghanistan.2 In 2021, Pakistan reported just 1 case of polio linked to the Wild Poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) against 14 cases from April 1 through July 31, 2022.2 Eleven instances of polio have been reported in the Northwestern Waziristan in 2022, clearly illustrating the loopholes in national policies to completely eradicate the disease despite its goal to immunize 12.6 million children by 2022.2 Th...

Neuroticism and Psychosocial Stressors of Trauma in University Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Appraisal of Trauma

PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)

The current study aimed to find out the mediating role of anxious self-esteem and self-appraisal ... more The current study aimed to find out the mediating role of anxious self-esteem and self-appraisal of trauma in the relationship of neuroticism and psycho-social stressors of trauma in a sample of 213 (men =31%, women = 68%) between the ages of 18 to 26 (M = 20.78, SD = 2.46). Participants were selected by using a purposive sampling strategy studying in private and government universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability Scale (John et al., 1991), Anxious/ Withdrawn Self-esteem Scale for University Population (Zafar et al., 2012), Psychosocial Stressors of Trauma scale (PSST) (Rani et al., 2021), and Self-Appraisal Scale (Rani et al., 2021) were used to assess the neuroticism vs. emotional stability, anxious self-esteem, self-appraisal of trauma and psycho-social stressors of trauma in university students. Findings of correlation analysis depicted the interrelatedness of neuroticism, anxious self-esteem, self-appraisal of trauma, and psycho-social stressors. Me...

Role of Self-Esteem in Punitive Parenting and Psychological Reactions of Abuse and Neglect in Adolescents

Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology

The objective of the study was to examine the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship ... more The objective of the study was to examine the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between punitive parenting and psychological reactions to abuse and neglect. The sample of the study was 305 (Girls=49%, Boys=50%) adolescents with the age range of 12-16 years (M=14.25, SD=1.47) of class 6th -10th of 3 boys and 4 girls schools selected through multistage sampling technique. Culturally developed punitive parenting scale, self-esteem scale, and psychological reactions of abuse and neglect scale were administered. Results were discussed in light of cultural expressions and indicators of self-esteem, punitive parenting, and psychological reactions to abuse and neglect. Results suggested that self-esteem significantly moderates the relationship between punitive parenting and psychological reactions to abuse and neglect (?=.013, SE. = - .005, p<.001). Regression analysis revealed that punitive parenting is a positive predictor (SE=.45, p<.001) of psychological reactions...

Interpersonal Skills Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset

Households’ Perception and Environmentally Friendly Technology Adoption: Implications for Energy Efficiency

Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022

Since employing environmentally friendly technologies (EFTs) is a complicated and difficult proce... more Since employing environmentally friendly technologies (EFTs) is a complicated and difficult process that is affected by multiple factors, researchers are encouraged to explore those influence factors. This research aims to estimate the households’ perception factors affecting the adoption intentions of EFTs. Based on a questionnaire survey from 782 Pakistani households, a structural equation modeling strategy yields empirical results. The main findings are: firstly, the drivers of adoption intention of EFTs include technological awareness, perceived environmental importance, perceived behavioral control, and perceived benefits. Secondly, significant barriers to the adoption intention of EFTs involve the perceived cost of EFTs and the perceived risk-averse behavior of households. Thirdly, among all factors, perceived environmental importance reveals the most substantial contribution, whereas perceived risk-averse behavior shows the least contribution to the adoption intention of EFTs...

Analysis of Ovulation Induction with Letrozole and Metformin in Females with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Total 200 females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited from OPD. Then random ordering... more Total 200 females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited from OPD. Then random ordering of females was done in 2 groups by utilizing lottery method. Females in A-group were given Letrozole 2.5mg once a day for three days (from third day to seventh day) for three cycles and metformin 1500mg (500mg 3 times a day) daily for three months, while females in group Both BMI & age were studied for Mean & S.D. Ovulation induction was studied and Percentage along with frequency was calculated. In Group-A mean age of women was 28.18±6.58 years. In Group-B mean age of women was 27.08±5.15 years. In Group-A ovulation induction rate was significantly higher as compared to that of Group-B women. i.e. (89% vs. 60%). p-value=0.000. Ovulation induction rate was significantly higher with Letrozzole+ Metformin in women who were having normal BMI, overweight & obese as compared to that of Letrozzole alone. Letrozole with metformin is more effective for the ovulation Induction females presenting with polycystic ovarian Syndrome as compared to letrozole alone.

Preparedness of Public Hospitals for the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Lahore District, Pakistan

Cureus, 2022

Background Pakistan reported more than a million cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID... more Background Pakistan reported more than a million cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, shuffling the already resource-constrained health system that is known for its high vulnerability and lack of adaption. Objective To find out the level of preparedness of public hospitals for the novel COVID-19 pandemic in Lahore district. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2021 among all 18 public hospitals under Specialized Health Care and Medical Education (SHC&ME) in Lahore by administering World Health Organization (WHO) and SHC&ME modified and pre-tested interviewer based and observation checklist. The level of preparedness was assessed for 11 domains, and each domain was scored as a dichotomous variable (Yes and No). Hospital preparedness was labeled as 'acceptable,' 'insufficient,' and 'unacceptable.' Descriptive statistics were run by using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and data are presented in the form of tables and bar graphs. Results Out of 18 hospitals, only three (17%) had an acceptable level of preparedness for COVID-19 (>70%). An unacceptable level of preparedness (<35%) was seen in one hospital (5%). Fourteen hospitals (78%) were insufficiently prepared (35-70%). Conclusion The study highlights the suboptimal preparedness in 83% of the public hospitals with a consistent pattern of deficiencies in surge capacity, logistics and resource management, essential services, including diagnostics, infection prevention, and control.

Determinants of Diagnostic and treatment delay among Thalassemia patients in Sialkot

Esculapio, 2021

Objectives: To find out determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among patients with thalas... more Objectives: To find out determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among patients with thalassemia major in Sialkot. Methods: A cross –sectional analytical study was conducted in Sundas Foundation, Sialkot, from April 2019 to July 2019. A total of 120 patients were selected by convenient sampling and data was collected through semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Important determinants considered were age, gender, literacy of parents, previous knowledge of disease and first health care facility visited. Data was analysed on SPSS version 25.0 and presented in the form of tables and figures. Chi-Square test was applied to study relationships between diagnostic and treatment delays with sociodemographic profile and other factors. P- value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: There was considerable delay of 30-180 days in diagnosis of thalassemia patients (37.5%), 42.7% patients diagnosed in less than 30 days. Treatment delay of 7-21 days in 18% patients seen, 71% starte...

Mediating Role of Emotional Neglect and Self-Injurious Behaviors in the Relationship Between Family Satisfaction and Depression

The Family Journal, 2021

The current research is aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotional neglect and self-i... more The current research is aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotional neglect and self-injurious behaviors in the association between family satisfaction and depressive symptoms in 312 undergraduates (45% boys and 55% girls) in the age range of 14–19 years ( M = 17.23, SD = 1.02). The measures include the Emotional Neglect Scale, Self-Injurious Behaviors Scale, Family Satisfaction Scale, and Depressive Symptomatology Scale for Adolescents and a Demographic Performa. Results indicated that emotional neglect and self-injurious behaviors fully mediated the relationship between family satisfaction and depressive symptoms in college students. These findings have very important implications for counselors to provide tailor-made intervention plans and provide preventative measures to avoid serious consequences of depression.

Mediation analysis of social deficits between self-criticism and aggression in adolescents

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2021

This research aims to determine the mediating role of social deficits in self-criticism and aggre... more This research aims to determine the mediating role of social deficits in self-criticism and aggression using a sample of 695 adolescents (girls = 49%, boys = 51%), aged 12 to 19 years ( M = 14.97, SD = 1.30) from an urbanized city of Pakistan. Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, Self-Criticism Scale, and Aggressive Behavior Scale were used in the present study. Results indicated a significant positive association of social deficits with self-criticism and aggression ( p

Life satisfaction and locus of control among teachers

Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 2014

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and locus of contro... more The present study aimed to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and locus of control, and to examine the role of demographics on life satisfaction and locus of control. Life satisfaction includes experiencing pleasant emotions, low level of negative moods, and high subjective well-being. Locus of control refers to a person's perceptions or beliefs about the location of responsibility for his or her life, circumstances, happenings, events and conditions. A sample of 150 male and female teachers of district Gujrat was selected in cross-sectional survey research design. Instruments used in this study were: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener (1985) and Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (RLOCS) by Rotter (1966). Data were collected from a convenient sample of 150 teachers of district Gujrat. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings of Pearson Product Moment Correlations revealed no significant correlati...

Mindfulness and Resilience as Predictors of Stress Among University Students

Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, 2018

Objective: To investigate the relationship of mindfulness and resilience as predictors of stress ... more Objective: To investigate the relationship of mindfulness and resilience as predictors of stress among university students. Methodology: Using a cross-sectional survey research design, a stratified random sample of 391(191 male and 200 female) university students from University of Gujrat, Pakistan, participated in current study. Mindfulness was measured through five facet mindfulness questionnaire short form. Resilience was measures by using Connor Davidson resilience scale. Perceived stress scale was used to measure stress level of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: There was significant positive relationship between mindfulness and resilience (r =.24, p <.001); significant negative relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress (r =-.49, p <.001); and resilience and perceived stress (r =-.12, p <.05). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that demographics, mindfulness and resilience overall accounted for 26% variance...

Role of Social Comparison and Interpersonal Skills in Positive Parenting and Self-Esteem in Pakistani Adolescents: A Serial Mediation Analysis

The Family Journal, 2021

The current research explored the serial mediating role of social comparison and interpersonal sk... more The current research explored the serial mediating role of social comparison and interpersonal skills in the association between positive parenting and self-esteem in adolescents. The participants for this study comprised 674 (boys = 47%, girls = 53%) adolescents recruited from the mainstream government school of Lahore, an urbanized city of Pakistan, by using a multistage sampling technique. Participants for this research have an age range of 12–19 years ( M = 14.88, SD = 1.33). Parenting Style Scale for Adolescents, Self-Esteem Scale for Children, Social Comparison Scale, and Interpersonal Skills Scale were used to measure the positive parenting, self-esteem, social comparison, and interpersonal skills, respectively. Based on the study results, it was concluded that social comparison and interpersonal skills partially mediate the relationship between positive parenting and self-esteem. The results of the research are discussed in the light of pertinent literature, and some recomme...

Job Satisfaction

The Professional Medical Journal, 2015

Background: Doctor’s profession has been among one of the most attractiveprofession in Pakistan S... more Background: Doctor’s profession has been among one of the most attractiveprofession in Pakistan Society, but doctors are getting increasingly dissatisfied with their jobs inour region as unfortunately job satisfaction has still not received the proper consideration frompolicy makers. Objectives: To determine the level of satisfaction with variousjob characteristicsand compare the characteristics of doctorswith level of job satisfaction among doctors workingin public and private sector teaching hospitals. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period:July 2014 to August 2014. Setting: Public sector (Jinnah Hospital Lahore) and a private sector(Fatima Memorial Hospital) Lahore. Methods: A total of 308 medical officers, 154 from eachhospital were included through simple random sampling. They were interviewed regarding theirsocio demographic and work related characteristics and satisfaction level regarding variousjob characteristics, using a structured, pretested questionnaire. The job sa...

Family cohesion and depression in adolescents: a mediating role of self-confidence

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2020

Objective: To identify the mediating role of self-confidence in family cohesion and depression in... more Objective: To identify the mediating role of self-confidence in family cohesion and depression in adolescents. Methods: The cross-sectional research design was used and study was conducted in the mainstream government schools of Lahore. A sample of 394 adolescents (boys = 54%, girls = 46%), aged 12-19 years (M = 14.76; SD = 1.39) recruited through multistage sampling strategy. Family Cohesion Scale, Self-confidence Scale and Depression Scale for Adolescents were used to measure family cohesion, self-confidence and depression respectively. Results: A significant positive association between family cohesion and self-confidence (p < .001), and a significant negative association of family cohesion (p < .001) and self-confidence (p < .01) with depression was found. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that self-confidence partially mediates the relationship between family cohesion and depression (p = .01). Conclusion: Early and timely identification of risk factors can prevent ...

An Approach towards Integrated Healthcare System in Punjab, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2021

taking place at the primary level, which were not only innovative but also proved productive. The... more taking place at the primary level, which were not only innovative but also proved productive. The main problem prevailing in the health system encountered while designing health policies is multiple pools of similar and irrelevant data. The bureaucracy seems determined for thorough data integration and to create an atmosphere of promoting codependency between various departments. However, a strong resistance exists in these subdepartments hindering them from merging or healthy exchange of information and thus preventing data sharing. They prefer to work in isolation not only with the Guest Editorial Government of Punjab (Pakistan) in 2016 segregated the Healthcare Sector into two tiers of Specialized and Primary & Secondary healthcare departments, to benefit and advance long deprived Primary & Secondary health structure in terms of policymaking, budgeting, prioritizing need-based interventions, and winning grants; establishing both departments as independent functional units with execution power of finances. Specialized Department constituted of tertiary care hospitals and medical education institutes whereas Primary and secondary health care department took hold of not only primary and secondary health care facilities like basic health unit, rural health centers, dispensaries, mobile health units, tehsil, and district headquarter hospitals but also all vertical programs; communicable disease programs, non-communicable diseases, national immunization program, etc. under the umbrella of Directorate General of Health Services. The 2020 initiative directed focus on South Punjab and we see a separate health system emerging for South Punjab with the perspective of concentrating on the most deficient and frailer region of Province Punjab at priority. Previously mostly efforts were unfortunately made towards the betterment of Tertiary care health services to provide relief to the public without relieving the pressure from the bottom in terms of undue referrals and unjustified minor health issues Outdoor Patient Department and Emergency. Even Indoor Patient Department cases were the majority of the matter that should have dealt with in the Primary and Secondary care facilities. This was the major reason for the failure of all the efforts previously made. According to researches, the bottom-up approach is always beneficial and proves prolific upshots when it comes to healthcare. However, over the past 5 years, District Headquarter Health Facilities were improved but still, the bottom-up approach had to be initiated from the very basic health care level. Instances like "Sehat Gah, Sehat Ghar, Sehat Kahani" projects are some of the success stories

demographic Profile of Endocrine Disorders in Patients Admitted in Endocrinology Ward, Services Hospital Lahore

Esculapio, 2020

Objective: To find out frequency and demographic profile of endocrine disorders in patients admit... more Objective: To find out frequency and demographic profile of endocrine disorders in patients admitted in endocrinology ward at Services Hospital Lahore. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan. The study included 105 patients admitted in Endocrinology Ward. Data used was secondary and it was collected via medical record from June, 2018 to January, 2019. All information pertaining to patients was kept confidential. Ethical Review Committee permission was undertaken with final approval from Head of Department. Results: Demographic characteristics of patients included age, gender, and showed majority to be middle- aged females. The number of female cases were 65.71% (n = 69), while male cases were 34.29% (n = 36). The average age of all the patients was 40.62 ± 16.52. Majority of the patients with 76.19% (n = 80) cases were reported with having glucose homeostasis disorders with 65.71% (n = 69) cases having diabetes mellitus and 1...

Reassurance Seeking Behavior and Interpersonal Difficulties in University Students: Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research

Non-Communicable Disease Syndemics Among Low-Income Populations: Pakistan and Way Forward

JAIMC: Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have substantially contributed to morbidity and mortality of pop... more Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have substantially contributed to morbidity and mortality of populations. The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pandemic took centre stage toppling over the global health and economies leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Presently as many as one in five with underlying NCDs are at risk of severe Covid-19[3].In May 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) undertook a fast evaluation survey, which revealed that 75% of nations have experienced service outages related to NCDs. Public health campaigns and NCD surveillance programmes were among the hardest damaged. Gains against COVID-19 are hollow wins when the risky interactions between NCDs and virus infection are not perceived as syndemics along with social and economic disparities.

Screening College Students for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Using Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: A Cross Sectional Study Comparing Public Sector Medical and Non-Medical Students in Punjab, Pakistan

JAIMC: Journal of Allama Iqbal Medical College

Background and Objectives: Body Dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterize... more Background and Objectives: Body Dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by preoccupation with an imagined flaw in appearance or slight defect in one's body. It is a disabling obsessive- compulsive spectrum disorder often goes unrecognized in clinical practice and found to be associated with social anxiety, distress and suicidal tendency. The aim of this study was to screen public sector college students for body dysmorphic disorder using a validated dysmorphic concern questionnaire® through an online survey and describing family, peers and media influences in relation to its occurrence. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken in two public sector medical colleges (Lahore and Sialkot) and one public sector general education college (Sialkot) during November 2019 to June 2022. Overall, 378 students completed a validated 7-items Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ)® online. Participants provided responses on a 4-point scale. They...

Poliomyelitis in Pakistan: Evolving challenges and way forward

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University

Poliomyelitis, an acute paralytic illness, affects children under the age of five. It is brought ... more Poliomyelitis, an acute paralytic illness, affects children under the age of five. It is brought on by the Polio Virus (PV), a single-stranded RNA virus that comes in three serotypes (type 1, 2, and 3) which is transmitted by feco-oral route.1,2 Since 1988, there has been a 99.9% decrease in polio cases worldwide because of the World Health Organization's Global Polio Eradication initiative.1 This initiative has played a vital role in eradication of the disease. Pakistan is one of the 2 nations where polio remains as an endemic disease even at the end of 2022, the other being Afghanistan.2 In 2021, Pakistan reported just 1 case of polio linked to the Wild Poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) against 14 cases from April 1 through July 31, 2022.2 Eleven instances of polio have been reported in the Northwestern Waziristan in 2022, clearly illustrating the loopholes in national policies to completely eradicate the disease despite its goal to immunize 12.6 million children by 2022.2 Th...

Neuroticism and Psychosocial Stressors of Trauma in University Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Appraisal of Trauma

PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)

The current study aimed to find out the mediating role of anxious self-esteem and self-appraisal ... more The current study aimed to find out the mediating role of anxious self-esteem and self-appraisal of trauma in the relationship of neuroticism and psycho-social stressors of trauma in a sample of 213 (men =31%, women = 68%) between the ages of 18 to 26 (M = 20.78, SD = 2.46). Participants were selected by using a purposive sampling strategy studying in private and government universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability Scale (John et al., 1991), Anxious/ Withdrawn Self-esteem Scale for University Population (Zafar et al., 2012), Psychosocial Stressors of Trauma scale (PSST) (Rani et al., 2021), and Self-Appraisal Scale (Rani et al., 2021) were used to assess the neuroticism vs. emotional stability, anxious self-esteem, self-appraisal of trauma and psycho-social stressors of trauma in university students. Findings of correlation analysis depicted the interrelatedness of neuroticism, anxious self-esteem, self-appraisal of trauma, and psycho-social stressors. Me...

Role of Self-Esteem in Punitive Parenting and Psychological Reactions of Abuse and Neglect in Adolescents

Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology

The objective of the study was to examine the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship ... more The objective of the study was to examine the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between punitive parenting and psychological reactions to abuse and neglect. The sample of the study was 305 (Girls=49%, Boys=50%) adolescents with the age range of 12-16 years (M=14.25, SD=1.47) of class 6th -10th of 3 boys and 4 girls schools selected through multistage sampling technique. Culturally developed punitive parenting scale, self-esteem scale, and psychological reactions of abuse and neglect scale were administered. Results were discussed in light of cultural expressions and indicators of self-esteem, punitive parenting, and psychological reactions to abuse and neglect. Results suggested that self-esteem significantly moderates the relationship between punitive parenting and psychological reactions to abuse and neglect (?=.013, SE. = - .005, p<.001). Regression analysis revealed that punitive parenting is a positive predictor (SE=.45, p<.001) of psychological reactions...

Interpersonal Skills Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset

Households’ Perception and Environmentally Friendly Technology Adoption: Implications for Energy Efficiency

Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022

Since employing environmentally friendly technologies (EFTs) is a complicated and difficult proce... more Since employing environmentally friendly technologies (EFTs) is a complicated and difficult process that is affected by multiple factors, researchers are encouraged to explore those influence factors. This research aims to estimate the households’ perception factors affecting the adoption intentions of EFTs. Based on a questionnaire survey from 782 Pakistani households, a structural equation modeling strategy yields empirical results. The main findings are: firstly, the drivers of adoption intention of EFTs include technological awareness, perceived environmental importance, perceived behavioral control, and perceived benefits. Secondly, significant barriers to the adoption intention of EFTs involve the perceived cost of EFTs and the perceived risk-averse behavior of households. Thirdly, among all factors, perceived environmental importance reveals the most substantial contribution, whereas perceived risk-averse behavior shows the least contribution to the adoption intention of EFTs...

Analysis of Ovulation Induction with Letrozole and Metformin in Females with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Total 200 females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited from OPD. Then random ordering... more Total 200 females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited from OPD. Then random ordering of females was done in 2 groups by utilizing lottery method. Females in A-group were given Letrozole 2.5mg once a day for three days (from third day to seventh day) for three cycles and metformin 1500mg (500mg 3 times a day) daily for three months, while females in group Both BMI & age were studied for Mean & S.D. Ovulation induction was studied and Percentage along with frequency was calculated. In Group-A mean age of women was 28.18±6.58 years. In Group-B mean age of women was 27.08±5.15 years. In Group-A ovulation induction rate was significantly higher as compared to that of Group-B women. i.e. (89% vs. 60%). p-value=0.000. Ovulation induction rate was significantly higher with Letrozzole+ Metformin in women who were having normal BMI, overweight & obese as compared to that of Letrozzole alone. Letrozole with metformin is more effective for the ovulation Induction females presenting with polycystic ovarian Syndrome as compared to letrozole alone.

Preparedness of Public Hospitals for the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Lahore District, Pakistan

Cureus, 2022

Background Pakistan reported more than a million cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID... more Background Pakistan reported more than a million cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, shuffling the already resource-constrained health system that is known for its high vulnerability and lack of adaption. Objective To find out the level of preparedness of public hospitals for the novel COVID-19 pandemic in Lahore district. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2021 among all 18 public hospitals under Specialized Health Care and Medical Education (SHC&ME) in Lahore by administering World Health Organization (WHO) and SHC&ME modified and pre-tested interviewer based and observation checklist. The level of preparedness was assessed for 11 domains, and each domain was scored as a dichotomous variable (Yes and No). Hospital preparedness was labeled as 'acceptable,' 'insufficient,' and 'unacceptable.' Descriptive statistics were run by using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and data are presented in the form of tables and bar graphs. Results Out of 18 hospitals, only three (17%) had an acceptable level of preparedness for COVID-19 (>70%). An unacceptable level of preparedness (<35%) was seen in one hospital (5%). Fourteen hospitals (78%) were insufficiently prepared (35-70%). Conclusion The study highlights the suboptimal preparedness in 83% of the public hospitals with a consistent pattern of deficiencies in surge capacity, logistics and resource management, essential services, including diagnostics, infection prevention, and control.

Determinants of Diagnostic and treatment delay among Thalassemia patients in Sialkot

Esculapio, 2021

Objectives: To find out determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among patients with thalas... more Objectives: To find out determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among patients with thalassemia major in Sialkot. Methods: A cross –sectional analytical study was conducted in Sundas Foundation, Sialkot, from April 2019 to July 2019. A total of 120 patients were selected by convenient sampling and data was collected through semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Important determinants considered were age, gender, literacy of parents, previous knowledge of disease and first health care facility visited. Data was analysed on SPSS version 25.0 and presented in the form of tables and figures. Chi-Square test was applied to study relationships between diagnostic and treatment delays with sociodemographic profile and other factors. P- value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: There was considerable delay of 30-180 days in diagnosis of thalassemia patients (37.5%), 42.7% patients diagnosed in less than 30 days. Treatment delay of 7-21 days in 18% patients seen, 71% starte...

Mediating Role of Emotional Neglect and Self-Injurious Behaviors in the Relationship Between Family Satisfaction and Depression

The Family Journal, 2021

The current research is aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotional neglect and self-i... more The current research is aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotional neglect and self-injurious behaviors in the association between family satisfaction and depressive symptoms in 312 undergraduates (45% boys and 55% girls) in the age range of 14–19 years ( M = 17.23, SD = 1.02). The measures include the Emotional Neglect Scale, Self-Injurious Behaviors Scale, Family Satisfaction Scale, and Depressive Symptomatology Scale for Adolescents and a Demographic Performa. Results indicated that emotional neglect and self-injurious behaviors fully mediated the relationship between family satisfaction and depressive symptoms in college students. These findings have very important implications for counselors to provide tailor-made intervention plans and provide preventative measures to avoid serious consequences of depression.

Mediation analysis of social deficits between self-criticism and aggression in adolescents

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2021

This research aims to determine the mediating role of social deficits in self-criticism and aggre... more This research aims to determine the mediating role of social deficits in self-criticism and aggression using a sample of 695 adolescents (girls = 49%, boys = 51%), aged 12 to 19 years ( M = 14.97, SD = 1.30) from an urbanized city of Pakistan. Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, Self-Criticism Scale, and Aggressive Behavior Scale were used in the present study. Results indicated a significant positive association of social deficits with self-criticism and aggression ( p

Life satisfaction and locus of control among teachers

Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 2014

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and locus of contro... more The present study aimed to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and locus of control, and to examine the role of demographics on life satisfaction and locus of control. Life satisfaction includes experiencing pleasant emotions, low level of negative moods, and high subjective well-being. Locus of control refers to a person's perceptions or beliefs about the location of responsibility for his or her life, circumstances, happenings, events and conditions. A sample of 150 male and female teachers of district Gujrat was selected in cross-sectional survey research design. Instruments used in this study were: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener (1985) and Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (RLOCS) by Rotter (1966). Data were collected from a convenient sample of 150 teachers of district Gujrat. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings of Pearson Product Moment Correlations revealed no significant correlati...

Mindfulness and Resilience as Predictors of Stress Among University Students

Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, 2018

Objective: To investigate the relationship of mindfulness and resilience as predictors of stress ... more Objective: To investigate the relationship of mindfulness and resilience as predictors of stress among university students. Methodology: Using a cross-sectional survey research design, a stratified random sample of 391(191 male and 200 female) university students from University of Gujrat, Pakistan, participated in current study. Mindfulness was measured through five facet mindfulness questionnaire short form. Resilience was measures by using Connor Davidson resilience scale. Perceived stress scale was used to measure stress level of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: There was significant positive relationship between mindfulness and resilience (r =.24, p <.001); significant negative relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress (r =-.49, p <.001); and resilience and perceived stress (r =-.12, p <.05). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that demographics, mindfulness and resilience overall accounted for 26% variance...

Role of Social Comparison and Interpersonal Skills in Positive Parenting and Self-Esteem in Pakistani Adolescents: A Serial Mediation Analysis

The Family Journal, 2021

The current research explored the serial mediating role of social comparison and interpersonal sk... more The current research explored the serial mediating role of social comparison and interpersonal skills in the association between positive parenting and self-esteem in adolescents. The participants for this study comprised 674 (boys = 47%, girls = 53%) adolescents recruited from the mainstream government school of Lahore, an urbanized city of Pakistan, by using a multistage sampling technique. Participants for this research have an age range of 12–19 years ( M = 14.88, SD = 1.33). Parenting Style Scale for Adolescents, Self-Esteem Scale for Children, Social Comparison Scale, and Interpersonal Skills Scale were used to measure the positive parenting, self-esteem, social comparison, and interpersonal skills, respectively. Based on the study results, it was concluded that social comparison and interpersonal skills partially mediate the relationship between positive parenting and self-esteem. The results of the research are discussed in the light of pertinent literature, and some recomme...

Job Satisfaction

The Professional Medical Journal, 2015

Background: Doctor’s profession has been among one of the most attractiveprofession in Pakistan S... more Background: Doctor’s profession has been among one of the most attractiveprofession in Pakistan Society, but doctors are getting increasingly dissatisfied with their jobs inour region as unfortunately job satisfaction has still not received the proper consideration frompolicy makers. Objectives: To determine the level of satisfaction with variousjob characteristicsand compare the characteristics of doctorswith level of job satisfaction among doctors workingin public and private sector teaching hospitals. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period:July 2014 to August 2014. Setting: Public sector (Jinnah Hospital Lahore) and a private sector(Fatima Memorial Hospital) Lahore. Methods: A total of 308 medical officers, 154 from eachhospital were included through simple random sampling. They were interviewed regarding theirsocio demographic and work related characteristics and satisfaction level regarding variousjob characteristics, using a structured, pretested questionnaire. The job sa...

Family cohesion and depression in adolescents: a mediating role of self-confidence

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2020

Objective: To identify the mediating role of self-confidence in family cohesion and depression in... more Objective: To identify the mediating role of self-confidence in family cohesion and depression in adolescents. Methods: The cross-sectional research design was used and study was conducted in the mainstream government schools of Lahore. A sample of 394 adolescents (boys = 54%, girls = 46%), aged 12-19 years (M = 14.76; SD = 1.39) recruited through multistage sampling strategy. Family Cohesion Scale, Self-confidence Scale and Depression Scale for Adolescents were used to measure family cohesion, self-confidence and depression respectively. Results: A significant positive association between family cohesion and self-confidence (p < .001), and a significant negative association of family cohesion (p < .001) and self-confidence (p < .01) with depression was found. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that self-confidence partially mediates the relationship between family cohesion and depression (p = .01). Conclusion: Early and timely identification of risk factors can prevent ...

An Approach towards Integrated Healthcare System in Punjab, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2021

taking place at the primary level, which were not only innovative but also proved productive. The... more taking place at the primary level, which were not only innovative but also proved productive. The main problem prevailing in the health system encountered while designing health policies is multiple pools of similar and irrelevant data. The bureaucracy seems determined for thorough data integration and to create an atmosphere of promoting codependency between various departments. However, a strong resistance exists in these subdepartments hindering them from merging or healthy exchange of information and thus preventing data sharing. They prefer to work in isolation not only with the Guest Editorial Government of Punjab (Pakistan) in 2016 segregated the Healthcare Sector into two tiers of Specialized and Primary & Secondary healthcare departments, to benefit and advance long deprived Primary & Secondary health structure in terms of policymaking, budgeting, prioritizing need-based interventions, and winning grants; establishing both departments as independent functional units with execution power of finances. Specialized Department constituted of tertiary care hospitals and medical education institutes whereas Primary and secondary health care department took hold of not only primary and secondary health care facilities like basic health unit, rural health centers, dispensaries, mobile health units, tehsil, and district headquarter hospitals but also all vertical programs; communicable disease programs, non-communicable diseases, national immunization program, etc. under the umbrella of Directorate General of Health Services. The 2020 initiative directed focus on South Punjab and we see a separate health system emerging for South Punjab with the perspective of concentrating on the most deficient and frailer region of Province Punjab at priority. Previously mostly efforts were unfortunately made towards the betterment of Tertiary care health services to provide relief to the public without relieving the pressure from the bottom in terms of undue referrals and unjustified minor health issues Outdoor Patient Department and Emergency. Even Indoor Patient Department cases were the majority of the matter that should have dealt with in the Primary and Secondary care facilities. This was the major reason for the failure of all the efforts previously made. According to researches, the bottom-up approach is always beneficial and proves prolific upshots when it comes to healthcare. However, over the past 5 years, District Headquarter Health Facilities were improved but still, the bottom-up approach had to be initiated from the very basic health care level. Instances like "Sehat Gah, Sehat Ghar, Sehat Kahani" projects are some of the success stories

demographic Profile of Endocrine Disorders in Patients Admitted in Endocrinology Ward, Services Hospital Lahore

Esculapio, 2020

Objective: To find out frequency and demographic profile of endocrine disorders in patients admit... more Objective: To find out frequency and demographic profile of endocrine disorders in patients admitted in endocrinology ward at Services Hospital Lahore. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan. The study included 105 patients admitted in Endocrinology Ward. Data used was secondary and it was collected via medical record from June, 2018 to January, 2019. All information pertaining to patients was kept confidential. Ethical Review Committee permission was undertaken with final approval from Head of Department. Results: Demographic characteristics of patients included age, gender, and showed majority to be middle- aged females. The number of female cases were 65.71% (n = 69), while male cases were 34.29% (n = 36). The average age of all the patients was 40.62 ± 16.52. Majority of the patients with 76.19% (n = 80) cases were reported with having glucose homeostasis disorders with 65.71% (n = 69) cases having diabetes mellitus and 1...