Error Analysis for Achieving Meaningful Translation
Key words:error analysis, meaningful translation ABSTRACT There seems to be a growing awareness a... more Key words:error analysis, meaningful translation ABSTRACT There seems to be a growing awareness all over the world in translation studies, which are not faced with misunderstanding and opposition. According to Kussmaul (1995: 5), there are two approaches in teaching translation, product-oriented and process-oriented ones. The product-oriented approach includes error analysis and translation quality assessment. Errors are first described, then the reasons for them are found and finally the solutions are given to prevent them. However, error analysis must be taken with precautions. Making errors must be seen as a way of productive way of making students aware of all the obstacles that they may face while doing translation. This paper deals with the analysis of students' errors (those frequent and less frequent ones) and their transformation into knowledge necessary for successful and meaningful translation.
Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E, Dec 26, 2023
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a country rich in history and culture, has for centuries been at th... more Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a country rich in history and culture, has for centuries been at the crossroads between the West and the East, which has resulted in quite a mixture of cross-cultural elements that pose many obstacles for translators. As the issues of tourism-language translation have been relatively underexplored in BiH, this article attempts to investigate the extent to which the translators of tourismrelated content available online succeeded in making the local color of architecture-related terms accessible to foreign visitors. The article also examines whether the issue of accessibility of local color was addressed adequately by local translators. Many formal and informal online sources were used for the selection of prominent cultural terms and their English translations, which were analyzed in terms of Pavlović T. & Hadžiahmetović Jurida, S. (2023). Bosnia and Herzegovina tourism online: (In)accessibility of local color relating to architecture terms.
Morphology is the study of internal structure of composite words, namely the elements needed to f... more Morphology is the study of internal structure of composite words, namely the elements needed to form syntactic groups or sentences (Dirven et al, 2004 : 55). Thus, the formation of composite words is called word formation (Dirven et al, 2004: 55). Booij (2007: 23) points out that the goal of morphology is to describe and analyse languages of the world as accurately and as insightfully as possible, claiming that the word morphology can in this way be used in two ways. Thus, the term morphology may refer to a subdiscipline of linguistics and to that part of the grammar of the language that contains the rules for inflection and word-formation, i.e. the word grammar (Booij, 2007: 23). Furthermore, Booij (2007: 24) proposes that morphology has as its aim to provide a better understanding and insight of how linguistic rules function in language perception and production, and how the linguistic knowledge is mentally represented. Given the frequent use of compounds in English, many authors have dealt with various word formation processes, focusing on compounding as highly productive . Fabb (2017) defines a compound as a word consisting of two or more words, and claims that such compounds go through phonological and morphological processes. In a prototypical compound, according to Fabb, both parts are independently attached as words (ibid.). In this case, Fabb proposes that in English there are words which can be combined into an independently attached word plus another morpheme which is not an independently attached word, but at the same time does not appear to be an affix, such as in the examples church-goer, ironmonger, television,or cranberry. Furthermore, Plag (2018) points out that there are compounds which are made of four, five or even more elements or words (i.e. university teaching award committee member). Moreover, he highlights the fact that a number of new words may be frequently added to an existing compound to form a new one. Plag (2018) exemplifies this by providing the noun compound university teaching award committee member training. This property of compounding is called recursivity (ibid.).
The article contributes to the discussion of writing at the master's level by investigating metap... more The article contributes to the discussion of writing at the master's level by investigating metaphors underlying the process of writing a master's thesis from the perspective of graduate students. The analysis focuses on the use of metaphors in semi-structured interviews conducted with graduate students who defended their thesis and reflected on the whole process. Their metaphor use is non-elicited and this rhetorical device is spontaneously used showing that thesis writers conceptualize their research and all it entails in metaphorical terms to a significant extent. Despite the fact that thesis writers themselves were not encouraged to pay attention to or use metaphorical language, their narratives reveal the interplay of metaphors when describing the writing process.
There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and pr... more There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and process-oriented ones (Kussmaul 1995: 5). While the first primarily deals with the results of the translation process, the processoriented approach provides an insight into the cognitive aspect of the translation process itself. There have been numerous studies into various forms of process-oriented tasks. However, not many of them investigated the method known as "collaborative translation protocols (CTPs)", which provides extensive material for the analysis of many linguistic aspects of the translation process.
The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quali... more The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quality of translation from the second language into the first (L1 translation) and translation from the first language into the second (L2 translation). The traditional view of directionality in translation studies completely neglects L2 translation, often qualifying it as impossible, inappropriate, etc. However, various studies conducted in European countries indicate that this type of translation is not only possible but highly needed, especially in the countries where less disseminated languages or languages of limited diffusion (LLDs) are spoken. The paper will first present the traditional standpoints and then provide the opposite views followed by the analysis of both types of translation. The results of this study show that both L1 and L2 translations are possible and that both directions include certain difficulties.
There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and pr... more There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and process-oriented ones (Kussmaul 1995: 5). While the first primarily deals with the results of the translation process, the processoriented approach provides an insight into the cognitive aspect of the translation process itself. There have been numerous studies into various forms of process-oriented tasks. However, not many of them investigated the method known as "collaborative translation protocols (CTPs)", which provides extensive material for the analysis of many linguistic aspects of the translation process.
The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quali... more The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quality of translation from the second language into the first (L1 translation) and translation from the first language into the second (L2 translation). The traditional view of directionality in translation studies completely neglects L2 translation, often qualifying it as impossible, inappropriate, etc. However, various studies conducted in European countries indicate that this type of translation is not only possible but highly needed, especially in the countries where less disseminated languages or languages of limited diffusion (LLDs) are spoken. The paper will first present the traditional standpoints and then provide the opposite views followed by the analysis of both types of translation. The results of this study show that both L1 and L2 translations are possible and that both directions include certain difficulties.
The paper explores the existence of cognitive linguistics principles in translation of emotion-re... more The paper explores the existence of cognitive linguistics principles in translation of emotion-related metaphorical expressions. Cognitive linguists (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Lakoff, 1987) define metaphor as a mechanism used for understanding one conceptual domain, target domain, in terms of another conceptual domain, source domain, through sets of correspondences between these two domains. They also claim that metaphor is omnipresent in ordinary discourse. Cognitive linguists, however, also realized that certain metaphors can be recognized and identified in different languages and cultures whereas some are language- and culture-specific. This paper focuses on similarities and variations in metaphors which have recently become popular within the discipline of Translation Studies. Transferring and translating metaphors from one language to another can represent a challenge for translators due to a multi-faceted process of translation including both linguistic and non-linguistic elemen...
Many scholars have so far attempted to answer the question as to what constitutes translation com... more Many scholars have so far attempted to answer the question as to what constitutes translation competence. In doing so, it has been established that this competence requires a combination of various types of knowledge and skills, which consequently results in the complexity of the matter. It is precisely this complexity that has yielded in a number of approaches to defining and analyzing translation competence, which is considered to be a number one prerequisite for a successful professional in this field.Since many scholars who study translation competence agree that it is most effectively developed at an academic institution, modern language faculties that educate future translators and interpreters need to adapt their curricula so as to increase students’ translation competence and skills. This article looks at one of the possible ways in which translation classes have been designed in order to pursue this goal. It explores students’ perceptions on the presence of a native English...
International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication, 2016
The present paper surveys the development and the current position of community interpreting (CI)... more The present paper surveys the development and the current position of community interpreting (CI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), by providing an insight into the emergence of this "out of necessity" concept. The paper is a reflection of the origins and major features of the profession, from the perspective of active participants in this process. Since the research in this field practically does not exist in BiH, the paper attempts to highlight the fundamentals of the profession, fields of practice, professional organizations and training opportunities. The paper portrays the historical background of CI in the context of BiH, trying to capture the interpreting activities and the accompanying practicalities both in the conflict (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995) and post-conflict periods. CI in BiH is mainly performed my semi-and non-professionals, due to the fact that education and training institutions for community interpreters are traditionally non-existent in this country. The paper brings a historical paradigm into the emergence of the interpreting profession and its inherently embedded international character in BiH. The study of CI may not have such a long tradition as other disciplines, but has immensely gained in popularity in recent decades, particularly in the context of ever-growing interest by scholars. The paper follows these recent global trends aiming at contributing to a more comprehensive research in the field in the context of BiH, highlighting the importance of CI in the evolving society challenged by the newly-emerging social phenomena.
Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 2016
In the context of English as a global language, and Netspeak as a new electronic medium of commun... more In the context of English as a global language, and Netspeak as a new electronic medium of communication, the present paper examines the linguistic properties and distinctive features of online communication in postponed time, bearing in mind that synchronicity is one of the dimensions upon which electronic communication can be categorised. This corpus-based study, for which data were collected from several Internet sites, places particular focus on the features of English used in asynchronous settings. The analysis, based on the model proposed by David Crystal ( ), portrays a number of highly distinctive features of Netspeak, proving an immense impact of thethis type of commucniation in terms of graphology (emoticons, punctuation) and the lexicon (blending, compounding), these being areas where it is relatively easy to introduce both innovation (nonce formation and other ludic Netspeak extensions) and deviation (abbreviations, acronyms).
There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and pr... more There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and process-oriented ones (Kussmaul 1995: 5). While the first primarily deals with the results of the translation process, the processoriented approach provides an insight into the cognitive aspect of the translation process itself. There have been numerous studies into various forms of process-oriented tasks. However, not many of them investigated the method known as "collaborative translation protocols (CTPs)", which provides extensive material for the analysis of many linguistic aspects of the translation process.
This paper aimed to investigate metaphorical images used by master’s students in order to gain an... more This paper aimed to investigate metaphorical images used by master’s students in order to gain an insight into their schemata for thinking about the process of master’s thesis writing. Semistructured interviews on the topic of master’s thesis writing with three students coming from humanities, social sciences and natural sciences served as a corpus from which the data were extracted. The paper analysed participants’ unconscious use of metaphorical language in their narratives, mirroring their perception of the thesis writing process. The results revealed that the participants’ personal experience revolves around the concept of journey as the central image they share and the journey metaphor, along with a group of related specific metaphors, serves to illustrate the complexity of the writing process itself.
Error Analysis for Achieving Meaningful Translation
Key words:error analysis, meaningful translation ABSTRACT There seems to be a growing awareness a... more Key words:error analysis, meaningful translation ABSTRACT There seems to be a growing awareness all over the world in translation studies, which are not faced with misunderstanding and opposition. According to Kussmaul (1995: 5), there are two approaches in teaching translation, product-oriented and process-oriented ones. The product-oriented approach includes error analysis and translation quality assessment. Errors are first described, then the reasons for them are found and finally the solutions are given to prevent them. However, error analysis must be taken with precautions. Making errors must be seen as a way of productive way of making students aware of all the obstacles that they may face while doing translation. This paper deals with the analysis of students' errors (those frequent and less frequent ones) and their transformation into knowledge necessary for successful and meaningful translation.
Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E, Dec 26, 2023
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a country rich in history and culture, has for centuries been at th... more Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a country rich in history and culture, has for centuries been at the crossroads between the West and the East, which has resulted in quite a mixture of cross-cultural elements that pose many obstacles for translators. As the issues of tourism-language translation have been relatively underexplored in BiH, this article attempts to investigate the extent to which the translators of tourismrelated content available online succeeded in making the local color of architecture-related terms accessible to foreign visitors. The article also examines whether the issue of accessibility of local color was addressed adequately by local translators. Many formal and informal online sources were used for the selection of prominent cultural terms and their English translations, which were analyzed in terms of Pavlović T. & Hadžiahmetović Jurida, S. (2023). Bosnia and Herzegovina tourism online: (In)accessibility of local color relating to architecture terms.
Morphology is the study of internal structure of composite words, namely the elements needed to f... more Morphology is the study of internal structure of composite words, namely the elements needed to form syntactic groups or sentences (Dirven et al, 2004 : 55). Thus, the formation of composite words is called word formation (Dirven et al, 2004: 55). Booij (2007: 23) points out that the goal of morphology is to describe and analyse languages of the world as accurately and as insightfully as possible, claiming that the word morphology can in this way be used in two ways. Thus, the term morphology may refer to a subdiscipline of linguistics and to that part of the grammar of the language that contains the rules for inflection and word-formation, i.e. the word grammar (Booij, 2007: 23). Furthermore, Booij (2007: 24) proposes that morphology has as its aim to provide a better understanding and insight of how linguistic rules function in language perception and production, and how the linguistic knowledge is mentally represented. Given the frequent use of compounds in English, many authors have dealt with various word formation processes, focusing on compounding as highly productive . Fabb (2017) defines a compound as a word consisting of two or more words, and claims that such compounds go through phonological and morphological processes. In a prototypical compound, according to Fabb, both parts are independently attached as words (ibid.). In this case, Fabb proposes that in English there are words which can be combined into an independently attached word plus another morpheme which is not an independently attached word, but at the same time does not appear to be an affix, such as in the examples church-goer, ironmonger, television,or cranberry. Furthermore, Plag (2018) points out that there are compounds which are made of four, five or even more elements or words (i.e. university teaching award committee member). Moreover, he highlights the fact that a number of new words may be frequently added to an existing compound to form a new one. Plag (2018) exemplifies this by providing the noun compound university teaching award committee member training. This property of compounding is called recursivity (ibid.).
The article contributes to the discussion of writing at the master's level by investigating metap... more The article contributes to the discussion of writing at the master's level by investigating metaphors underlying the process of writing a master's thesis from the perspective of graduate students. The analysis focuses on the use of metaphors in semi-structured interviews conducted with graduate students who defended their thesis and reflected on the whole process. Their metaphor use is non-elicited and this rhetorical device is spontaneously used showing that thesis writers conceptualize their research and all it entails in metaphorical terms to a significant extent. Despite the fact that thesis writers themselves were not encouraged to pay attention to or use metaphorical language, their narratives reveal the interplay of metaphors when describing the writing process.
There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and pr... more There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and process-oriented ones (Kussmaul 1995: 5). While the first primarily deals with the results of the translation process, the processoriented approach provides an insight into the cognitive aspect of the translation process itself. There have been numerous studies into various forms of process-oriented tasks. However, not many of them investigated the method known as "collaborative translation protocols (CTPs)", which provides extensive material for the analysis of many linguistic aspects of the translation process.
The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quali... more The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quality of translation from the second language into the first (L1 translation) and translation from the first language into the second (L2 translation). The traditional view of directionality in translation studies completely neglects L2 translation, often qualifying it as impossible, inappropriate, etc. However, various studies conducted in European countries indicate that this type of translation is not only possible but highly needed, especially in the countries where less disseminated languages or languages of limited diffusion (LLDs) are spoken. The paper will first present the traditional standpoints and then provide the opposite views followed by the analysis of both types of translation. The results of this study show that both L1 and L2 translations are possible and that both directions include certain difficulties.
There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and pr... more There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and process-oriented ones (Kussmaul 1995: 5). While the first primarily deals with the results of the translation process, the processoriented approach provides an insight into the cognitive aspect of the translation process itself. There have been numerous studies into various forms of process-oriented tasks. However, not many of them investigated the method known as "collaborative translation protocols (CTPs)", which provides extensive material for the analysis of many linguistic aspects of the translation process.
The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quali... more The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quality of translation from the second language into the first (L1 translation) and translation from the first language into the second (L2 translation). The traditional view of directionality in translation studies completely neglects L2 translation, often qualifying it as impossible, inappropriate, etc. However, various studies conducted in European countries indicate that this type of translation is not only possible but highly needed, especially in the countries where less disseminated languages or languages of limited diffusion (LLDs) are spoken. The paper will first present the traditional standpoints and then provide the opposite views followed by the analysis of both types of translation. The results of this study show that both L1 and L2 translations are possible and that both directions include certain difficulties.
The paper explores the existence of cognitive linguistics principles in translation of emotion-re... more The paper explores the existence of cognitive linguistics principles in translation of emotion-related metaphorical expressions. Cognitive linguists (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Lakoff, 1987) define metaphor as a mechanism used for understanding one conceptual domain, target domain, in terms of another conceptual domain, source domain, through sets of correspondences between these two domains. They also claim that metaphor is omnipresent in ordinary discourse. Cognitive linguists, however, also realized that certain metaphors can be recognized and identified in different languages and cultures whereas some are language- and culture-specific. This paper focuses on similarities and variations in metaphors which have recently become popular within the discipline of Translation Studies. Transferring and translating metaphors from one language to another can represent a challenge for translators due to a multi-faceted process of translation including both linguistic and non-linguistic elemen...
Many scholars have so far attempted to answer the question as to what constitutes translation com... more Many scholars have so far attempted to answer the question as to what constitutes translation competence. In doing so, it has been established that this competence requires a combination of various types of knowledge and skills, which consequently results in the complexity of the matter. It is precisely this complexity that has yielded in a number of approaches to defining and analyzing translation competence, which is considered to be a number one prerequisite for a successful professional in this field.Since many scholars who study translation competence agree that it is most effectively developed at an academic institution, modern language faculties that educate future translators and interpreters need to adapt their curricula so as to increase students’ translation competence and skills. This article looks at one of the possible ways in which translation classes have been designed in order to pursue this goal. It explores students’ perceptions on the presence of a native English...
International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication, 2016
The present paper surveys the development and the current position of community interpreting (CI)... more The present paper surveys the development and the current position of community interpreting (CI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), by providing an insight into the emergence of this "out of necessity" concept. The paper is a reflection of the origins and major features of the profession, from the perspective of active participants in this process. Since the research in this field practically does not exist in BiH, the paper attempts to highlight the fundamentals of the profession, fields of practice, professional organizations and training opportunities. The paper portrays the historical background of CI in the context of BiH, trying to capture the interpreting activities and the accompanying practicalities both in the conflict (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995) and post-conflict periods. CI in BiH is mainly performed my semi-and non-professionals, due to the fact that education and training institutions for community interpreters are traditionally non-existent in this country. The paper brings a historical paradigm into the emergence of the interpreting profession and its inherently embedded international character in BiH. The study of CI may not have such a long tradition as other disciplines, but has immensely gained in popularity in recent decades, particularly in the context of ever-growing interest by scholars. The paper follows these recent global trends aiming at contributing to a more comprehensive research in the field in the context of BiH, highlighting the importance of CI in the evolving society challenged by the newly-emerging social phenomena.
Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 2016
In the context of English as a global language, and Netspeak as a new electronic medium of commun... more In the context of English as a global language, and Netspeak as a new electronic medium of communication, the present paper examines the linguistic properties and distinctive features of online communication in postponed time, bearing in mind that synchronicity is one of the dimensions upon which electronic communication can be categorised. This corpus-based study, for which data were collected from several Internet sites, places particular focus on the features of English used in asynchronous settings. The analysis, based on the model proposed by David Crystal ( ), portrays a number of highly distinctive features of Netspeak, proving an immense impact of thethis type of commucniation in terms of graphology (emoticons, punctuation) and the lexicon (blending, compounding), these being areas where it is relatively easy to introduce both innovation (nonce formation and other ludic Netspeak extensions) and deviation (abbreviations, acronyms).
There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and pr... more There are two generally accepted approaches to research into translation: product-oriented and process-oriented ones (Kussmaul 1995: 5). While the first primarily deals with the results of the translation process, the processoriented approach provides an insight into the cognitive aspect of the translation process itself. There have been numerous studies into various forms of process-oriented tasks. However, not many of them investigated the method known as "collaborative translation protocols (CTPs)", which provides extensive material for the analysis of many linguistic aspects of the translation process.
This paper aimed to investigate metaphorical images used by master’s students in order to gain an... more This paper aimed to investigate metaphorical images used by master’s students in order to gain an insight into their schemata for thinking about the process of master’s thesis writing. Semistructured interviews on the topic of master’s thesis writing with three students coming from humanities, social sciences and natural sciences served as a corpus from which the data were extracted. The paper analysed participants’ unconscious use of metaphorical language in their narratives, mirroring their perception of the thesis writing process. The results revealed that the participants’ personal experience revolves around the concept of journey as the central image they share and the journey metaphor, along with a group of related specific metaphors, serves to illustrate the complexity of the writing process itself.
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Papers by Tanja Pavlović