Papers by Tadeusz Graczyk
Polymers, 2021
The paper presents a method of obtaining composite cellulose fibres (CEL) doped with graphene oxi... more The paper presents a method of obtaining composite cellulose fibres (CEL) doped with graphene oxide (GO) and the influence of GO nanoparticles on the structure and properties of the obtained fibres. Composite fibres (GO/CEL) were prepared using wet method from 5% CEL solutions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) containing GO (0; 0.21; 0.50; 0.98; 1.97% w/w) dispersion in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The fibres were coagulated in distilled water and methanol. Optical microscopy allowed us to demonstrate a good degree of GO additive dispersion in the CEL matrix. Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which indicated interactions between the matrix and the additive. Strength tests have shown that GO/CEL fibres are characterised by high values of elongation at break (7.7–19.5%) and tenacity (~133–287 [MPa]). The obtained composite fibres are characterized by good biocidal properties against Gram-negative bacte...
PRZEGLĄD WŁÓKIENNICZY - WŁÓKNO, ODZIEŻ, SKÓRA, 2016
1. Opracowanie ze środkow MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na dzialalnośc upowszechniającą nauke.
Polimery
High temperature (HT) bath method was used to produce the flame-retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) fiber... more High temperature (HT) bath method was used to produce the flame-retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers, analogous to dyeing using dispersed dyes. The modification process was carried out in a bath containing flame-retardant and a surfactant (dispersant). An ecological commercial product-so-called soda water-glass, i.e., aqueous sodium silicate solution (WG)-was used as flame-retardant. The resulting flame-retardant effect was evaluated on the basis of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) method. The thermal properties of the examined fibers were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Basic mechanical testing of fibers was also performed. Fiber burning residues were characterized on the basis of photographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Changes in the supermolecular structure of PA6 fibers after the modification were discussed using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). As a result of the proposed modification of PA6 fibers a small but sustained increase in the flame-retardant effect was obtained.
Polimery
In this study, flame retardant modification of partially oriented (POY, partially oriented yarn) ... more In this study, flame retardant modification of partially oriented (POY, partially oriented yarn) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET POY) fibers were applied using a high temperature bath method similar to dyeing fibers with disperse dyes. The flame retardant modifier used in this work-water-glass (WG)-was commercially available technical product. The flammability of fibers was evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) method. Samples of the modified fibers were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Effect of the flame retardant on change in the supermolecular structure of PET POY fibers was evaluated using wide-and small-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS and SAXS). As a result of the applied modification, PET POY fibers were provided with effective and durable flame retardant properties. Also noteworthy is the relatively low cost and simplicity of applying the proposed technology.
Materials, 2021
Graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO), due to... more Graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO), due to their properties, have been enjoying great interest for over two decades, particularly in the context of additive manufacturing (AM) applications in recent years. High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) is a polymer used in 3D printing technology due to its high dimensional stability, low cost, and ease of processing. However, the ongoing development of AM creates the need to produce modern feedstock materials with better properties and functionality. This can be achieved by introducing reduced graphene oxide into the polymer matrix. In this study, printable composite filaments were prepared and characterized in terms of morphology and thermal and mechanical properties. Among the obtained HIPS/rGO composites, the filament containing 0.5 wt% of reduced graphene oxide had the best mechanical properties. Its tensile strength increased from 19.84 to 22.45 MPa, for pure HIPS and HIPS-0.5, respectivel...
Engineering of Biomaterials, 2013
In this work the process for the manufacture of polycaprolactone fibres containing hydroxyapatite... more In this work the process for the manufacture of polycaprolactone fibres containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles by melt spinning method was develo- ped. The effect of nanohydroxyapatite content on the fibre structure and properties was investigated with FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA methods. The mechanical properties of obtained fibres enable further processing to scaffolds by nonwoven technologies.
Polimery, 2017
The aim of this research was to study what happens to polylactide (PLA) fibers when they are rele... more The aim of this research was to study what happens to polylactide (PLA) fibers when they are released to wastewater systems. Samples of PLA fibers were immersed in activated sludge and subjected to typical activated sludge treatment in mesophilic (36 °C) and thermophilic (56 °C) conditions for up to 4 weeks. The characteristics of the surface and cross-sections of PLA fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing the settlement of the microorganisms on the surface of PLA fibers immersed in sludge and also the erosion of the material with time. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis provided information on small changes in the crystalline structure of PLA fibers, and the results of tensile tests proved only partial degradation of PLA material treated in the activated sludge system during the processing time. The study confirmed that the standard processing of wastewater in the activated sludge system, in both mesophilic and thermophilic variants, is insufficient for the biodegradation of PLA. Therefore, PLA microplastics can be released from wastewater treatment plants.
Inżynieria Ekologiczna, 2017
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licens... more Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under license by Materials Research Forum LLC.
PRZEGLĄD WŁÓKIENNICZY - WŁÓKNO, ODZIEŻ, SKÓRA, 2016
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2016
In this study, flame-retardant poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres were produced using a hi... more In this study, flame-retardant poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres were produced using a hightemperature bath method similar to dyeing fibres with disperse dyes. A mixture of aqueous solutions of silicon and phosphorus compounds was used as the flame retardant. Samples of the modified fibres were examined by thermogravimetric analysis. The residue left after limited oxygen index test was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Effect of the flame retardant on changing the supermolecular structure of PET fibres was evaluated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties of the modified PET fibres as compared with standard fibres were also examined.
Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2015
The paper presented is concerned with studies of a supermolecular structure and its transformatio... more The paper presented is concerned with studies of a supermolecular structure and its transformation during the process of drawing new composite microfibres obtained from isotactic polypropylene (iPP)-as a matrix and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) used as the filler. The nanostructure of iPP/MWCNT microfibres as spun and after drawing at a temperature of 95°C was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods.
Polimery, 2014
The poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers of improved flammability were investigated. The mod... more The poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers of improved flammability were investigated. The modification applied to classic PET fibers consisted in a wet flame-retardant treatment of the fabrics during the dyeing process. In this study we took an attempt to describe the supermolecular structure of the flame retardant PET fibers with different content of the modifier as a function of a temperature of the flame retardant finishing process and additionally the structure transformation during the ageing process. To evaluate the crystalline structure of fibers differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray scattering measurements (WAXS) were used.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2013
Presented study is a part of structural project devoted to elaborating the basis of manufacturing... more Presented study is a part of structural project devoted to elaborating the basis of manufacturing technology of L-lactide-glycolide-trimethylene carbonate polymer system-a novel full biodegradable and resorbable shapememory polymers. In this paper we took an attempt to describe the transformation of structure of studied shapememory terpolymers under the influence of the process of biodegradation that occurred in time of implantation samples using first of all the differential scanning calorimetry and supplementary-the wide angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. After a 5-year-period of ageing the distinct increase of crystallinity of fibres was found.
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Papers by Tadeusz Graczyk