Papers by Tubosun Olowolafe
PAMJ one health, Dec 31, 2022
Scientific African, Jul 1, 2019
The paucity of information on the age at which Forced Sexual Act (FSA) among women occur and the ... more The paucity of information on the age at which Forced Sexual Act (FSA) among women occur and the factors affecting the timings in Africa necessitated this study. We assessed the timing of first FSA and its prognostic factors among women in three African countries. We used sexual violence data of 18,528 women aged 15-49 years who participated in Zimbabwe (2011), Kenya (2014), and Cote d'Ivoire (2014) demographic and health surveys. The time of first FSA was censored as the current age of women who had not experienced FSA. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard model were used at p = 0.05. The proportion who had ever experienced FSA was 13.9%, 21.7% & 27.2% while median time to FSA was 17, 20 & 18 years in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Cote d'Ivoire respectively. The highest (41.8%) lifetime prevalence of forced sexual act was among divorced/separated women in Cote D'Ivoire. Women aged 15-19 years had earlier risk of FSA: Kenya (aHR = 3.60 (95% CI:2.43-5.34)), Zimbabwe (aHR = 2.91 (95% CI:2.32-3.65)), and Cote d'Ivoire (aHR = 2.72 (95% CI:2.22-3.33)) than women aged 40-49 years. Other significant prognostic factors of time of FSA are marital status, place of residence, employment status, religion, wealth index, and education. There are generational shifts in timing of first forced sexual act among women with girls born in the 1990s becoming victims at earlier ages than those born in the 1960s and 1970s. There is a need for a multi-sectoral approach to reduce the prevalence and halt the negative trend in forced sexual act in Africa.
PubMed, Mar 1, 2023
There is disparity in fertility level across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Deeper uunder... more There is disparity in fertility level across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Deeper uunderstanding about the drivers of fertility trends are necessary to prioritize zonal specific strategies for fertility reduction in Nigeria. Thus, this study examined the proximate determinants (PDs) of fertility and decomposed the change in its level across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. Data from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003 and 2018 were analyzed. Fertility data were based on the report of full birth history from women of reproductive age. The Revised Bongaarts framework was used to estimate PDs and fertility levels. The contribution of each PDs to the observed changes in fertility levels was quantified using Das Gupta's five- factor decomposition method. The Total fertility rate (TFR) in 2003 and 2008 across the zones are South-South (5.04 vs 4.36), South-West (4.88 vs 4.26), North West (7.25 vs 6.85), North East (6.87 vs 6.54), North Central (5.72 vs 5.48), South East (5.06 vs 4.86), Nigeria (6.00 vs 5.59). Across the zones, there was a change in the fertility inhibiting effect of Contraception (Cc) between 2003 and 2018. The fertility inhibiting effect of Postpartum Infecundability (Ci) and Abortion was the highest and smallest respectively across the zones. Delayed sexual exposure (Cm) and contraceptive use (Cc) contributed the most to the change across the regions. The percentage contribution of Cm in South-South, South West, and South East was 87.04%, 52.89%, and 172.85% respectively. Furthermore, most of the fertility change observed in North Central was attributable to Cc. Abortion index was not an important inhibiting factor of fertility in Nigeria. Delayed sexual exposure and contraceptive use accounted for the largest change observed in fertility levels across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria between 2003 and 2018. Strategies that promote delayed sexual exposure, contraceptive use and breast feeding practices will enhance fertility transition in Nigeria.
PLOS ONE
Background Nigeria’s population is projected to increase from 200 million in 2019 to 450 million ... more Background Nigeria’s population is projected to increase from 200 million in 2019 to 450 million in 2050 if the fertility level remains at the current level. Thus, we examined the shifts in the age pattern of fertility, timing of childbearing and trend in fertility levels from 2003 and 2018 across six regions of Nigeria. Method This study utilised the 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey datasets. Each survey was a cross-sectional population-based design, and a two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select women aged 15–49 years. The changes in the timing of childbearing were examined by calculating the corresponding mean ages at the birth of different birth orders for each birth order separately to adjust the Quantum effect for births. The Gompertz Relational Model was used to examine the age pattern of fertility and refined fertility level. Result In Nigeria, it was observed that there was a minimal decline in mean children ever born (CEB) bet...
Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
Background Emerging evidence from high income countries showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had... more Background Emerging evidence from high income countries showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on population and reproductive health behaviour. This study provides a sub-Saharan Africa perspective by documenting the social consequences of COVID-19 and its relationship to fertility preference stability and modern contraceptive use in Nigeria. Method We analysed panel data collected by Performance Monitoring for Action in Nigeria. Baseline and Follow-up surveys were conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak (November 2019-February 2020) and during the lockdown respectively (May-July 2020). Analysis was restricted to married non-pregnant women during follow-up (n = 774). Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models were employed to explore the relationship between selected social consequences of COVID-19 and fertility preferences stability (between baseline and follow-up) as well as modern contraceptives use. Results Reported social consequences of the pandemic...
Pan African Medical Journal
The Routledge Handbook of African Demography, 2021
Background: High level of fertility has been consistently reported in Nigeria. Women education is... more Background: High level of fertility has been consistently reported in Nigeria. Women education is often identified as one of the important factors that have contributed to reduction in fertility across countries. It is essential to identify the factors that explain the fertility variation in educational status and know the extent of association of these factors across the regions in Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to examine the fertility differentials among uneducated and educated women in Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based design which involved secondary data analyses of the weighted sample of 2003 (n1=7620), 2008 (n2=33385), 2013 (n3=38948) and 2018 (n4=41821) Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data sets was used. Fertility was measured from information on the full births history of women aged 15-49 years. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was used to identify factors that explain fertility differentials among educated and not educate women (α=0.05).Result: Total f...
African Population Studies, 2018
Context: Nigeria is one of the countries yet to undergo demographic transition in sub-Saharan Afr... more Context: Nigeria is one of the countries yet to undergo demographic transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This study provided estimates of childhood and Adult mortality across geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data Source and Method: The parameters used in this study were estimated from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Child and adult mortality were estimated using Brass logit system and siblings survival method respectively and then linked using the logit life tables. Heligman pollard model was used to generate estimates of probability of death. Findings: There were regional variations in the levels of infant and under-five mortality in Nigeria, mortality was highest in the North West and least in South West. Survivorship probabilities decreased as age increased. The age patterns of childhood and adult mortality were similar across all regions. Life expectancy from birth in Nigeria was 58 years. Conclusion: The estimated mortality rates were high and varied across the regions ...
Public Health Research, 2019
Background: High rate of unintended pregnancy (UPr) and childbearing among young women have alway... more Background: High rate of unintended pregnancy (UPr) and childbearing among young women have always been reported in Nigeria. This study assessed the level of UPr and childbearing among unmarried out-of-school young women living in urban slums in Kosofe Local Government Area, Lagos metropolis, South-West, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique to select 372 unmarried out-of-school young women (10-24 years). Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Atlas Ti and logistic regression model (α=0.05). Results: Mean age and mean age at first sexual intercourse of the women was 18.9±2.8 years, and 16.9±2.1 years respectively. About 32.1% have had at least a child, 29% reported ever had an UPr, 13.3% had induced abortion, 2.9% had ever had miscarriage, and 13% are currently pregnant. Visit to health facility, age, knowledge of ovulation, and who the respondent lives with ...
BackgroundThere is disparity in fertility level across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Dee... more BackgroundThere is disparity in fertility level across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Deeper uunderstanding about the drivers of fertility trends are necessary to prioritize zonal specific strategies for fertility reduction in Nigeria. Thus, this study examined the proximate determinants (PDs) of fertility and decomposed the change in its level across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria.MethodData from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003 and 2018 were analyzed. Fertility data were based on the report of full birth history from women of reproductive age. The Revised Bongaarts framework was used to estimate PDs and fertility levels. The contribution of each PDs to the observed changes in fertility levels was quantified using Das Gupta’s five- factor decomposition method.ResultAcross the zones, there was a change in the fertility inhibiting effect of Contraception (Cc) between 2003 and 2018. The fertility inhibiting effect of Postpartum Infecundability (Ci) and Ab...
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2018
Background: Maternal mortality in Liberia is one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Post-partu... more Background: Maternal mortality in Liberia is one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Post-partum family planning (PPFP) can reduce the risk of maternal mortality by preventing unwanted and closely spaced pregnancies. Yet, the uptake of PPFP is low in Liberia. Objective: We investigated the barriers to acceptance of PPFP use among women in Montserrado County, Liberia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional facility-based survey was conducted using a multistage sampling technique to select 378 women within 12 months' post-partum period. Results: About half of our respondents were <25 years (52.9%), 24.1% were married, 66.4% had at least secondary education and 92.1% were Christians. The most commonly reported barriers were the fear of side effects (22.0%) and the post-partum abstinence (22.2%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that being within the early post-partum period, i.e., within the first 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.09–0.60] and lack of access to PPFP [AOR = 0.22, 95% CI [0.09–0.52]). Importantly, women who were married [AOR = 1.686, 95% CI (0.65, 4.36)] and those who were aware of PPFP [AOR 3.69, 95% CI (1.224, 11.096)] increased the likelihood of using PPFP. Conclusion: Important barriers to the utilisation of PPFP in Liberia were being within early post-partum period, lack of access and awareness of PPFP including myths and misconception. Therefore, health communication targeting mothers for PPFP at every contact with maternal and childcare services should be encouraged.
Scientific African, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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Papers by Tubosun Olowolafe