In 1990, when I was a young academician, I presented a talk at the International Conference on th... more In 1990, when I was a young academician, I presented a talk at the International Conference on the Computerized Cytology and Histopathology Laboratory entitled, “Fixation of Specimens for Quantitative DNA Analysis by Slide-Based Fuelgen Microspectrometry.”1 I had done some simple, basic work that pointed out the problems of not taking fixation and specimen preparation into account. I did not consider it to be a particularly exciting topic. However, a lasting impression was made upon me by the kind and positive comments by Dr. Leo Koss about the importance of my paper and others like it that focused upon validating one of the “first steps” in marker studies: choosing the optimal specimen preparation and fixation, and defining the variables related to those processes. Dr. Koss talked about the many published papers touting a correlation with some clinical condition that were useless because the variables of specimen preparation and fixation had not been taken into account. The next year, at the 10th International Congress of Cytology, Buenos Aires, I gave another presentation,2 which Dr. William Johnston, the moderator, called “elegant.” My co-authors and I had discovered a pitfall in methenamine silver stain that could result in a false negative when looking for Pneumocystis carinii. The problem was resolved by using a Pneumocystis control instead of a fungal control; the former previously was not thought to be necessary. We discovered that Pneumocystis stains inconsistently, and when the fungal control stains lightly, one cannot be sure whether any Pneumocystis in the test specimen will stain. We wondered whether the few previous reports of negative Grocottmethenamine-silver in the face of positive, foamy alveolar casts (FACs) had in fact been due to staining failures rather than the purported nonspecificity of FACs. This was a seemingly picky little point that could make a great difference in how a case was interpreted or mistakenly belittle the importance of the finding of FAC in a clinical specimen. The paper by Shidham et al in this issue, “Methods of Cytologic Smear Preparation and Fixation: Effect on the Immunoreactivity of Commonly Used Anticytokeratin Antibody AE1/AE3,” is another one of those simple-yet-elegant basic studies that are so important to building the foundation upon which other more exciting and clinically useful findings can be made. The authors found that the stain intensity and proportion of cells staining were affected to variable degrees by the method of smear preparation and fixation used. In their study, saline-rehydrated air-dried smears postfixed in alcoholic formalin yielded optimal results similar to those with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and smears wet fixed in 95% ethanol. The lowest intensity and proportion scores were obtained with air-dried smears that were postfixed with ethanol/acetic acid without saline rehydration. It follows that if clinical or diagnostic decisions are based upon negative or positive immunochemical results, inadvertently choosing a suboptimal method of smear preparation or fixation could have important consequences. The authors point out in their discussion that immunostaining can be affected by other smear preparation and fixation variables, such as the length of time an air-dried smear sits before immunostaining, and that saline rehydration itself, while producing optimum results for AE1/AE3 antigen, may yield false negative results with other immunomarkers of different molecular size or solubility. The bottom line is that before a valid determination can be made that the presence or absence of a particular antigen correlates with some clinical con-
It is aimed to search women's fear of crime living in Northern Cyprus in terms of various variabl... more It is aimed to search women's fear of crime living in Northern Cyprus in terms of various variables such as age, education, income, marital status, residence. Beside these variables, effects of victimization model and disorder model which are assumed to stimulate women's fear of crime, are also observed. Questionnaire that was formed by the researcher was applied to 366 women who were 18+ and had Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) citizenship around five districts-Nicosia, Kyrenia, Famagusta, Morphou, İskele-of TRNC. According to research results, while women's fear of crime level in TRNC was found as 35 out of 64, the maximum level of women's fear of crime was found in Nicosia and Famagusta. It is found that these two districts have had maximum physical and social disorder factors and those factors have increased women's fear of crime according to disorder model. As a second model in this research, it is found that victimization model has not had any effect on women's fear of crime living in Northern Cyprus. While age, education and marital status have not had a significant impact on women's fear of crime on this sample, residence and income have had.
Suç ve suçluluk konusundaki çalışmalar suçun, ya §, medeni hal, eğitim durumu, meslek, yedqim yer... more Suç ve suçluluk konusundaki çalışmalar suçun, ya §, medeni hal, eğitim durumu, meslek, yedqim yeri, siyasal ve ekonomik dalgalanm alar, coğrafikoşullar gibi bir çok faktöre bağlı olarak değişiklikler gösterdiğini kanıtlaml §tlr. Bu faktödere ek olarak, günümüzde suç türleri, suçun i §leniş biçimi ve suç sebepleri ile ili §kisi yönünden üzerinde sıklıkla durulan bir ba §ka değiş~en de, cinsiyettir. Suç, toplumdan topluma zaman içinde nitelik ve nicelik olarak farklı görünümler arzetmektedir. Kentleşme ve sanayileşme süreci içinde sosyal yapıda bir çok deği §meler meydana gelmektedir. Ailede meydana gelen değişmeler sosyoekonomik ve kültürel deği §melerin sadece bir kısmıdır. Kırdan kente göç, nüfus artı §ı, sanayile §me, kent hayatıill kompleks bir hale getirmiş, samimi, yüzyüze ilişkiler büyük ölçüde formal ili §kilerle yer deği §tirmi §tir. Sosyal baskı ve kontrol, bu karma §ık yapı içinde etkisini giderek daha az hissettirir olmu~tur. SOSYAL YAPılçINDE KADININ KONUMU Kırsal kesimde, özellikle Ataerkil aile yapısında, kız çocukları ve kadınlar erkeklere kıyasla daha sıkı kontrol altındadıdar ve ev dı §ındaki problemlerden büyükölçüde uzakta tutularak korunmaktadırlar. Kadından beklenen ise, her §eyden önce iyi bir eş ve anne olmasıdır. Gerek eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi ve meslek sahibi olması sonucu, gerekse ekonomik zaruretler dolayısıyla, kadının da: ev dışında ücretli çalı §ması durumu aile içi ili §kileri büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir. Kadının, ev ve aile sınırlarının dışına çıkarak, iş hayatında aktif hale gelmesi, onu ayru zamanda daha önce mümkün olduğunca uzak * Hacettepe üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyoloji Bölümü Öğretim üyesi.
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2009
The main aim of this research is to develop a profile of a thief. Through a comprehensive survey ... more The main aim of this research is to develop a profile of a thief. Through a comprehensive survey of property crime suspects arrested in the city of Ankara between 2004 and 2005, the authors have attempted to determine the socioeconomic qualities of those involved in these forms of property crimes. Results of the study show that property crimes are a consequence of low education, lack of occupational skills, and alcohol and drug addiction on the part of the offenders. Because of these factors, theft becomes a way of life for offenders after their first act of property crime.
Economic inequality is one of the major reasons for current migration issues for both individuals... more Economic inequality is one of the major reasons for current migration issues for both individuals and nations. Other significant reasons are threatening environment, natural disasters (drought, scarce resources, earthquake, etc.) and epidemic illnesses. Countries try to achieve their large-scale development plans and service plans so that international capital flows and service and goods are imported and exported as well as information exchange and migration of workforce are experienced. Certain crime types have gained a global character as a result of new world order accompained by globalisation and it moves between countries. Both illegal migration and international workers without work permit are among such crime types. This study aims to identify the reasons for foreign people who came Istanbul, leading to have their profiles. Another aim of the study is to analyse the position of people from the former Communist countries that are relatively new established as a result of new world order of 1990's and that are experiencing a process of adoptation to the capitalist economy.
There are many factors that make "illegal migration" become one of the greatest problems of the c... more There are many factors that make "illegal migration" become one of the greatest problems of the contemporary world. The most significant ones of these factors are economic inequality, states' incompetence in securing their peoples' lives, political turmoils and acts of violence. No matter they are the source or target countries, all nations are in search of possible national and multinational solutions against the issue of illegal migration, illegal immigrant and refugee that chronically deliver great deal of problems. In conjunction with illegal immigration, another problematic phonemenon is revelaed: Foreign juvenile delinquency. Both illegally entered a country and involved in criminality, foreign juvenile delinquency is like a double edged dagger stabbed in the very heart of metropolitan areas. In this regard, foreign juvenile delinquency can be defined as a social problem which is affected by large-scale social events and transformations such as economic crisis, wars and political conflicts. The aim of this study is to introduce a general profile of the foreign juveniles that entered Turkey either legally or illegally and committed a crime and arrested by law enforcers in Istanbul. Files of 1130 juveniles who committed judicial or administrative crimes are compiled and examined from 2007 to the first four months of 2009.
Domestic violence in general terms, refers to incidents in which one of the family members violen... more Domestic violence in general terms, refers to incidents in which one of the family members violently acts against to another member. It may occur between spouses, between parents and children, between children or between children and grandparents. However, the most frequent type of domestic violence is between male and female partners. Since "family" is the fundamental element of society, the reasons of domestic violence must be well-understood in order to implement correct precautions against it. The aim of this study is to provide an evaluation of domestic violence in the city of Zonguldak. In this respect, some important previous studies, and some remarkable statistics on Zonguldak are reviewed firstly. Upon that, domestic violence cases in Zonguldak city between 2009 and 2011 are investigated retrospectively.
Illegal migration is an impalpable phenomenon with complicated dimensions. Thousands of people le... more Illegal migration is an impalpable phenomenon with complicated dimensions. Thousands of people leave their homelands every year due to a number of reasons such as civil wars, terrorism, economic difficulties, and social oppressions. With their flexible modus operandi, migrant smugglers benefit from individuals or groups that wish to immigrate for a more comfortable life. In order to reach a complete perception of illegal migration one needs to draw an accurate profile of migrant smugglers. At this end, data collection from both smugglers as perpetrators and illegal migrants as the object of the smuggling process provides important information for a holistic definition of "smugglers". In this study researchers interviewed 262 illegal migrants and 174 smugglers captured in Istanbul from 2007 to 2013 in order to identify and develop a profile of migrant smugglers and understand the operating methods of illegal migration organizations. The collected data were analyzed and important results on illegal migrant smugglers were reached.
In 1990, when I was a young academician, I presented a talk at the International Conference on th... more In 1990, when I was a young academician, I presented a talk at the International Conference on the Computerized Cytology and Histopathology Laboratory entitled, “Fixation of Specimens for Quantitative DNA Analysis by Slide-Based Fuelgen Microspectrometry.”1 I had done some simple, basic work that pointed out the problems of not taking fixation and specimen preparation into account. I did not consider it to be a particularly exciting topic. However, a lasting impression was made upon me by the kind and positive comments by Dr. Leo Koss about the importance of my paper and others like it that focused upon validating one of the “first steps” in marker studies: choosing the optimal specimen preparation and fixation, and defining the variables related to those processes. Dr. Koss talked about the many published papers touting a correlation with some clinical condition that were useless because the variables of specimen preparation and fixation had not been taken into account. The next year, at the 10th International Congress of Cytology, Buenos Aires, I gave another presentation,2 which Dr. William Johnston, the moderator, called “elegant.” My co-authors and I had discovered a pitfall in methenamine silver stain that could result in a false negative when looking for Pneumocystis carinii. The problem was resolved by using a Pneumocystis control instead of a fungal control; the former previously was not thought to be necessary. We discovered that Pneumocystis stains inconsistently, and when the fungal control stains lightly, one cannot be sure whether any Pneumocystis in the test specimen will stain. We wondered whether the few previous reports of negative Grocottmethenamine-silver in the face of positive, foamy alveolar casts (FACs) had in fact been due to staining failures rather than the purported nonspecificity of FACs. This was a seemingly picky little point that could make a great difference in how a case was interpreted or mistakenly belittle the importance of the finding of FAC in a clinical specimen. The paper by Shidham et al in this issue, “Methods of Cytologic Smear Preparation and Fixation: Effect on the Immunoreactivity of Commonly Used Anticytokeratin Antibody AE1/AE3,” is another one of those simple-yet-elegant basic studies that are so important to building the foundation upon which other more exciting and clinically useful findings can be made. The authors found that the stain intensity and proportion of cells staining were affected to variable degrees by the method of smear preparation and fixation used. In their study, saline-rehydrated air-dried smears postfixed in alcoholic formalin yielded optimal results similar to those with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and smears wet fixed in 95% ethanol. The lowest intensity and proportion scores were obtained with air-dried smears that were postfixed with ethanol/acetic acid without saline rehydration. It follows that if clinical or diagnostic decisions are based upon negative or positive immunochemical results, inadvertently choosing a suboptimal method of smear preparation or fixation could have important consequences. The authors point out in their discussion that immunostaining can be affected by other smear preparation and fixation variables, such as the length of time an air-dried smear sits before immunostaining, and that saline rehydration itself, while producing optimum results for AE1/AE3 antigen, may yield false negative results with other immunomarkers of different molecular size or solubility. The bottom line is that before a valid determination can be made that the presence or absence of a particular antigen correlates with some clinical con-
It is aimed to search women's fear of crime living in Northern Cyprus in terms of various variabl... more It is aimed to search women's fear of crime living in Northern Cyprus in terms of various variables such as age, education, income, marital status, residence. Beside these variables, effects of victimization model and disorder model which are assumed to stimulate women's fear of crime, are also observed. Questionnaire that was formed by the researcher was applied to 366 women who were 18+ and had Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) citizenship around five districts-Nicosia, Kyrenia, Famagusta, Morphou, İskele-of TRNC. According to research results, while women's fear of crime level in TRNC was found as 35 out of 64, the maximum level of women's fear of crime was found in Nicosia and Famagusta. It is found that these two districts have had maximum physical and social disorder factors and those factors have increased women's fear of crime according to disorder model. As a second model in this research, it is found that victimization model has not had any effect on women's fear of crime living in Northern Cyprus. While age, education and marital status have not had a significant impact on women's fear of crime on this sample, residence and income have had.
Suç ve suçluluk konusundaki çalışmalar suçun, ya §, medeni hal, eğitim durumu, meslek, yedqim yer... more Suç ve suçluluk konusundaki çalışmalar suçun, ya §, medeni hal, eğitim durumu, meslek, yedqim yeri, siyasal ve ekonomik dalgalanm alar, coğrafikoşullar gibi bir çok faktöre bağlı olarak değişiklikler gösterdiğini kanıtlaml §tlr. Bu faktödere ek olarak, günümüzde suç türleri, suçun i §leniş biçimi ve suç sebepleri ile ili §kisi yönünden üzerinde sıklıkla durulan bir ba §ka değiş~en de, cinsiyettir. Suç, toplumdan topluma zaman içinde nitelik ve nicelik olarak farklı görünümler arzetmektedir. Kentleşme ve sanayileşme süreci içinde sosyal yapıda bir çok deği §meler meydana gelmektedir. Ailede meydana gelen değişmeler sosyoekonomik ve kültürel deği §melerin sadece bir kısmıdır. Kırdan kente göç, nüfus artı §ı, sanayile §me, kent hayatıill kompleks bir hale getirmiş, samimi, yüzyüze ilişkiler büyük ölçüde formal ili §kilerle yer deği §tirmi §tir. Sosyal baskı ve kontrol, bu karma §ık yapı içinde etkisini giderek daha az hissettirir olmu~tur. SOSYAL YAPılçINDE KADININ KONUMU Kırsal kesimde, özellikle Ataerkil aile yapısında, kız çocukları ve kadınlar erkeklere kıyasla daha sıkı kontrol altındadıdar ve ev dı §ındaki problemlerden büyükölçüde uzakta tutularak korunmaktadırlar. Kadından beklenen ise, her §eyden önce iyi bir eş ve anne olmasıdır. Gerek eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi ve meslek sahibi olması sonucu, gerekse ekonomik zaruretler dolayısıyla, kadının da: ev dışında ücretli çalı §ması durumu aile içi ili §kileri büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir. Kadının, ev ve aile sınırlarının dışına çıkarak, iş hayatında aktif hale gelmesi, onu ayru zamanda daha önce mümkün olduğunca uzak * Hacettepe üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyoloji Bölümü Öğretim üyesi.
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2009
The main aim of this research is to develop a profile of a thief. Through a comprehensive survey ... more The main aim of this research is to develop a profile of a thief. Through a comprehensive survey of property crime suspects arrested in the city of Ankara between 2004 and 2005, the authors have attempted to determine the socioeconomic qualities of those involved in these forms of property crimes. Results of the study show that property crimes are a consequence of low education, lack of occupational skills, and alcohol and drug addiction on the part of the offenders. Because of these factors, theft becomes a way of life for offenders after their first act of property crime.
Economic inequality is one of the major reasons for current migration issues for both individuals... more Economic inequality is one of the major reasons for current migration issues for both individuals and nations. Other significant reasons are threatening environment, natural disasters (drought, scarce resources, earthquake, etc.) and epidemic illnesses. Countries try to achieve their large-scale development plans and service plans so that international capital flows and service and goods are imported and exported as well as information exchange and migration of workforce are experienced. Certain crime types have gained a global character as a result of new world order accompained by globalisation and it moves between countries. Both illegal migration and international workers without work permit are among such crime types. This study aims to identify the reasons for foreign people who came Istanbul, leading to have their profiles. Another aim of the study is to analyse the position of people from the former Communist countries that are relatively new established as a result of new world order of 1990's and that are experiencing a process of adoptation to the capitalist economy.
There are many factors that make "illegal migration" become one of the greatest problems of the c... more There are many factors that make "illegal migration" become one of the greatest problems of the contemporary world. The most significant ones of these factors are economic inequality, states' incompetence in securing their peoples' lives, political turmoils and acts of violence. No matter they are the source or target countries, all nations are in search of possible national and multinational solutions against the issue of illegal migration, illegal immigrant and refugee that chronically deliver great deal of problems. In conjunction with illegal immigration, another problematic phonemenon is revelaed: Foreign juvenile delinquency. Both illegally entered a country and involved in criminality, foreign juvenile delinquency is like a double edged dagger stabbed in the very heart of metropolitan areas. In this regard, foreign juvenile delinquency can be defined as a social problem which is affected by large-scale social events and transformations such as economic crisis, wars and political conflicts. The aim of this study is to introduce a general profile of the foreign juveniles that entered Turkey either legally or illegally and committed a crime and arrested by law enforcers in Istanbul. Files of 1130 juveniles who committed judicial or administrative crimes are compiled and examined from 2007 to the first four months of 2009.
Domestic violence in general terms, refers to incidents in which one of the family members violen... more Domestic violence in general terms, refers to incidents in which one of the family members violently acts against to another member. It may occur between spouses, between parents and children, between children or between children and grandparents. However, the most frequent type of domestic violence is between male and female partners. Since "family" is the fundamental element of society, the reasons of domestic violence must be well-understood in order to implement correct precautions against it. The aim of this study is to provide an evaluation of domestic violence in the city of Zonguldak. In this respect, some important previous studies, and some remarkable statistics on Zonguldak are reviewed firstly. Upon that, domestic violence cases in Zonguldak city between 2009 and 2011 are investigated retrospectively.
Illegal migration is an impalpable phenomenon with complicated dimensions. Thousands of people le... more Illegal migration is an impalpable phenomenon with complicated dimensions. Thousands of people leave their homelands every year due to a number of reasons such as civil wars, terrorism, economic difficulties, and social oppressions. With their flexible modus operandi, migrant smugglers benefit from individuals or groups that wish to immigrate for a more comfortable life. In order to reach a complete perception of illegal migration one needs to draw an accurate profile of migrant smugglers. At this end, data collection from both smugglers as perpetrators and illegal migrants as the object of the smuggling process provides important information for a holistic definition of "smugglers". In this study researchers interviewed 262 illegal migrants and 174 smugglers captured in Istanbul from 2007 to 2013 in order to identify and develop a profile of migrant smugglers and understand the operating methods of illegal migration organizations. The collected data were analyzed and important results on illegal migrant smugglers were reached.
Crime and Poverty Interaction (Case of Isparta Prison)
Crime is an act punishable by law. In ... more Crime and Poverty Interaction (Case of Isparta Prison)
Crime is an act punishable by law. In a society there are lots of facts that affect crime. Particularly poverty and low income are assumed as the considerable fact of crime against property. Notable researches proved that poverty is the most significant effect that causes crime against poverty.
In December 2005 we conducted a survey within 110 male and 10 female prisoners in Isparta E Type Prison in order to find out the interaction between crime and poverty. On this survey, totally 27 questions were asked to figure out the demographical, economical and criminal characteristics of prisoners. Findings were evaluated for the purpose of expressing interaction between crime and poverty.
Key words: crime, crime and poverty, crime against property, prison researches.
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Papers by Tülin İçli
Crime is an act punishable by law. In a society there are lots of facts that affect crime. Particularly poverty and low income are assumed as the considerable fact of crime against property. Notable researches proved that poverty is the most significant effect that causes crime against poverty.
In December 2005 we conducted a survey within 110 male and 10 female prisoners in Isparta E Type Prison in order to find out the interaction between crime and poverty. On this survey, totally 27 questions were asked to figure out the demographical, economical and criminal characteristics of prisoners. Findings were evaluated for the purpose of expressing interaction between crime and poverty.
Key words: crime, crime and poverty, crime against property, prison researches.