The main aim of this study is to determine formulation, Development and Optimization of novel nan... more The main aim of this study is to determine formulation, Development and Optimization of novel nanoemulsion formulation and treatment of frostbite injury with the fractional dose of Mimosa pudica leaves. Materials Ibuprofen as active ingredient was collected from the Merck Specialities private Ltd. Oleic acid and glycerol, and PEG 400, was collected from the Merck Specialities Private Ltd, Ethanol was collected from China, (Changshu Yangyuan Chemicals), Petroleum ether parches from the Merck Specialities private Ltd, Extract Raw material Mimosa pudica was collected from the Azara, Guwahati local area and air dried and powered the leaves. Nanoemulsion prepared by high pressure homogenization method. Characterization of Nanoemulsion was done to determine the thermodynamic Stability, Dynamic Light Scattering Spectrophotometer, Zeta Potential, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Drug Content, Viscosity Measurement and in-vitro drug released. It shows as good characteristic of nanoemulsion and can be predicted particle range from 200 to 252 nm. Zeta potential conductivity 0.0910 mV to 0.00363 mS/ Cm found for nanoemulsion formulation. Apart from these SEM and TEM was carried out which shows very small particle and well distribution. Irritation and antinflammatory done by direct applying the formulation topically and observed for 15 to 20 days.
The different extracts of the bark of Tecoma stans Linn. (Bignoniaceae) was evaluated for its wou... more The different extracts of the bark of Tecoma stans Linn. (Bignoniaceae) was evaluated for its wound healing potential in two different types of wound models in albino rats viz., incision and excision. The different extracts of Tecoma stans are obtained by successive soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. The methanolic extract showed significant increase in wound contraction and formation of scar in
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Jul 27, 2007
The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the meth... more The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the methanol extract of Heracleum nepalense D.Don roots. Method: The antimicrobial effect was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion method. The free radical scavenging potential was studied by using different antioxidants models of screening using vitamin E (5mM) as standard. Results: The crude methanol extract of H.nepalense root was found to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the extract showed similar activity against these organisms. Similarly, the methanol extract at 1000 µg. ml-1 and the ethyl acetate fraction at 50 µg. ml-1 exhibited significant antioxidant activity in ferrous sulphate induced lipid peroxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide scavenging models. Conclusions: The study confirms the possible antioxidant and antimicrobial potentiality of the plant extract. Presence of flavonoid alone or in combination with its other components could be responsible for the activity.
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, May 5, 2017
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas Plukenetii Spren... more Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas Plukenetii Spreng (family-laminaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the herb Leucas Plukenetiispreng (family-laminaceae) was prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method. Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant Leucas Plukenetii Spreng. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Leucas Plukenetii Spreng contains the high presence of phytochemicals. The ethnaolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, May 5, 2017
Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvu... more Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) along with preliminary phytochemical analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the herb Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungus using agar well diffusion method. Results: The present experiment shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the plant Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae). Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. Conclusion: It can be concluded ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) contain the high presence of phytochemicals. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, May 5, 2017
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of Basella alba L. var. rubr... more Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart (family-basellaceae) along with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stems of the herb Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart (family-basellaceae) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method. Results: The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out and it revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, terpene, saponin. The presence of these bioactive constituents is associated with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. The extract solvated by ethanol showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria namely E. coli, S. aureus, and fungi namely Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. The study showed that the extract has a marked Sensitivity towards antibacterial strains namely E. coli, S. aureus, and antifungal strain namely Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Conclusion: The present study concluded ethanolic extract of stem of the Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) Stewart revels many phytochemicals such as carbohydrate, tenin, saponin etc. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
Background and Objectives: Onion (Allium cepa L.) possesses aromas and flavours, which have made ... more Background and Objectives: Onion (Allium cepa L.) possesses aromas and flavours, which have made them one of important ingredients of food. In addition, recent publications have reported that onion and its extract have many biological properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. Yellow and White Sweet Spanish onions belonging to Amaryllidaceae, are cultivated all over Iran as a condiment, vegetable, and medicinal herbs. In present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of outer and inner layers were investigated in two hybrid onion bulbs; Yellow and White Sweet Spanish. Materials and Methods: Cultivation of plant material consisting two cultivars was performed in Isfahan experimental farm 32°38′27.6″N, 51°46′50.3″E, Iran. In order to assess of sample antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents were estimated for the various fractions. In vitro antioxidant potential of scales onion extracts was evaluated using the scavenging activity for DPPH. Furthermore, this extract was investigated for its ability to provide protection from DNA damage. Disk diffusion and micro-well dilution as some antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals extracted from onion layers were evaluated against seven bacteria and four fungi. Results: Evaluation results of onion extract biological properties showed that aqueous extract of outer layer had the highest antioxidant activity comparison inner layers. However, extract from Yellow Sweet Spanish onion had more phenolic, flavonoid, radical scavenging activities on DPPH. Thereupon, aqueous extract from outer layers of Yellow Sweet Spanish extract showed the most ability to protection against DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Extracts of inner layers of Yellow Sweet Spanish had more inhibition zone and lower MIC and MMC, for all microorganisms. Conclusions: This study showed that aqueous extract of outer and inner layers of both onion lumps (Yellow and White Sweet Spanish) had antioxidant activity and inner layers of extract had antimicrobial activity. It should be noted that extract of outer layer onions had the highest antioxidant properties but no antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the aqueous extract of Yellow and White Sweet Spanish onions might be a valuable food additive and can be used as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant additives for incorporating in various food products.
The aim of the study is to isolate and characterization of bioconstituent present in methanolic e... more The aim of the study is to isolate and characterization of bioconstituent present in methanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. tuber and also evaluate the cardioprotective property of the extract as well as isolated compound from the extract. The bioactive constituent flavonoid was isolated from methanolic extract through flash chromatography technique by using solvent system ethyl acetate and methanol. The chemical structure of compound was confirmed on the basis of spectroscopy analysis and identified as 2-(3′, 4′-dihydroxy phenyl)-3,5,7trihydroxy chromen 4-one. Administration of Mirabilis jalapa extract in higher dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. and isolated compound to doxorubicin-intoxicated rats demonstrated prominent reduction in serum biomarker enzymes, normalization of serum lipid profiles. Also, significant modulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), endogenous non-enzymatic (GSH) and enzymatic (SOD and CAT) antioxidant and detoxification systems compared to doxorubicin control rats. This was achieved due to presence of flavonoid in the methanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. tuber.
Molineria recurvata (MR) has been traditionally used to manage diabetes mellitus in India. Howeve... more Molineria recurvata (MR) has been traditionally used to manage diabetes mellitus in India. However, the molecular mechanism of MR on the diabetic-induced nephropathy has not been clearly investigated. Thus, this study investigates the protective effects of the MR extract on nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was instigated by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Once the diabetes was successfully induced, the MR extract (200 mg/kg/day) or metformin (200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 14 days. Renal function, morphology changes and levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. Blood glucose concentrations were considerably reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats following treatment with the MR extract. The administration of the MR extract substantially restored the abnormal quantity of the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde, glutathione, oxidized glutat...
Parkia javanica (Lamk.) Merr. is an ethnomedicinal leguminous plant species from northeastern Ind... more Parkia javanica (Lamk.) Merr. is an ethnomedicinal leguminous plant species from northeastern India with a long history of medicinal use among various tribes of this region to treat cholera, dysentery, stomach aches, diarrhea and food poisoning, having antibacterial, wound-healing, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this current study, the methanolic bark extract was carried out and fractionated by using flash chromatography, examined the cytotoxicity of the respective fractions on colon cancer cell lines, and evaluated the major phytochemical compounds present in the fractions using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) chemical profiling. Chemical profiling of the fractions by GC-MS revealed in fraction-1 and -2, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was the major compound (50.740% in fraction-1, 21.277% in fraction-2, and 7.859% in fraction-3) having reported anticancer activity. The gradation of the presence of this compound in the fractions was corroborated by ...
The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparat... more The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparations of zidovudine using ethyl cellulose as the retardant material with high entrapment efficiency and extended release. Microspheres were prepared by water-in-oil-in-oil (w/o/o) double emulsion solvent diffusion method. A mixed solvent system (MSS) consisting of acetonitrile and dichloromethane in a 1:1 ratio and light liquid paraffin were chosen as primary and secondary oil phases, respectively. Span 80 was used as the surfactant for stabilizing the secondary oil phase. The prepared microspheres were white, free flowing and spherical in shape and characterized by drug loading, infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies were performed using PH 7.4 phosphate buffer. The drug loaded microspheres showed 41-55% of entrapment and release was extended up to 18-20 h. The infrared spectra and DSC and DTA thermograms showed stable character of zidovudine in the drug loaded microspheres and revealed the absence of drug-polymer interactions. SEM studies showed that the microspheres are spherical and porous in nature. Data obtained from in vitro release were fitted to various kinetic models and high correlation was obtained in the Higuchi model. The drug release was found to be diffusion controlled.
The expense and complications in new drug entities have increased since last 3 decades, with conc... more The expense and complications in new drug entities have increased since last 3 decades, with concomitant recognition of the therapeutic advantages of controlled drug delivery. So focus has been given on development of sustained or controlled release drug delivery systems. Bilayer tablet is new novel of tablet for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. For promoting patient convenience and compliance pharmaceutical industries interested in developing a combination of two or more API’s in a single dosage form. Bilayer tablet is improved beneficial technology to overcome the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. Bilayer tablets can be a primary option to avoid chemical incompatibilities between API by physical separation, and to enable the development of different drug release profiles using DUREDAS technology (immediate release with extended release/ both layer extended release)....
Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines, 2021
Therapeutic interest in targeting cancer metabolism has become emerging in recent years. However,... more Therapeutic interest in targeting cancer metabolism has become emerging in recent years. However, a very few numbers of molecules has been identified as a potential modulator of cancer cell metabolism and are in the investigation. Therefore discovery and development of potent and selective drugs from natural sources like plants, marine organisms, or invertebrates are very essential to check the global health disaster because of cancer. To address these emerging complications potential leads from the natural origin are a judicious choice of interest. An organized and summarized evidence concerning cancer cell metabolic proteins and natural lead molecules against cancer cell metabolism with an emphasis on molecular/cellular mechanism(s) is crucial in a single podium. This chapter precisely discusses the antimetabolic potential of natural lead molecules and their mechanisms of action (MOA) against cancer cell metabolism. This complete review on different molecular mechanisms of bioacti...
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and other problems associated with combination therapy ... more Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and other problems associated with combination therapy have generated a considerable interest in the search for alternative therapeutic agents. In order to identify novel sources of such agents, the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea was investigated against 30 clinical strains of H. pylori and a reference strain NCTC 11638 using standard microbiological techniques. Metronidazole and amoxicillin were included in these experiments as positive control antibiotics. The active phytocomponents were detected by TLC and indirect bioautography. All the extracts exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition between 0 and 21 mm. The acetone and aqueous extracts showed potent anti-H. pylori activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 90) values ranging from 0.06e2.50 mg/mL, whereas those for the control antibiotics ranged from 0.001e5.0 mg/mL. The acetone extract was highly bactericidal at 1.2 mg/mL with complete elimination of the organisms within 18 h. The activity of both acetone and aqueous extracts was better than metronidazole (p !0.05). Most of the active phytocomponents were located in the acetone extract; R f #0.62 with O90% inhibition. These results demonstrate that the acetone and aqueous extracts of S. birrea may contain compounds with therapeutic activity; therefore, they may represent potential sources of new anti-H. pylori regimen.
Development and statistical optimization of mucoadhesive drug delivery system of famotidine using... more Development and statistical optimization of mucoadhesive drug delivery system of famotidine using hibiscus esculentus polysaccharide.
The presentstudy was aimed to formulate and evaluate oral mucoadhesive drug deliverysystem of pur... more The presentstudy was aimed to formulate and evaluate oral mucoadhesive drug deliverysystem of purified Hibiscus esculentusL polysaccharide (HEP) using famotidine as model drug. A centralcomposite design for 2 factors at 3 levels each was employed to evaluate theeffect of critical variables i.e. concentration of HEP and PVP K30 on drugrelease and mucoadhesive properties of the formulated tablets. FT-IRspectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry was carried out to evaluatedrug polymer interaction. Formulated tablets were evaluated for physicalproperties, drug release characteristic and physical stability. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion study using goatgastric mucosa was carried out to ascertain the mucoadhesion potential offormulated tablets.The responsesurface analysis clearly indicated the dominating effect of HEP on mucoadhesivestrength, mucoadhesion time and dissolution half life, while PVP K30 has anadditive effect on all afore mentioned responses. The drug release from thematrix ta...
Studies on the reaction of popular rice cultivars against rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinal... more Studies on the reaction of popular rice cultivars against rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) and various aspects of morphological characters of popular rice cultivars of coastal plains of Odisha together was conducted for kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 at farmers field and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Research unit. It is one of the most serious pest in rice production. It is expensive and environmentally unsafe to manage this serious pest by using chemicals. Best approach to manage this pest is to develop host-plant resistance. Ten popular rice genotypes were screened for resistance to rice leaf folder. Varietal preference of rice leaf folder among ten popular rice varieties was analysed during kharif 2015 and 2016 at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAT and the per cent of leaf folder damage, the varieties were given ratings according to Standard Evaluation System (IRRI)'s for rice (scale of 0-9). All the ten varieties come under two different ratings i.e., nine varieties under a rating of 3 (Moderately resistance) and one varieties under a rating of 5 (moderately susceptible). The lowest damage was recorded in PRATIKSHYA(ORS-201-5) (14.9%) followed by Pooja (15.7%), Anjana(15.9%),which was on par with Surendra (16.1),CR-1018(16.7%),CR-1009(16.7%) and MTU-1001(16.9%).The highest damage was observed in MTU-7029 (31.00%) followed by SWARNA SUB-1 (29.03%).The correlation coefficient (r) values between Morphological characters and per cent leaf damage by the rice leaf folder during 2015-2016 kharif and 2016-17 indicated that the length of the leaf did not affect the infestation of rice leaf folder significantly, but all the other factors showed significant correlation with leaf folder infestation, whereas positive significant correlation was observed with leaf width.
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
The aim of the study to established the standard monograph in respect of pharmacognostical, physi... more The aim of the study to established the standard monograph in respect of pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. tuberous root. The parameters were investigated as per the procedure mentioned in World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Morphological characters showed that the roots are conical in shape, fleshy, healthy upper part followed by narrow at the end, branched, presence of buds on the surface, externally brown to dark grey in colour and internally whitish to buffed in colour, taste is slightly sweetest without any odour. Microscopically, the tuberous root showed the presence of Epidermis, cortex, collateral vascular bundle, medullary rays, phloem fibres, acicular crystal of calcium oxalate, starch grain, meta-xylem, proto-xylem etc. In phytochemical analysis the tuberous root extracts shown the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides. Physicoche...
The main aim of this study is to determine formulation, Development and Optimization of novel nan... more The main aim of this study is to determine formulation, Development and Optimization of novel nanoemulsion formulation and treatment of frostbite injury with the fractional dose of Mimosa pudica leaves. Materials Ibuprofen as active ingredient was collected from the Merck Specialities private Ltd. Oleic acid and glycerol, and PEG 400, was collected from the Merck Specialities Private Ltd, Ethanol was collected from China, (Changshu Yangyuan Chemicals), Petroleum ether parches from the Merck Specialities private Ltd, Extract Raw material Mimosa pudica was collected from the Azara, Guwahati local area and air dried and powered the leaves. Nanoemulsion prepared by high pressure homogenization method. Characterization of Nanoemulsion was done to determine the thermodynamic Stability, Dynamic Light Scattering Spectrophotometer, Zeta Potential, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Drug Content, Viscosity Measurement and in-vitro drug released. It shows as good characteristic of nanoemulsion and can be predicted particle range from 200 to 252 nm. Zeta potential conductivity 0.0910 mV to 0.00363 mS/ Cm found for nanoemulsion formulation. Apart from these SEM and TEM was carried out which shows very small particle and well distribution. Irritation and antinflammatory done by direct applying the formulation topically and observed for 15 to 20 days.
The different extracts of the bark of Tecoma stans Linn. (Bignoniaceae) was evaluated for its wou... more The different extracts of the bark of Tecoma stans Linn. (Bignoniaceae) was evaluated for its wound healing potential in two different types of wound models in albino rats viz., incision and excision. The different extracts of Tecoma stans are obtained by successive soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. The methanolic extract showed significant increase in wound contraction and formation of scar in
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Jul 27, 2007
The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the meth... more The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the methanol extract of Heracleum nepalense D.Don roots. Method: The antimicrobial effect was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion method. The free radical scavenging potential was studied by using different antioxidants models of screening using vitamin E (5mM) as standard. Results: The crude methanol extract of H.nepalense root was found to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the extract showed similar activity against these organisms. Similarly, the methanol extract at 1000 µg. ml-1 and the ethyl acetate fraction at 50 µg. ml-1 exhibited significant antioxidant activity in ferrous sulphate induced lipid peroxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide scavenging models. Conclusions: The study confirms the possible antioxidant and antimicrobial potentiality of the plant extract. Presence of flavonoid alone or in combination with its other components could be responsible for the activity.
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, May 5, 2017
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas Plukenetii Spren... more Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas Plukenetii Spreng (family-laminaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the herb Leucas Plukenetiispreng (family-laminaceae) was prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method. Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant Leucas Plukenetii Spreng. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms. Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Leucas Plukenetii Spreng contains the high presence of phytochemicals. The ethnaolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, May 5, 2017
Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvu... more Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) along with preliminary phytochemical analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the herb Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungus using agar well diffusion method. Results: The present experiment shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the plant Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae). Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. Conclusion: It can be concluded ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) contain the high presence of phytochemicals. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, May 5, 2017
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of Basella alba L. var. rubr... more Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart (family-basellaceae) along with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stems of the herb Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart (family-basellaceae) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method. Results: The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) stewart. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out and it revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, terpene, saponin. The presence of these bioactive constituents is associated with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. The extract solvated by ethanol showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria namely E. coli, S. aureus, and fungi namely Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. The study showed that the extract has a marked Sensitivity towards antibacterial strains namely E. coli, S. aureus, and antifungal strain namely Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Conclusion: The present study concluded ethanolic extract of stem of the Basella alba L. var. rubra (L.) Stewart revels many phytochemicals such as carbohydrate, tenin, saponin etc. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
Background and Objectives: Onion (Allium cepa L.) possesses aromas and flavours, which have made ... more Background and Objectives: Onion (Allium cepa L.) possesses aromas and flavours, which have made them one of important ingredients of food. In addition, recent publications have reported that onion and its extract have many biological properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. Yellow and White Sweet Spanish onions belonging to Amaryllidaceae, are cultivated all over Iran as a condiment, vegetable, and medicinal herbs. In present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of outer and inner layers were investigated in two hybrid onion bulbs; Yellow and White Sweet Spanish. Materials and Methods: Cultivation of plant material consisting two cultivars was performed in Isfahan experimental farm 32°38′27.6″N, 51°46′50.3″E, Iran. In order to assess of sample antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents were estimated for the various fractions. In vitro antioxidant potential of scales onion extracts was evaluated using the scavenging activity for DPPH. Furthermore, this extract was investigated for its ability to provide protection from DNA damage. Disk diffusion and micro-well dilution as some antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals extracted from onion layers were evaluated against seven bacteria and four fungi. Results: Evaluation results of onion extract biological properties showed that aqueous extract of outer layer had the highest antioxidant activity comparison inner layers. However, extract from Yellow Sweet Spanish onion had more phenolic, flavonoid, radical scavenging activities on DPPH. Thereupon, aqueous extract from outer layers of Yellow Sweet Spanish extract showed the most ability to protection against DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Extracts of inner layers of Yellow Sweet Spanish had more inhibition zone and lower MIC and MMC, for all microorganisms. Conclusions: This study showed that aqueous extract of outer and inner layers of both onion lumps (Yellow and White Sweet Spanish) had antioxidant activity and inner layers of extract had antimicrobial activity. It should be noted that extract of outer layer onions had the highest antioxidant properties but no antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the aqueous extract of Yellow and White Sweet Spanish onions might be a valuable food additive and can be used as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant additives for incorporating in various food products.
The aim of the study is to isolate and characterization of bioconstituent present in methanolic e... more The aim of the study is to isolate and characterization of bioconstituent present in methanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. tuber and also evaluate the cardioprotective property of the extract as well as isolated compound from the extract. The bioactive constituent flavonoid was isolated from methanolic extract through flash chromatography technique by using solvent system ethyl acetate and methanol. The chemical structure of compound was confirmed on the basis of spectroscopy analysis and identified as 2-(3′, 4′-dihydroxy phenyl)-3,5,7trihydroxy chromen 4-one. Administration of Mirabilis jalapa extract in higher dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. and isolated compound to doxorubicin-intoxicated rats demonstrated prominent reduction in serum biomarker enzymes, normalization of serum lipid profiles. Also, significant modulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), endogenous non-enzymatic (GSH) and enzymatic (SOD and CAT) antioxidant and detoxification systems compared to doxorubicin control rats. This was achieved due to presence of flavonoid in the methanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa L. tuber.
Molineria recurvata (MR) has been traditionally used to manage diabetes mellitus in India. Howeve... more Molineria recurvata (MR) has been traditionally used to manage diabetes mellitus in India. However, the molecular mechanism of MR on the diabetic-induced nephropathy has not been clearly investigated. Thus, this study investigates the protective effects of the MR extract on nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was instigated by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Once the diabetes was successfully induced, the MR extract (200 mg/kg/day) or metformin (200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 14 days. Renal function, morphology changes and levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. Blood glucose concentrations were considerably reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats following treatment with the MR extract. The administration of the MR extract substantially restored the abnormal quantity of the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde, glutathione, oxidized glutat...
Parkia javanica (Lamk.) Merr. is an ethnomedicinal leguminous plant species from northeastern Ind... more Parkia javanica (Lamk.) Merr. is an ethnomedicinal leguminous plant species from northeastern India with a long history of medicinal use among various tribes of this region to treat cholera, dysentery, stomach aches, diarrhea and food poisoning, having antibacterial, wound-healing, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this current study, the methanolic bark extract was carried out and fractionated by using flash chromatography, examined the cytotoxicity of the respective fractions on colon cancer cell lines, and evaluated the major phytochemical compounds present in the fractions using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) chemical profiling. Chemical profiling of the fractions by GC-MS revealed in fraction-1 and -2, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was the major compound (50.740% in fraction-1, 21.277% in fraction-2, and 7.859% in fraction-3) having reported anticancer activity. The gradation of the presence of this compound in the fractions was corroborated by ...
The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparat... more The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparations of zidovudine using ethyl cellulose as the retardant material with high entrapment efficiency and extended release. Microspheres were prepared by water-in-oil-in-oil (w/o/o) double emulsion solvent diffusion method. A mixed solvent system (MSS) consisting of acetonitrile and dichloromethane in a 1:1 ratio and light liquid paraffin were chosen as primary and secondary oil phases, respectively. Span 80 was used as the surfactant for stabilizing the secondary oil phase. The prepared microspheres were white, free flowing and spherical in shape and characterized by drug loading, infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies were performed using PH 7.4 phosphate buffer. The drug loaded microspheres showed 41-55% of entrapment and release was extended up to 18-20 h. The infrared spectra and DSC and DTA thermograms showed stable character of zidovudine in the drug loaded microspheres and revealed the absence of drug-polymer interactions. SEM studies showed that the microspheres are spherical and porous in nature. Data obtained from in vitro release were fitted to various kinetic models and high correlation was obtained in the Higuchi model. The drug release was found to be diffusion controlled.
The expense and complications in new drug entities have increased since last 3 decades, with conc... more The expense and complications in new drug entities have increased since last 3 decades, with concomitant recognition of the therapeutic advantages of controlled drug delivery. So focus has been given on development of sustained or controlled release drug delivery systems. Bilayer tablet is new novel of tablet for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. For promoting patient convenience and compliance pharmaceutical industries interested in developing a combination of two or more API’s in a single dosage form. Bilayer tablet is improved beneficial technology to overcome the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. Bilayer tablets can be a primary option to avoid chemical incompatibilities between API by physical separation, and to enable the development of different drug release profiles using DUREDAS technology (immediate release with extended release/ both layer extended release)....
Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines, 2021
Therapeutic interest in targeting cancer metabolism has become emerging in recent years. However,... more Therapeutic interest in targeting cancer metabolism has become emerging in recent years. However, a very few numbers of molecules has been identified as a potential modulator of cancer cell metabolism and are in the investigation. Therefore discovery and development of potent and selective drugs from natural sources like plants, marine organisms, or invertebrates are very essential to check the global health disaster because of cancer. To address these emerging complications potential leads from the natural origin are a judicious choice of interest. An organized and summarized evidence concerning cancer cell metabolic proteins and natural lead molecules against cancer cell metabolism with an emphasis on molecular/cellular mechanism(s) is crucial in a single podium. This chapter precisely discusses the antimetabolic potential of natural lead molecules and their mechanisms of action (MOA) against cancer cell metabolism. This complete review on different molecular mechanisms of bioacti...
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and other problems associated with combination therapy ... more Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and other problems associated with combination therapy have generated a considerable interest in the search for alternative therapeutic agents. In order to identify novel sources of such agents, the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea was investigated against 30 clinical strains of H. pylori and a reference strain NCTC 11638 using standard microbiological techniques. Metronidazole and amoxicillin were included in these experiments as positive control antibiotics. The active phytocomponents were detected by TLC and indirect bioautography. All the extracts exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition between 0 and 21 mm. The acetone and aqueous extracts showed potent anti-H. pylori activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 90) values ranging from 0.06e2.50 mg/mL, whereas those for the control antibiotics ranged from 0.001e5.0 mg/mL. The acetone extract was highly bactericidal at 1.2 mg/mL with complete elimination of the organisms within 18 h. The activity of both acetone and aqueous extracts was better than metronidazole (p !0.05). Most of the active phytocomponents were located in the acetone extract; R f #0.62 with O90% inhibition. These results demonstrate that the acetone and aqueous extracts of S. birrea may contain compounds with therapeutic activity; therefore, they may represent potential sources of new anti-H. pylori regimen.
Development and statistical optimization of mucoadhesive drug delivery system of famotidine using... more Development and statistical optimization of mucoadhesive drug delivery system of famotidine using hibiscus esculentus polysaccharide.
The presentstudy was aimed to formulate and evaluate oral mucoadhesive drug deliverysystem of pur... more The presentstudy was aimed to formulate and evaluate oral mucoadhesive drug deliverysystem of purified Hibiscus esculentusL polysaccharide (HEP) using famotidine as model drug. A centralcomposite design for 2 factors at 3 levels each was employed to evaluate theeffect of critical variables i.e. concentration of HEP and PVP K30 on drugrelease and mucoadhesive properties of the formulated tablets. FT-IRspectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry was carried out to evaluatedrug polymer interaction. Formulated tablets were evaluated for physicalproperties, drug release characteristic and physical stability. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion study using goatgastric mucosa was carried out to ascertain the mucoadhesion potential offormulated tablets.The responsesurface analysis clearly indicated the dominating effect of HEP on mucoadhesivestrength, mucoadhesion time and dissolution half life, while PVP K30 has anadditive effect on all afore mentioned responses. The drug release from thematrix ta...
Studies on the reaction of popular rice cultivars against rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinal... more Studies on the reaction of popular rice cultivars against rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) and various aspects of morphological characters of popular rice cultivars of coastal plains of Odisha together was conducted for kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 at farmers field and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Research unit. It is one of the most serious pest in rice production. It is expensive and environmentally unsafe to manage this serious pest by using chemicals. Best approach to manage this pest is to develop host-plant resistance. Ten popular rice genotypes were screened for resistance to rice leaf folder. Varietal preference of rice leaf folder among ten popular rice varieties was analysed during kharif 2015 and 2016 at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAT and the per cent of leaf folder damage, the varieties were given ratings according to Standard Evaluation System (IRRI)'s for rice (scale of 0-9). All the ten varieties come under two different ratings i.e., nine varieties under a rating of 3 (Moderately resistance) and one varieties under a rating of 5 (moderately susceptible). The lowest damage was recorded in PRATIKSHYA(ORS-201-5) (14.9%) followed by Pooja (15.7%), Anjana(15.9%),which was on par with Surendra (16.1),CR-1018(16.7%),CR-1009(16.7%) and MTU-1001(16.9%).The highest damage was observed in MTU-7029 (31.00%) followed by SWARNA SUB-1 (29.03%).The correlation coefficient (r) values between Morphological characters and per cent leaf damage by the rice leaf folder during 2015-2016 kharif and 2016-17 indicated that the length of the leaf did not affect the infestation of rice leaf folder significantly, but all the other factors showed significant correlation with leaf folder infestation, whereas positive significant correlation was observed with leaf width.
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
The aim of the study to established the standard monograph in respect of pharmacognostical, physi... more The aim of the study to established the standard monograph in respect of pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. tuberous root. The parameters were investigated as per the procedure mentioned in World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Morphological characters showed that the roots are conical in shape, fleshy, healthy upper part followed by narrow at the end, branched, presence of buds on the surface, externally brown to dark grey in colour and internally whitish to buffed in colour, taste is slightly sweetest without any odour. Microscopically, the tuberous root showed the presence of Epidermis, cortex, collateral vascular bundle, medullary rays, phloem fibres, acicular crystal of calcium oxalate, starch grain, meta-xylem, proto-xylem etc. In phytochemical analysis the tuberous root extracts shown the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides. Physicoche...
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