... 290 Weijenberg, Dagg, Kampen Kalunda, Mailu, Ketema, Navarro, and Abdi Noor, Strengthening Na... more ... 290 Weijenberg, Dagg, Kampen Kalunda, Mailu, Ketema, Navarro, and Abdi Noor, Strengthening National Agricitltual Research Systems in Eastern and Central Africa ... 306 Muir and Saba, Improving State Enterprise Performance: The Role of Internal and External Incentives No. ...
Latin America is among the most urbanized regions of the world with relatively high motorization ... more Latin America is among the most urbanized regions of the world with relatively high motorization levels compared with the rest of the developing world. The automotive air pollution problem in Latin America is essentially a metropolitan problem, resulting from rapid and uncontrolled urban growth, increasing traffic congestion, inadequate urban transport infrastructure and services, and an aging and obsolete motor vehicle fleet. The problem is exacerbated by the vulnerable and sensitive physical location of the urban centers in the region. The paper discusses the size of the population in Latin America at risk, the magnitude of health costs associated with elevated levels of air pollution and the contribution of motor vehicles to the problem. The regional motorization characteristics and trends are analyzed, including certain similarities with industrialized countries. As some Latin American countries directed attention towards automotive air pollution long before other developing countries, there is a large body of practical and innovative pollution control experience in Brazil, Chile and Mexico from which other countries in the region could benefit.
The authors investigate the association between per capita income and the magnitude and quality o... more The authors investigate the association between per capita income and the magnitude and quality of road infrastructure. They adopt an empirical approach, directly comparing or correlating a countries income with selected variables associated with existing road networks. Cross-section analysis of data from 98 countries, and time series analysis of U.S. data since 1950, show consistent and significant associations between economic development (per capita GNP) and road infrastructure (per capita length of paved network). The data shows that the per capita stock of road infrastructure in high income economies is dramatically greater than in middle- and low-income economies. For instance, the average density of paved roads (km/million inhabitants) varies from 170 in low-income economies to 1,660 in middle-income and 10,110 in high-income economies. That is, the average density of paved roads in high-income economies is 59 times that in the low-income group. Road conditions also seem to b...
... 290 Weijenberg, Dagg, Kampen Kalunda, Mailu, Ketema, Navarro, and Abdi Noor, Strengthening Na... more ... 290 Weijenberg, Dagg, Kampen Kalunda, Mailu, Ketema, Navarro, and Abdi Noor, Strengthening National Agricitltual Research Systems in Eastern and Central Africa ... 306 Muir and Saba, Improving State Enterprise Performance: The Role of Internal and External Incentives No. ...
Latin America is among the most urbanized regions of the world with relatively high motorization ... more Latin America is among the most urbanized regions of the world with relatively high motorization levels compared with the rest of the developing world. The automotive air pollution problem in Latin America is essentially a metropolitan problem, resulting from rapid and uncontrolled urban growth, increasing traffic congestion, inadequate urban transport infrastructure and services, and an aging and obsolete motor vehicle fleet. The problem is exacerbated by the vulnerable and sensitive physical location of the urban centers in the region. The paper discusses the size of the population in Latin America at risk, the magnitude of health costs associated with elevated levels of air pollution and the contribution of motor vehicles to the problem. The regional motorization characteristics and trends are analyzed, including certain similarities with industrialized countries. As some Latin American countries directed attention towards automotive air pollution long before other developing countries, there is a large body of practical and innovative pollution control experience in Brazil, Chile and Mexico from which other countries in the region could benefit.
The authors investigate the association between per capita income and the magnitude and quality o... more The authors investigate the association between per capita income and the magnitude and quality of road infrastructure. They adopt an empirical approach, directly comparing or correlating a countries income with selected variables associated with existing road networks. Cross-section analysis of data from 98 countries, and time series analysis of U.S. data since 1950, show consistent and significant associations between economic development (per capita GNP) and road infrastructure (per capita length of paved network). The data shows that the per capita stock of road infrastructure in high income economies is dramatically greater than in middle- and low-income economies. For instance, the average density of paved roads (km/million inhabitants) varies from 170 in low-income economies to 1,660 in middle-income and 10,110 in high-income economies. That is, the average density of paved roads in high-income economies is 59 times that in the low-income group. Road conditions also seem to b...
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Papers by Surhid Gautam