SUMMARY Image classification is an important operation in remotely sensed data analysis. It invol... more SUMMARY Image classification is an important operation in remotely sensed data analysis. It involves the extraction of identified features and features of interest into themes or classes. The final map resulting from classification exercise is called thematic map. Both the raw data and final output ‐ thematic maps are susceptible to machine and human errors. Therefore, the level at which a classified map represents the reality it portrays remains uncertain until its accuracy is determined.Accuracy assessment is the measurement of the rate and level to which classified image agrees with the reference (ground) data it represents.Accuracy of any image classification may be tested in four different ways - field checks at selected points, map overlays, statistical analysis of numerical data, and using confusion matrix calculations. The confusion matrix is the most widely used measure of image classification accuracy assessment. It is a simple cross-tabulationof the mapped class label aga...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
The Insider Threat Detection(ISTD), is commonly referred to as the silent killer of organizations... more The Insider Threat Detection(ISTD), is commonly referred to as the silent killer of organizations. The impact is greatly felt because it is usually perpetrated by existing staff of the organization. This makes it very difficult to detect or can even go undetected. Several authors have researched into this problem but no best solution has been discovered. This study therefore considers the insider problem as a classification problem. It provides a lay man’s understanding of a typical classification problem as faced in the insider threat detection research scope. It then highlights five (5) commonly used binary classification algorithms, stating their strengths and weaknesses. This work will help researchers determine the appropriate algorithm to consider for the employee dataset available for classification.
One of the major problem which youth of nowadays are facing are exposure to television viewing wh... more One of the major problem which youth of nowadays are facing are exposure to television viewing which is wasting a lot of their time needed to do some other thing such as reading and development of their social behaviour and cultural integrity. The objectives of this paper are to examine the impact of television viewing in adolescents using software visualization pattern. This paper is developed based on data source collected from questionnaires and Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the questionnaire. The results were presented in a 2-Dimensional graphical representation using software visualization approach. It is observed that excessive use of electronic media (majorly the Television) among youth is resulting in conventional diminishing in the cultural and traditional virtues of the developing years of innocence grooming.
An insider, also regarded as an employee of a company, becomes a threat when the intention or act... more An insider, also regarded as an employee of a company, becomes a threat when the intention or action can affect the company negatively. Insider threat has been an eminent problem in organizations that has resulted in the loss of trust, confidential data and information. This study seeks to review current existing techniques to insider threat detection and also proffers machine learning technique as the way forward for insider threat detection.
Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Information Management and Engineering
Locks are effective control against intruders who may want to gain access to protected objects su... more Locks are effective control against intruders who may want to gain access to protected objects such as houses, cars, boxes, briefcases, and the likes. Control can be physical or procedural. The physical control still involves the use of locks, some of which have wheels that are calibrated from 0 to (n-1), where n is the number of digits on the kth wheel with k as the number of wheels. A k-wheel briefcase, with each wheel having n integer number of digits for example, will lead to nk keyspace, in which one of the key combination is the right one for opening the object. This paper identified the flaws associated with the design of locks and then propose a method based on the cryptanalysis of the keyspace to generate the key combination for opening an object with k-wheel locks and at the same time recommended further actions that can forestalled masquerades from opening objects having k-wheel locks by increasing the keyspace. In addition, the use of irregular wheels with varied calibrated digits and letters was recommended to further secure locks with k-wheel dials.
Electioneering processes can be much more convenient by the introduction of Electronic Voting Sys... more Electioneering processes can be much more convenient by the introduction of Electronic Voting Systems (EVS). However, there are some lacunas associated with EVS, for instance, if a blank vote is signed into the server before voters cast their votes, it results into multi-voting. In addition to that, if users cast their votes before signing into the server, the information of the election could have leaked out from the server and the election would have been compromised. So, we introduced Blind signatures to help prevent leakage of the election information through the server. However, hackers may try to bring in a non-candidate signature for non-legal usage at that moment or in a later time. For these issues to be addressed, this research suggests a novel work, oblivious signature scheme with proxy signature to meet security requirements that includes; message verification, information protection, and personal privacy, in order to ensure that rigging is drastically reduced between voters, candidates and the system (the server). That is why, an EVS that uses a combination of blind signature, oblivious signature and proxy signature scheme is proposed and we have also implemented this scheme electronically to show that users can vote conveniently and securely.
2020 2nd International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS)
Insecurity has been a major challenge the world over. In Africa for example, there are so many in... more Insecurity has been a major challenge the world over. In Africa for example, there are so many indigenous languages that can be easily exploited by insurgents to perpetrate evil. Hausa language is spoken by about 5% of Africa's population estimated to be 1.3Billion. In this paper, we carried out the statistical analysis of the alphabets of this language spoken mostly in the West Africa sub-region. The research estimated following: The probabilities of its 24 alphabets, The probabilities of two-letter words (digram) and the probabilities of three-letter words (trigrams) using a completed undergraduate Hausa language project containing 89,335 characters. The results obtain can be lever-aged upon by cryptanalysts to break ciphers (substitution or transposition) constructed in this language.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Management and Engineering, 2017
This scheme considers a text file made up of any form of character and then reduces it to either ... more This scheme considers a text file made up of any form of character and then reduces it to either 20 which is the equivalent of binary 1 or zero (0). Compression starts with the identification of the ASCII code for each character represented in the text file and then convert them to their binary number equivalent. Compression is achieved by counting the number of binary strings (zeros and ones) that makes up the text file, this binary string is then stored as n. This quantity is again stored in another variable as mi (where i =0,1,2...,). To continue with the compression, the system takes n as the subtrahend and the equivalent strings of ones (1s) as the minuend. A subtraction operation is performed using the minuend and subtrahend to obtain the difference. At the end of each of this operation the most significant bit (MSB) from the original text would have been removed and then the length of the difference which starts from the most significant bit would be taken as the new n. The new i will be obtained by incrementing it by 1. The process continues with what was done earlier until the subsequent subtractions produces a difference that is either 20 or zero (0). This value is stored as p. Decompression is achieved by subtracting the value of p from the string of ones (1s) with mj (j=i, i-1,...,0) length to recover the last value. The value of j is then decremented by 1 (j-1), after which a test is carried out to determine if j≤0. If this condition is true, control is returned to the loop otherwise it means that the binary string that represents the original message have been recovered. The recovered string is then converted to their ASCII codes to recover the original document.
The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has prov... more The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has provided enough space for social interaction and information exchange. It is hard to imagine a world without the internet. Like other fields of human endeavours, the internet is no doubt revolutionizing the act of researching, especially in the sciences. Regardless of any viewpoint, research outlines formal, methodical and rigorous processes, specifically the application of scientific methods of problem recognition, definition, solution development, data collection, analysis and conclusions. Expectedly, the introduction of the Internet heralded the upswing of the new soft form of learning; with the aim of achieving speedy and cost effective diffusion of knowledge. Secondly, the internet has also helped in aggregating with ease such knowledge which can be shared amongst geographically-detached partners. So, whether it involves
The financial services industry is no exception in the search for efficiency and productivity imp... more The financial services industry is no exception in the search for efficiency and productivity improvements, competitive advantage through information and communications technologies (ICTs). Notable are commercial banks that have opted for various ICT initiatives towards reducing back office processing costs, improving service delivery and business management practices through data analysis (Ferguson, 2000).
With the increasing levels of deployment of various forms of high-speed (or broadband) services w... more With the increasing levels of deployment of various forms of high-speed (or broadband) services within today's Internet, there is new impetus to find some usable answers that allow both providers and users to place some objective benchmarks against the service offerings. Furthermore, with the lift in access speed with broadband services, there is an associated expectation on the part of the end user or service customer about the performance of the Internet service. It should be "better" in some fashion, where "better" relates to the performance of the network and the service profile that is offered to network applications. And not only is there an expectation of "better" performance, it should be measurable. This paper is concerned with the measurements of the network (IP Network) performance in Salem University and its necessary measurement results.
Proceedings of the 19th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, 2019
This study examined how computational thinking (CT) has been used to teach problem-solving skills... more This study examined how computational thinking (CT) has been used to teach problem-solving skills and programming education in the recent past. This study specifically (i) identified articles that discussed CT approach for programming education at higher education institutions (HEIs), (ii) classified the different CT approaches and tools employed for programming education at HEIs, (iii) synthesised and discussed results that are reported by relevant studies that utilized CT for teaching programming at HEIs. A systematic literature review methodology was adopted in this study. Out of 161 articles retrieved, 33 of them that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Our study revealed that the use of CT at HEIs for programming education began in 2010; many studies did not specify the context of use, but the use of CT is found to be gaining grounds in many contexts, especially the developed countries; course design approach was mostly employed by educators to introduce CT at HEIs for programming education. Furthermore, this study pointed out how CT approach can be explored for designing a smart learning environment to support students in learning computer programming.
Cyber-attacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are no longer matters of anticipation. Industri... more Cyber-attacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are no longer matters of anticipation. Industrial infrastructures are continually being targeted by malicious cyber actors with very little resistance on their paths. From network breaches to data theft, denial of service attacks to privilege escalation; command and control functions have in some way been exerted on targeted industrial systems. Safety, security, resilience, reliability and performance require private industrial control system user organizations and the public sector to device strategies and steps towards dealing decisively to these emerging and increasing ICS cyber security concerns. There are already couple security solutions proposed by governments, private organizations, academia, and industries for achieving this goal. This discourse reviews the ICS security risk landscape, current security strategies and solutions with a view to discovering the gaps or weaknesses in the effective mitigation of cyber-attacks, and the enhancement of cyber security. Notable fissures in existing ICS security solutions include: greater emphasis on technology security while discounting other critical bits like people and processes, which is clearly incongruent with emerging security threats and attack trends, the unilateral dimension strategy towards security which focuses more on SCADA systems, and the emergence of more sector-specific solutions as against generic security solutions. Better solutions include approaches that follow similar evolutionary patterns as the problem trend. These include cyber security measures that would embrace constant evolution in response to changes in the threat, vulnerabilities, attacks, and impact domains. Solutions that recognise and capture; people, process, and technology security enhancement into a single system entity with holistic provisioning that can meet all three-entity vulnerabilities for a more secured ICS environment.
Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Students Academic Achievement in Agricultural Science in Selected Secondary Schools in Katsina Ala Town of Benue State, Feb 16, 2015
International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 2015
This scheme considers a text document made up of character such as letters of the alphabet, punct... more This scheme considers a text document made up of character such as letters of the alphabet, punctuation marks and special characters/symbols. If we represent each character that makes up the document as , , … , , compression is achieved by taking each of these characters that makes up the text one at a time and then search first, for the position of the last occurrence of a particular character being considered for compression together with the length of its digits, and then, starting from the beginning of the text file, note all the positions where this character has occurred. The positions of occurrence of this character while the search is on, is made equal to the length of the digit of the last occurrence of the character by padding it with zeroes to the left of the most significant bit, if need be. Concatenate the values representing the positions of the occurrence of a character and covert the concatenated string into a decimal value. Divide this value successively by 2 until the result lies between one and less than two. Store the quotient obtained from these divisions and the sum of the number of times the division was carried out as an index k. Decompression is the reverse of the steps just described, and this is achieved by taking each character; obtained their corresponding quotient (q), index k and length l i. To recover the decimal positions of the concatenated values, we multiply the quotient (q) by 2 k. We then use the length of this particular character to identify positions where they occurred. This scheme, which is lossless compression, has its ratio tending to zero when the text file is very large.
Each time we need to set up and manage an ICT lab, we have to shop for new ideas on how to contro... more Each time we need to set up and manage an ICT lab, we have to shop for new ideas on how to control the potential abuse of facilities and protect user’s interest for a maximum lab experience. Setting up and managing a lab in our clime, means that ideas must be well articulated and should be those that could be easily adopted and adhered to. Issues ranging from security to operational time for the lab are considered as very critical to the successful implementation and the running of labs on a day-to-day basis. For a lab to be useful for what it has been created for, certain additional facilities and tools must be made available which are often neglected at the planning stage. When the basic infrastructures are provided, and the users know what to do and what not to do, the chances for failure are reduced and the lab can perform at optimum installed capacity. In this paper, we present research findings into the nitty-gritty of how an ICT lab should be setup and run on a day-to-day bas...
The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has prov... more The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has provided enough space for social interaction and information exchange. It is hard to imagine a world without the internet. Like other fields of human endeavours, the internet is no doubt revolutionising the act of researching, especially in the sciences. Regardless of any viewpoint, research outlines formal, methodical and rigorous processes, specifically the application of scientific methods of problem recognition, definition, solution development, data collection, analysis and conclusions. Expectedly, the introduction of the Internet heralded the upswing of the new soft form of learning; with the aim of achieving speedy and cost effective diffusion of knowledge. Secondly, the internet has also helped in aggregating with ease such knowledge which can be shared amongst geographically-detached partners. So, whether it involves fundamental/pure or basic distributed research, action, applied re...
Sorting algorithms have been described variously by (Hubbard, 2000; Lipchutz, 2002). Sorting is r... more Sorting algorithms have been described variously by (Hubbard, 2000; Lipchutz, 2002). Sorting is required in database application to arrange items in either ascending or descending order of magnitude. It is sometimes required to determine the magnitude of a number say the ages of persons, census data, budgetary figures etc.
SUMMARY Image classification is an important operation in remotely sensed data analysis. It invol... more SUMMARY Image classification is an important operation in remotely sensed data analysis. It involves the extraction of identified features and features of interest into themes or classes. The final map resulting from classification exercise is called thematic map. Both the raw data and final output ‐ thematic maps are susceptible to machine and human errors. Therefore, the level at which a classified map represents the reality it portrays remains uncertain until its accuracy is determined.Accuracy assessment is the measurement of the rate and level to which classified image agrees with the reference (ground) data it represents.Accuracy of any image classification may be tested in four different ways - field checks at selected points, map overlays, statistical analysis of numerical data, and using confusion matrix calculations. The confusion matrix is the most widely used measure of image classification accuracy assessment. It is a simple cross-tabulationof the mapped class label aga...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
The Insider Threat Detection(ISTD), is commonly referred to as the silent killer of organizations... more The Insider Threat Detection(ISTD), is commonly referred to as the silent killer of organizations. The impact is greatly felt because it is usually perpetrated by existing staff of the organization. This makes it very difficult to detect or can even go undetected. Several authors have researched into this problem but no best solution has been discovered. This study therefore considers the insider problem as a classification problem. It provides a lay man’s understanding of a typical classification problem as faced in the insider threat detection research scope. It then highlights five (5) commonly used binary classification algorithms, stating their strengths and weaknesses. This work will help researchers determine the appropriate algorithm to consider for the employee dataset available for classification.
One of the major problem which youth of nowadays are facing are exposure to television viewing wh... more One of the major problem which youth of nowadays are facing are exposure to television viewing which is wasting a lot of their time needed to do some other thing such as reading and development of their social behaviour and cultural integrity. The objectives of this paper are to examine the impact of television viewing in adolescents using software visualization pattern. This paper is developed based on data source collected from questionnaires and Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the questionnaire. The results were presented in a 2-Dimensional graphical representation using software visualization approach. It is observed that excessive use of electronic media (majorly the Television) among youth is resulting in conventional diminishing in the cultural and traditional virtues of the developing years of innocence grooming.
An insider, also regarded as an employee of a company, becomes a threat when the intention or act... more An insider, also regarded as an employee of a company, becomes a threat when the intention or action can affect the company negatively. Insider threat has been an eminent problem in organizations that has resulted in the loss of trust, confidential data and information. This study seeks to review current existing techniques to insider threat detection and also proffers machine learning technique as the way forward for insider threat detection.
Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Information Management and Engineering
Locks are effective control against intruders who may want to gain access to protected objects su... more Locks are effective control against intruders who may want to gain access to protected objects such as houses, cars, boxes, briefcases, and the likes. Control can be physical or procedural. The physical control still involves the use of locks, some of which have wheels that are calibrated from 0 to (n-1), where n is the number of digits on the kth wheel with k as the number of wheels. A k-wheel briefcase, with each wheel having n integer number of digits for example, will lead to nk keyspace, in which one of the key combination is the right one for opening the object. This paper identified the flaws associated with the design of locks and then propose a method based on the cryptanalysis of the keyspace to generate the key combination for opening an object with k-wheel locks and at the same time recommended further actions that can forestalled masquerades from opening objects having k-wheel locks by increasing the keyspace. In addition, the use of irregular wheels with varied calibrated digits and letters was recommended to further secure locks with k-wheel dials.
Electioneering processes can be much more convenient by the introduction of Electronic Voting Sys... more Electioneering processes can be much more convenient by the introduction of Electronic Voting Systems (EVS). However, there are some lacunas associated with EVS, for instance, if a blank vote is signed into the server before voters cast their votes, it results into multi-voting. In addition to that, if users cast their votes before signing into the server, the information of the election could have leaked out from the server and the election would have been compromised. So, we introduced Blind signatures to help prevent leakage of the election information through the server. However, hackers may try to bring in a non-candidate signature for non-legal usage at that moment or in a later time. For these issues to be addressed, this research suggests a novel work, oblivious signature scheme with proxy signature to meet security requirements that includes; message verification, information protection, and personal privacy, in order to ensure that rigging is drastically reduced between voters, candidates and the system (the server). That is why, an EVS that uses a combination of blind signature, oblivious signature and proxy signature scheme is proposed and we have also implemented this scheme electronically to show that users can vote conveniently and securely.
2020 2nd International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS)
Insecurity has been a major challenge the world over. In Africa for example, there are so many in... more Insecurity has been a major challenge the world over. In Africa for example, there are so many indigenous languages that can be easily exploited by insurgents to perpetrate evil. Hausa language is spoken by about 5% of Africa's population estimated to be 1.3Billion. In this paper, we carried out the statistical analysis of the alphabets of this language spoken mostly in the West Africa sub-region. The research estimated following: The probabilities of its 24 alphabets, The probabilities of two-letter words (digram) and the probabilities of three-letter words (trigrams) using a completed undergraduate Hausa language project containing 89,335 characters. The results obtain can be lever-aged upon by cryptanalysts to break ciphers (substitution or transposition) constructed in this language.
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Management and Engineering, 2017
This scheme considers a text file made up of any form of character and then reduces it to either ... more This scheme considers a text file made up of any form of character and then reduces it to either 20 which is the equivalent of binary 1 or zero (0). Compression starts with the identification of the ASCII code for each character represented in the text file and then convert them to their binary number equivalent. Compression is achieved by counting the number of binary strings (zeros and ones) that makes up the text file, this binary string is then stored as n. This quantity is again stored in another variable as mi (where i =0,1,2...,). To continue with the compression, the system takes n as the subtrahend and the equivalent strings of ones (1s) as the minuend. A subtraction operation is performed using the minuend and subtrahend to obtain the difference. At the end of each of this operation the most significant bit (MSB) from the original text would have been removed and then the length of the difference which starts from the most significant bit would be taken as the new n. The new i will be obtained by incrementing it by 1. The process continues with what was done earlier until the subsequent subtractions produces a difference that is either 20 or zero (0). This value is stored as p. Decompression is achieved by subtracting the value of p from the string of ones (1s) with mj (j=i, i-1,...,0) length to recover the last value. The value of j is then decremented by 1 (j-1), after which a test is carried out to determine if j≤0. If this condition is true, control is returned to the loop otherwise it means that the binary string that represents the original message have been recovered. The recovered string is then converted to their ASCII codes to recover the original document.
The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has prov... more The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has provided enough space for social interaction and information exchange. It is hard to imagine a world without the internet. Like other fields of human endeavours, the internet is no doubt revolutionizing the act of researching, especially in the sciences. Regardless of any viewpoint, research outlines formal, methodical and rigorous processes, specifically the application of scientific methods of problem recognition, definition, solution development, data collection, analysis and conclusions. Expectedly, the introduction of the Internet heralded the upswing of the new soft form of learning; with the aim of achieving speedy and cost effective diffusion of knowledge. Secondly, the internet has also helped in aggregating with ease such knowledge which can be shared amongst geographically-detached partners. So, whether it involves
The financial services industry is no exception in the search for efficiency and productivity imp... more The financial services industry is no exception in the search for efficiency and productivity improvements, competitive advantage through information and communications technologies (ICTs). Notable are commercial banks that have opted for various ICT initiatives towards reducing back office processing costs, improving service delivery and business management practices through data analysis (Ferguson, 2000).
With the increasing levels of deployment of various forms of high-speed (or broadband) services w... more With the increasing levels of deployment of various forms of high-speed (or broadband) services within today's Internet, there is new impetus to find some usable answers that allow both providers and users to place some objective benchmarks against the service offerings. Furthermore, with the lift in access speed with broadband services, there is an associated expectation on the part of the end user or service customer about the performance of the Internet service. It should be "better" in some fashion, where "better" relates to the performance of the network and the service profile that is offered to network applications. And not only is there an expectation of "better" performance, it should be measurable. This paper is concerned with the measurements of the network (IP Network) performance in Salem University and its necessary measurement results.
Proceedings of the 19th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, 2019
This study examined how computational thinking (CT) has been used to teach problem-solving skills... more This study examined how computational thinking (CT) has been used to teach problem-solving skills and programming education in the recent past. This study specifically (i) identified articles that discussed CT approach for programming education at higher education institutions (HEIs), (ii) classified the different CT approaches and tools employed for programming education at HEIs, (iii) synthesised and discussed results that are reported by relevant studies that utilized CT for teaching programming at HEIs. A systematic literature review methodology was adopted in this study. Out of 161 articles retrieved, 33 of them that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Our study revealed that the use of CT at HEIs for programming education began in 2010; many studies did not specify the context of use, but the use of CT is found to be gaining grounds in many contexts, especially the developed countries; course design approach was mostly employed by educators to introduce CT at HEIs for programming education. Furthermore, this study pointed out how CT approach can be explored for designing a smart learning environment to support students in learning computer programming.
Cyber-attacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are no longer matters of anticipation. Industri... more Cyber-attacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are no longer matters of anticipation. Industrial infrastructures are continually being targeted by malicious cyber actors with very little resistance on their paths. From network breaches to data theft, denial of service attacks to privilege escalation; command and control functions have in some way been exerted on targeted industrial systems. Safety, security, resilience, reliability and performance require private industrial control system user organizations and the public sector to device strategies and steps towards dealing decisively to these emerging and increasing ICS cyber security concerns. There are already couple security solutions proposed by governments, private organizations, academia, and industries for achieving this goal. This discourse reviews the ICS security risk landscape, current security strategies and solutions with a view to discovering the gaps or weaknesses in the effective mitigation of cyber-attacks, and the enhancement of cyber security. Notable fissures in existing ICS security solutions include: greater emphasis on technology security while discounting other critical bits like people and processes, which is clearly incongruent with emerging security threats and attack trends, the unilateral dimension strategy towards security which focuses more on SCADA systems, and the emergence of more sector-specific solutions as against generic security solutions. Better solutions include approaches that follow similar evolutionary patterns as the problem trend. These include cyber security measures that would embrace constant evolution in response to changes in the threat, vulnerabilities, attacks, and impact domains. Solutions that recognise and capture; people, process, and technology security enhancement into a single system entity with holistic provisioning that can meet all three-entity vulnerabilities for a more secured ICS environment.
Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Students Academic Achievement in Agricultural Science in Selected Secondary Schools in Katsina Ala Town of Benue State, Feb 16, 2015
International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 2015
This scheme considers a text document made up of character such as letters of the alphabet, punct... more This scheme considers a text document made up of character such as letters of the alphabet, punctuation marks and special characters/symbols. If we represent each character that makes up the document as , , … , , compression is achieved by taking each of these characters that makes up the text one at a time and then search first, for the position of the last occurrence of a particular character being considered for compression together with the length of its digits, and then, starting from the beginning of the text file, note all the positions where this character has occurred. The positions of occurrence of this character while the search is on, is made equal to the length of the digit of the last occurrence of the character by padding it with zeroes to the left of the most significant bit, if need be. Concatenate the values representing the positions of the occurrence of a character and covert the concatenated string into a decimal value. Divide this value successively by 2 until the result lies between one and less than two. Store the quotient obtained from these divisions and the sum of the number of times the division was carried out as an index k. Decompression is the reverse of the steps just described, and this is achieved by taking each character; obtained their corresponding quotient (q), index k and length l i. To recover the decimal positions of the concatenated values, we multiply the quotient (q) by 2 k. We then use the length of this particular character to identify positions where they occurred. This scheme, which is lossless compression, has its ratio tending to zero when the text file is very large.
Each time we need to set up and manage an ICT lab, we have to shop for new ideas on how to contro... more Each time we need to set up and manage an ICT lab, we have to shop for new ideas on how to control the potential abuse of facilities and protect user’s interest for a maximum lab experience. Setting up and managing a lab in our clime, means that ideas must be well articulated and should be those that could be easily adopted and adhered to. Issues ranging from security to operational time for the lab are considered as very critical to the successful implementation and the running of labs on a day-to-day basis. For a lab to be useful for what it has been created for, certain additional facilities and tools must be made available which are often neglected at the planning stage. When the basic infrastructures are provided, and the users know what to do and what not to do, the chances for failure are reduced and the lab can perform at optimum installed capacity. In this paper, we present research findings into the nitty-gritty of how an ICT lab should be setup and run on a day-to-day bas...
The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has prov... more The Internet has continued to span great geographical space and generality interests. It has provided enough space for social interaction and information exchange. It is hard to imagine a world without the internet. Like other fields of human endeavours, the internet is no doubt revolutionising the act of researching, especially in the sciences. Regardless of any viewpoint, research outlines formal, methodical and rigorous processes, specifically the application of scientific methods of problem recognition, definition, solution development, data collection, analysis and conclusions. Expectedly, the introduction of the Internet heralded the upswing of the new soft form of learning; with the aim of achieving speedy and cost effective diffusion of knowledge. Secondly, the internet has also helped in aggregating with ease such knowledge which can be shared amongst geographically-detached partners. So, whether it involves fundamental/pure or basic distributed research, action, applied re...
Sorting algorithms have been described variously by (Hubbard, 2000; Lipchutz, 2002). Sorting is r... more Sorting algorithms have been described variously by (Hubbard, 2000; Lipchutz, 2002). Sorting is required in database application to arrange items in either ascending or descending order of magnitude. It is sometimes required to determine the magnitude of a number say the ages of persons, census data, budgetary figures etc.
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Papers by Sunday Adewumi