1. Tanne JH, Hayasaki E, Zastrow M, Pulla P, Smith P, Rada AG. COVID‐19: How doctors and healthca... more 1. Tanne JH, Hayasaki E, Zastrow M, Pulla P, Smith P, Rada AG. COVID‐19: How doctors and healthcare systems are tackling coronavirus worldwide. BMJ 2020;368:m1090. 2. Arya S, Gupta R. COVID‐19 outbreak: Challenges for addiction services in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2020;51:102086. 3. Telemedicine Practice Guidelines. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare: New Delhi; 2020. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/ Telemedicine.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Jun 14]. 4. Narasimha VL, Shukla L, Mukherjee D, Menon J, Huddar S, Panda UK, et al. Complicated alcohol withdrawal-an unintended consequence of COVID-19 lockdown. Alcohol Alcohol 2020;55:350-3. 5. Kavoor AR. COVID‐19 in people with mental illness: Challenges and vulnerabilities. Asian J Psychiatr 2020;51:102051. 6. Gillon R. Medical ethics: Four principles plus attention to scope. BMJ 1994;309:184‐8. 7. Math SB, Basavaraju V, Harihara SN, Gowda GS, Manjunatha N, Kumar CN, et al. Mental Healthcare Act 2017 Aspiration to action. Indian J Psychiatry 2019;61:S660-6. 5. Inpatient treatment, too, is largely limited due to restriction of bed availability (e.g., conversion of various healthcare systems into COVID-19 hospitals) and also for the fear of nosocomial transmission of the infection.[2] This restriction interferes with the patients’ autonomy to avail of inpatient treatment. At the same time, long-stay patients with dual diagnoses in the residential settings are at a higher risk of developing COVID-19 (due to overcrowding and poorer general health condition).[5] Despite the risk, it is difficult to discharge patients, because of their limited acceptance in the society, whereas there is a risk of the rapid spread of infection in the inpatient setups.
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Comm... more This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. How to cite this article:
Background: Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed a... more Background: Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as an innovative treatment for chronic tinnitus. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the underlying mechanism and to evaluate the relationship between clinical outcome and changes in cortical excitability. We investigated ten patients with chronic tinnitus who participated in a sham-controlled crossover treatment trial. Magnetic-resonance-imaging and positronemission-tomography guided 1 Hz rTMS were performed over the auditory cortex on 5 consecutive days. Active and sham treatments were separated by one week. Parameters of cortical excitability (motor thresholds, intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, cortical silent period) were measured serially before and after rTMS treatment by using single-and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinical improvement was assessed with a standardized tinnitusquestionnaire. Results: We noted a significant interaction between treatment response and changes in motor cortex excitability during active rTMS. Specifically, clinical improvement was associated with an increase in intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation and a prolongation of the cortical silent period. These results indicate that intraindividual changes in cortical excitability may serve as a correlate of response to rTMS treatment. Conclusion: The observed alterations of cortical excitability suggest that low frequency rTMS may evoke long-term-depression like effects resulting in an improvement of subcortical inhibitory function.
Background: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia often experience high burden of care and ha... more Background: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia often experience high burden of care and have deterioration in the quality of their life. This study attempted to assess the efficacy of a brief psychosocial intervention (BPI) on the burden of care and quality of life (QOL) of key relatives of patients with schizophrenia and its subsequent effect on QOL of their patients (if any). Methods: A total of 66 patients and their key relatives were included in the study. Patients were assessed for psychopathology (by applying Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and World Health Organization QOL scale [WHOQOL-BREF]) and relatives were assessed on Burden Assessment Schedule and WHOQOL scale (WHOQOL-100). Thirty-three patients and their key relatives were randomly allocated to BPI group and nonspecific control intervention group. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in burden of care (P = 0.004) and improvement in QOL of relatives (P = 0.024) as well as in QOL scores of patients (P = 0.0028) in the BPI group. Conclusion: BPI is associated with a significant improvement in QOL as well as burden of care of key relatives of patients with schizophrenia, which, in turn, results in improvement in QOL of their patients.
1. Tanne JH, Hayasaki E, Zastrow M, Pulla P, Smith P, Rada AG. COVID‐19: How doctors and healthca... more 1. Tanne JH, Hayasaki E, Zastrow M, Pulla P, Smith P, Rada AG. COVID‐19: How doctors and healthcare systems are tackling coronavirus worldwide. BMJ 2020;368:m1090. 2. Arya S, Gupta R. COVID‐19 outbreak: Challenges for addiction services in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2020;51:102086. 3. Telemedicine Practice Guidelines. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare: New Delhi; 2020. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/ Telemedicine.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Jun 14]. 4. Narasimha VL, Shukla L, Mukherjee D, Menon J, Huddar S, Panda UK, et al. Complicated alcohol withdrawal-an unintended consequence of COVID-19 lockdown. Alcohol Alcohol 2020;55:350-3. 5. Kavoor AR. COVID‐19 in people with mental illness: Challenges and vulnerabilities. Asian J Psychiatr 2020;51:102051. 6. Gillon R. Medical ethics: Four principles plus attention to scope. BMJ 1994;309:184‐8. 7. Math SB, Basavaraju V, Harihara SN, Gowda GS, Manjunatha N, Kumar CN, et al. Mental Healthcare Act 2017 Aspiration to action. Indian J Psychiatry 2019;61:S660-6. 5. Inpatient treatment, too, is largely limited due to restriction of bed availability (e.g., conversion of various healthcare systems into COVID-19 hospitals) and also for the fear of nosocomial transmission of the infection.[2] This restriction interferes with the patients’ autonomy to avail of inpatient treatment. At the same time, long-stay patients with dual diagnoses in the residential settings are at a higher risk of developing COVID-19 (due to overcrowding and poorer general health condition).[5] Despite the risk, it is difficult to discharge patients, because of their limited acceptance in the society, whereas there is a risk of the rapid spread of infection in the inpatient setups.
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Comm... more This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. How to cite this article:
Background: Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed a... more Background: Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as an innovative treatment for chronic tinnitus. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the underlying mechanism and to evaluate the relationship between clinical outcome and changes in cortical excitability. We investigated ten patients with chronic tinnitus who participated in a sham-controlled crossover treatment trial. Magnetic-resonance-imaging and positronemission-tomography guided 1 Hz rTMS were performed over the auditory cortex on 5 consecutive days. Active and sham treatments were separated by one week. Parameters of cortical excitability (motor thresholds, intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, cortical silent period) were measured serially before and after rTMS treatment by using single-and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinical improvement was assessed with a standardized tinnitusquestionnaire. Results: We noted a significant interaction between treatment response and changes in motor cortex excitability during active rTMS. Specifically, clinical improvement was associated with an increase in intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation and a prolongation of the cortical silent period. These results indicate that intraindividual changes in cortical excitability may serve as a correlate of response to rTMS treatment. Conclusion: The observed alterations of cortical excitability suggest that low frequency rTMS may evoke long-term-depression like effects resulting in an improvement of subcortical inhibitory function.
Background: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia often experience high burden of care and ha... more Background: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia often experience high burden of care and have deterioration in the quality of their life. This study attempted to assess the efficacy of a brief psychosocial intervention (BPI) on the burden of care and quality of life (QOL) of key relatives of patients with schizophrenia and its subsequent effect on QOL of their patients (if any). Methods: A total of 66 patients and their key relatives were included in the study. Patients were assessed for psychopathology (by applying Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and World Health Organization QOL scale [WHOQOL-BREF]) and relatives were assessed on Burden Assessment Schedule and WHOQOL scale (WHOQOL-100). Thirty-three patients and their key relatives were randomly allocated to BPI group and nonspecific control intervention group. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in burden of care (P = 0.004) and improvement in QOL of relatives (P = 0.024) as well as in QOL scores of patients (P = 0.0028) in the BPI group. Conclusion: BPI is associated with a significant improvement in QOL as well as burden of care of key relatives of patients with schizophrenia, which, in turn, results in improvement in QOL of their patients.
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