Papers by Dr. Govind Subedi
PLOS ONE, 2023
Breast malignancy is the most frequent carcinoma among females across the world and third-most in... more Breast malignancy is the most frequent carcinoma among females across the world and third-most in Nepal. Early diagnosis of breast cancer through breast health awareness and self-examination, in addition to mammography screening, is a highly feasible and useful technique in poorly resourced settings. However, their intentions, whether to modify behaviors or actions, remain debatable and less explained in the literature. So, we aimed to assess how long an educational intervention affects women's intention to do a breast selfexamination (BSE) and mammography screening. After assessing feasibility, one ward was assigned to the intervention (IG; ward number 30) and control group (CG; ward number 33), and then with inclusion criteria, a total of 360 females (180 each in IG and CG) aged 40-75 years enrolled in the study. After the baseline assessment, participants in the IG were delivered an hour-long breast cancer screening-related lecture-discussion-demonstration session that included BSE and mammography, aided with a silicone dummy. The session was carried out by the female trained nurses. Outcome data were obtained at the baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months following the intervention. Attitudes, perceived behavioral controls (PBCs) and behavioral intents (BIs) of both mammography and BSE at baseline were similar in both IG and CG except in case of subjective norms (SNs). Intents of BSE remained effective for 4 months, whereas for mammography, it was effective only at 4 and 12 months. Moreover, attitudes toward both tests remained intact for 4, 8, and 12 months (p = < .05) consistently. With regards to PBCs, women having good control remained only for 4 months in both screening tests. Further, regarding SN, significant mean changes were observed at 4 and 12 months in BSE, and only at 4 months in mammography screening. The session was effective in sustaining BSE and mammography intentions for at least 4 months. To retain
For this study, a total of 18 VDCs including Dipayal-Silguri municipality of Doti district of Nep... more For this study, a total of 18 VDCs including Dipayal-Silguri municipality of Doti district of Nepal were selected and altogether 1,600 households were enumerated from which 1,536 currently married women aged 15-49 years were interviewed. Two types of questionnaire: household and individual were used in this survey and contents and design of the questionnaire were based on the DHS model B questionnaire. Both contraceptive prevalence rate and unmet need for family planning in Doti district is found very much lower as compared to the average figures of Nepal. The main reasons for low met and unmet need for family planning services are the low access to family planning services in association with extreme deprivation of females from the basic capability like education and basic health services.
Unacceptable forms of exploitation of children at work exist and persist, but they are particular... more Unacceptable forms of exploitation of children at work exist and persist, but they are particularly difficult to research due to their hidden, sometimes illegal or even criminal nature. Slavery, debt bondage, trafficking, sexual exploitation, the use of children in the drug trade and in armed conflict, as well as hazardous work are all defined as Worst Forms of Child Labour. Promoting the Convention (No. 182) concerning the Prohibition and immediate action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, 1999, is a high priority for the International Labour Organization (ILO). Recommendation (No. 190, Paragraph 5) accompanying the Convention states that "detailed information and statistical data on the nature and extent of child labour should be compiled and kept up to date to serve as a basis for determining priorities for national action for the abolition of child labour, in particular for the prohibition and elimination of its worst forms, as a matter of urgency." Although there is a body of knowledge, data, and documentation on child labour, there are also still considerable gaps in understanding the variety of forms and conditions in which children work. This is especially true of the worst forms of child labour, which by their very nature are often hidden from public view and scrutiny. Against this background the ILO, through IPEC/SIMPOC (International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour/Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour) has carried out 38 rapid assessments of the worst forms of child labour in 19 countries and one border area. The investigations have been made using a new rapid assessment methodology on child labour, elaborated jointly by the ILO and UNICEF 1. The programme was funded by the United States Department of Labor. The investigations on the worst forms of child labour have explored very sensitive areas including illegal, criminal or immoral activities. The forms of child labour and research locations were carefully chosen by IPEC staff in consultation with IPEC partners. The rapid assessment investigations focused on the following categories of worst forms of child labour: children in bondage; child domestic workers; child soldiers; child trafficking; drug trafficking; hazardous work in commercial agriculture, fishing, garbage dumps, mining and the urban environment; sexual exploitation; and working street children. To the partners and IPEC colleagues who contributed, through their individual and collective efforts, to the realisation of this report I should like to express our gratitude. The responsibility for opinions expressed in this publication rests solely with the authors and does not imply endorsement by the ILO. I am sure that the wealth of information contained in this series of reports on the situation of children engaged in the worst forms of child labour around the world will contribute to a deeper understanding and allow us to more clearly focus on the challenges that lie ahead. Most importantly, we hope that the studies will guide policy makers, community leaders, and practitioners to tackle the problem on the ground.
We would like to acknowledge and extend our appreciation to all those adolescent girls and parent... more We would like to acknowledge and extend our appreciation to all those adolescent girls and parents and community people who supported and contributed to the successful completion of this study by providing information, input and suggestions. This study would not have been possible without their valuable participation in the research process.
Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan
Utilising data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey from 1996-2016 and some landmark verdicts... more Utilising data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey from 1996-2016 and some landmark verdicts of the Supreme Court on reproductive rights since the early 1990s, this article evaluates the pace of continuity and change in women’s health status, particularly of reproductive rights of women. Thus, this study aims to identify sociocultural factors that influence women’s health, particularly their reproductive health. Although in the last few decades, Nepal has made substantial achievements in reproductive health service delivery and reduction of childhood mortality, however, performance is rather slow in achieving nutritional and health seeking behaviour. for family planning services, elimination of harmful and discriminatory practices that influences on girls and women’s health adversely. The Supreme Court of Nepal through its series of verdicts has greatly contributed to safeguarding women’s reproductive health progressively, although the full implementation of these landmark verd...
Consultant, 2007
... National level Government departments namely MoGLSD (Child Labour Unit, labour officers/inspe... more ... National level Government departments namely MoGLSD (Child Labour Unit, labour officers/inspectors, probation and welfare department, community development, youth and children department, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Internal Affairs (immigration ...
Unacceptable forms of exploitation of children at work exist and persist, but they are particular... more Unacceptable forms of exploitation of children at work exist and persist, but they are particularly difficult to research due to their hidden, sometimes illegal or even criminal nature. Slavery, debt bondage, trafficking, sexual exploitation, the use of children in the drug trade and in armed conflict, as well as hazardous work are all defined as Worst Forms of Child Labour. Promoting the Convention (No. 182) concerning the Prohibition and immediate action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, 1999, is a high priority for the International Labour Organization (ILO). Recommendation (No. 190, Paragraph 5) accompanying the Convention states that "detailed information and statistical data on the nature and extent of child labour should be compiled and kept up to date to serve as a basis for determining priorities for national action for the abolition of child labour, in particular for the prohibition and elimination of its worst forms, as a matter of urgency." Although there is a body of knowledge, data, and documentation on child labour, there are also still considerable gaps in understanding the variety of forms and conditions in which children work. This is especially true of the worst forms of child labour, which by their very nature are often hidden from public view and scrutiny. Against this background the ILO, through IPEC/SIMPOC (International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour/Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour) has carried out 38 rapid assessments of the worst forms of child labour in 19 countries and one border area. The investigations have been made using a new rapid assessment methodology on child labour, elaborated jointly by the ILO and UNICEF 1. The programme was funded by the United States Department of Labor.
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Papers by Dr. Govind Subedi