Barbara Stolz

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J. P. Manoussakis

College of the Holy Cross

Andreas Umland

National University of "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy"

Gasan Gusejnov

Freie Universität Berlin

Ani Kokobobo

University of Kansas

Matilda Mroz

The University of Sydney

Igor Pilshchikov

University of California, Los Angeles

Ilya Kalinin

Humboldt Universität zu Berlin

Evgeny Khodakovsky

Saint-Petersburg State University

Maria Pliukhanova

Università degli Studi di Perugia

Alexander Dolinin

University of Wisconsin-Madison

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Papers by Barbara Stolz

Criminal Justice Policy Making: Federal Roles and Processes

Introduction The Context of Federal Criminal Justice Policy Making: Responsibility and Ideology P... more Introduction The Context of Federal Criminal Justice Policy Making: Responsibility and Ideology Presidents and Criminal Justice Policy Making Congress and the Legislating of Criminal Justice Policy Making Bureaucracy: Affecting Criminal Justice Policy Making through Information Bureacracy: Implementation and Street-Level Criminal Justice Policy Making The Supreme Court as Criminal Justice Policy Maker Non-Decision Making and Criminal Justice Policy Conclusion Selected Bibliography Index

Teaching Democratic Principles in a Traditional Russian University: Fomenting a Quiet Revolution

PS: Political Science & Politics, 1996

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The Children's Cause. Gilbert Y. Steiner

The School Review, 1977

Educating policymakers and setting the criminal justice policymaking agenda

Criminal Justice, 2005

During the 1990s, the human trafficking problem emerged as an issue on the international and US p... more During the 1990s, the human trafficking problem emerged as an issue on the international and US policy agendas. Using an expanded case study approach to study the agenda-setting stage, this article examines the role of interest groups in educating US policymakers about the trafficking problem, culminating in the enactment of the trafficking provisions of the ‘Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000’. Specifically, this article focuses on the participation of ‘nonprofessional criminal justice’ interest groups—purely service groups or groups whose interest in criminal justice policy is of an ad hoc nature—such as human rights, women’s, refugee, and religious organizations. Since the human trafficking agenda-setting stage in the USA was linked to international anti-trafficking efforts, the observations in this article extend beyond US policymaking. They point to the need to study interest group participation, particularly non-professional criminal justice groups, in ...

Weeping in the Playtime of Others by Kenneth Wooden

The School Review, 1978

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978: The Role of Symbolic Politics

Law <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&amp;"/> Policy, 2002

Since 1978, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) has governed United States intellige... more Since 1978, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) has governed United States intelligence gathering for national security purposes. Enacted in response to the Watergate-era civil rights violations and revelations of a Senate investigation headed by Senator Frank Church that other presidential administrations had authorized similar warrantless surveillance, FISA established a statutory framework for national security surveillance. Understanding FISA contributes to the study of criminal justice policymaking because law enforcement and intelligence communities view it as an important tool for combatting espionage and terrorism. This article examines the enactment of FISA from the perspective of symbolic politics.

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Russia, Crime, and the Moral Educative Function of Law

Demokratizatsiya, Dec 22, 1998

olitical leaders, legal scholars, law enforcement officials, and foreign advisors cite the lack o... more olitical leaders, legal scholars, law enforcement officials, and foreign advisors cite the lack of a body of criminal law relevant to the new society as a major factor contributing to the crime problem in the Russian Federation today. Observations of the behavior of average citizens, however, suggest a deeper, more society-wide problem-a lack of support among law-abiding citizens for criminal law and the legal system. Some social scientists have asserted that criminal law is not directed solely toward the criminal or potential criminal, but also performs a moral educative function, sending a message to the law-abiding. The precise message and the significance of this function, however, vary among societies. This article explores the relationship between the moral educative function of criminal law and the law-abiding in post-Soviet Russia. Imagine living in a city where everyday life is an adventure involving confrontations with, and observations of, minor violations of law and order. Sidewalks are not only for pedestrians, but, as needed, for automobiles and small trucks as well. When the streets have bottlenecks or are inconvenient, sidewalks become roads. When parking is unavailable, sidewalks become parking lots. Drivers not only do not yield to pedestrians, but they run red lights, even when small children are passengers. For the average citizen, being killed by a car driven by another citizen is more likely than being felled by a Mafia bullet. Then again, pedestrians do not yield to traffic. Public transportation-trolleys, buses, and trams-is packed with people; pushing and shoving are commonplace with grandmothers often the worst offenders. While this scenario could depict many urban areas, this situation in Russia suggests that "lack of order" is a social phenomenon in need of explanation.

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Privatizing Corrections: Changing the Corrections Policy-Making Subgovernment

The Prison Journal, 1997

Contracting with private corporations to construct and/or operate prisons has become a commonly p... more Contracting with private corporations to construct and/or operate prisons has become a commonly proffered response to problems of prison overcrowding and limited corrections resources. The involvement of private for-profit corporations in corrections has implications for who participates, how they participate, and where participants influence corrections policy making, as well as for the dynamics of that process. Or, in the language of political science, the participation of private corporations in corrections has consequences for the corrections subgovernment and for monitoring and accountability within that subgovernment. This article describes likely changes in the corrections subgovernment as a consequence of the privatization of prisons. The article is primarily theoretical, with the expectation that this subgovernment model will subsequently be tested empirically. Suggesting issues of monitoring and accountability that may arise with changes in subgovernment politics, it recom...

CONGRESS AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: An Exercise in Symbolic Politics

Law & Policy, 1983

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Congress and the War on Drugs: An Exercise in Symbolic Politics

Journal of Crime and Justice, 1992

ABSTRACT Passing anti-drug/anti-crime legislation seems to have become an election year tradition... more ABSTRACT Passing anti-drug/anti-crime legislation seems to have become an election year tradition of the U.S. Congress. On the eve of adjournment, the 99th and 100th Congresses enacted omnibus anti-drug legislation, which created new programs, significantly increased federal funding for anti-drug programs, and instituted additional criminal sanctions for drug-related crimes. To explain this phenomenon, the symbolic aspects-those directed at the public-of the congressional policy-making process which led to the enactment of the Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988 are examined. Specifically, the legislation is analyzed in terms of three symbolic components of criminal law-reassurance/threat, moral education, and providing a model for the states. This article describes how the initiation, enactment, and specific provisions of recent anti-drug and anti-crime legislation were affected by Congress’ need to: 1) reassure the public that the nation's drug problem was under control, 2) communicate an anti-Drug us...

Interest Groups and the Development of the U.S. Congress's Response to Human Trafficking

International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2007

The governmental response to the problem of human trafficking can take various forms and understa... more The governmental response to the problem of human trafficking can take various forms and understanding the role of interest groups in the policy‐making process is important for understanding anti‐trafficking legislation. This article examines the political process leading to passage of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Act (2000). It identifies which groups participated, presents their goals and articulated positions, and describes the techniques used to affect the content and process leading to enactment of anti‐trafficking legislation. The results contribute to an understanding of U.S. policy‐making in general and identifies the range of governmental and non‐governmental groups involved in policy‐ making concerning human trafficking.

Decarceration in Massachusetts: A Study of Disjointed Incrementalism

Criminal Justice Review, 1984

The planning and implementation of innovative correctional policies has confounded practitioners ... more The planning and implementation of innovative correctional policies has confounded practitioners and academicians. Recently most attention has been directed toward the development of comprehensive planning models. Recognition of the limited success of these models has led to disillusionment. In this article an alternative approach, disjointed incrementalism, is proposed. Developed in the public administration literature, the model better addresses the obstacles that impede social change. It will be arguedfurther, however, that to be used to explain and plan major policy change, the model must be revised to include five additional factors: character of change, timing, leadership, "broad vision," and control over the arena of change. To demonstrate the utility of the revised model, both as an explanatory and planning tool, it is used to examine the decarceration of juvenile delinquents in Massachusetts between 1969 and 1973.

The Growth of Federal Criminal Justice Policy Making: The Role of U.S. Civil Rights Legislation

Criminal Justice Policy Review, 2014

To expand the federal criminal justice role, Congress has generally used one of three authorities... more To expand the federal criminal justice role, Congress has generally used one of three authorities: (a) the interstate commerce clause, (b) the power to tax, and (c) the “power of the purse” to provide grants-in-aid to states and localities. This article, however, focuses on the use of the federal responsibility to protect the constitutional and statutory rights of citizens to expand this role. Specifically, it analyzes the instrumental (tangible) and expressive (symbolic) functions of civil rights laws on the (a) trafficking of persons; (b) civil rights of persons institutionalized in state prisons, jails, and juvenile justice facilities and systems; and (c) conduct of state and local law enforcement agencies. This analysis will contribute to our understanding of how such laws have expanded the federal criminal justice role by establishing new federal crimes and violations and defining good policy and practice for state and local criminal justice systems.

Congress, Symbolic Politics and the Evolution of 1994 "Violence Against Women Act

Criminal Justice Policy Review, 1999

A relatively new addition to the thirty-year old Congressional crime agenda is domestic violence.... more A relatively new addition to the thirty-year old Congressional crime agenda is domestic violence. Congressional consideration of a federal criminal justice response to domestic violence, which began in 1990, resulted in the enactment of the "Violence Against Women Act," Title IV of the "Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994" (P.L. 103-322). By enacting this legislation, Congress sent a message to the public that domestic violence is "criminal behavior" and a national crime problem, deserving of Congressional attention. This article examines the evolution of 1994 "Violence against Women Act" between 1990 and 1994 from the perspective of symbolic politics. Such an approach provides insight into the Congressional criminal justice policy-making process and suggests an explanation as to why Congress, collectively, was galvanized to act on this issue in 1994.

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Interest Groups and Criminal Law: The Case of Federal Criminal Code Revision

Crime & Delinquency, 1984

Although the role played by interest groups in public policy formation has been well documented, ... more Although the role played by interest groups in public policy formation has been well documented, systemic empirical research on their impact on criminal justice policy is missing. To begin to fill this gap in the literature this article addresses the following questions: Who has attempted to influence federal criminal code revision efforts? Which groups did participants perceive to be influential? What techniques and situational factors enhanced a group's ability to influence the legislation successfully?

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Direct synthesis of [DOTA-DPhe1]-octreotide and [DOTA-DPhe1, Tyr3]-octreotide (SMT487): Two conjugates for systemic delivery of radiotherapeutical nuclides to somatostatin receptor positive tumors in man

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1998

Direct attachment of unprotected DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N',N",N'",N"'-tetraacetic a... more Direct attachment of unprotected DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N',N",N'",N"'-tetraacetic acid) to partially suitably protected octreotide or [Tyr3]-octreotide leads after deprotection to [DOTA-DPhel]octreotide (III) and [DOTA-DPhe~,Tyr3]-octreotide (IV). These DOTA-containing somatostatin analogs, when labeled with a radiotherapeutic nuclide, are useful as antitumor agents. The partially protected peptides are accessible via solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) followed by selective cleavage under mild acidic conditions from the resin.

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Criminal Justice Policy Making: Federal Roles and Processes