Twenty-five (25) bipolar patients taking mood stabilizers and yet still relapsing were recruited ... more Twenty-five (25) bipolar patients taking mood stabilizers and yet still relapsing were recruited into a randomized controlled pilot cognitive therapy study. All subjects were taking mood stabilizers on recruitment. The control group had treatment as usual—that is, the usual outpatients and multidisciplinary team input. The therapy group received between 12 and 20 sessions of cognitive therapy adapted for bipolar illness in addition to treatment as usual. Therapy consisted of a relapse prevention approach and lasted 6 months. Independent assessments showed that the therapy group had significantly fewer bipolar episodes, higher social functioning, and better coping strategies for bipolar prodromes. Furthermore, there was evidence of less fluctuation in symptoms of mania and depression, less hopelessness, and better medication compliance from subjects' monthly self reports. There was no evidence that improvement in the therapy group was due to more medication being prescribed. In fact, there were significantly less neuroleptics being prescribed in the therapy group for the 6 months after therapy. A further study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period is warranted.
International Journal of Human-computer Studies / International Journal of Man-machine Studies, 1996
Abstract This paper examines the usability of the hypertext navigation facilities provided by Wor... more Abstract This paper examines the usability of the hypertext navigation facilities provided by World Wide Web client applications. A notation is defined to represent the user’s navigational acts and the resultant system ...
In this paper, we distill several years of our research on understanding and improving how people... more In this paper, we distill several years of our research on understanding and improving how people return to their previously visited web pages. Our motivation is that web page revisitation is one of the most frequent actions in computer use, and consequently any interface improvements in this area-no matter how small-can have a very large effect. We report our findings across five categories of revisitation research: characterisations of user behaviour; system models of navigation and their impact on the user's understanding; interface methods for increasing the efficiency of the Back button; alternative system models for navigation; and alternative methods for presenting web navigation histories. The behaviour characterisation shows that revisitation is a dominant activity, with an average of four out of five page visits being to previously seen pages. It also shows that the Back button is heavily used, but poorly understood. Three interface strategies for improving web page revisitation are described. The first, a gesture-based mechanism for issuing the frequent Back and Forward commands, addresses low-level interface issues, and is shown to be both popular and effective. The second, a 'temporal' behaviour for the Back and Forward buttons, aims to overcome the problems associated with poor understanding of the current behaviour of Back. Although the results do not conclusively show advantages for the temporal behaviour of Back, they strongly suggest that revisitation can be improved by providing temporally ordered lists of previously visited pages. The third interface scheme investigates how next-generation browsers could integrate the current tools for revisitation into a single utility, and how simple visualisation methods can be used to aid users in identifying target pages displayed in miniature.
As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases... more As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases, it becomes important to investigate the ways in which users interact with the systems in practice. Transaction logs are one source of usage information, and the information on user behavior can be culled from them both automatically (through calculation of summary statistics) and manually (by examining query strings for semantic clues on search motivations and searching strategy). We have conducted a transaction log analysis on user activity in the Computer Science Technical Reports Collection of the New Zealand Digital Library, and report insights gained and identify resulting search interface design issues. Specifically, we present the user demographics available with our library, discuss the use of operators and search options in queries, and examine patterns in query construction and refinement. We also describe common mistakes in searching, and examine the distribution of query terms appearing in the logs.
As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases... more As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases, it becomes important to investigate the ways in which users interact with the systems in practice. Transaction logs are one source of usage information, and the information on user behaviour can be culled from them both automatically (through calculation of summary statistics) and manually (by examining query strings for semantic clues on search motivations and searching strategy). We conduct a transaction log analysis on user activity in the Computer Science Technical Reports Collection of the New Zealand Digital Library, and report insights gained and identify resulting search interface design issues.
Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002
This article describes an evaluation of the Kea automatic keyphrase extraction algorithm. Documen... more This article describes an evaluation of the Kea automatic keyphrase extraction algorithm. Document keyphrases are conventionally used as concise descriptors of document content, and are increasingly used in novel ways, including document clustering, searching and browsing interfaces, and retrieval engines. However, it is costly and time consuming to manually assign keyphrases to documents, motivating the development of tools that automatically perform this function. Previous studies have evaluated Kea's performance by measuring its ability to identify author keywords and keyphrases, but this methodology has a number of well-known limitations. The results presented in this article are based on evaluations by human assessors of the quality and appropriateness of Kea keyphrases. The results indicate that, in general, Kea produces keyphrases that are rated positively by human assessors. However, typical Kea settings can degrade performance, particularly those relating to keyphrase length and domain specificity. We found that for some settings, Kea's performance is better than that of similar systems, and that Kea's ranking of extracted keyphrases is effective. We also determined that author-specified keyphrases appear to exhibit an inherent ranking, and that they are rated highly and therefore suitable for use in training and evaluation of automatic keyphrasing systems.
As the capabilities of distributed digital libraries increase, managing organizational and softwa... more As the capabilities of distributed digital libraries increase, managing organizational and software complexity becomes a key issue. How can collections and indexes be updated without impacting queries currently in progress? How can the system handle several user interface clients for the same collections? Computer science professors from the University of Waikato have developed a software structure that successfully manages this complexity in the New Zealand Digital Library. This digital library has been a success in managing organizational and software complexity, The researchers' primary goal has been to minimize the effort required to keep the system operational and yet continue to expand its offering
We analyse transaction logs for a large full-text document collection for Computer Science resear... more We analyse transaction logs for a large full-text document collection for Computer Science researchers. We report insights gained from this analysis and identify resulting search interface design issues.
Many digital libraries are comprised of documents from disparate sources that are independent of ... more Many digital libraries are comprised of documents from disparate sources that are independent of the rest of the collection in which they reside. A userÕs ability to explore is severely curtailed when each document stands in isolation; there is no way to navigate to other, related, documents, or even to tell if such documents exist. We describe a method for automatically introducing topicÐbased links into documents to support browsing in digital libraries. Automatic keyphrase extraction is exploited to identify link anchors, and keyphraseÐbased similarity measures are used to select and rank destinations. Two implementations are described: one that applies these techniques to existing WWWÐbased digital library collections using standard HTML, and one that uses a wider range of interface techniques to provide more sophisticated linking capabilities. An evaluation shows that keyphraseÐbased similarity measures work as well as a popular full-text retrieval system for finding relevant destination documents.
This paper investigates user interpretation of search result displays on small screen devices. Su... more This paper investigates user interpretation of search result displays on small screen devices. Such devices present interesting design challenges given their limited display capabilities, particularly in relation to screen size. Our aim is to provide users with succinct yet useful representations of search results that allow rapid and accurate decisions to be made about the utility of result documents, yet minimize user actions (such as scrolling), the use of device resources, and the volume of data to be downloaded. Our hypothesis is that keyphrases that are automatically extracted from documents can support this aim. We report on a user study that compared how accurately users categorized result documents on small screens when the document surrogates consisted of either keyphrases only, or document titles. We found no significant performance differences between the two conditions. In addition to these encouraging results, keyphrases have the benefit that they can be extracted and presented when no other document metadata can be identified.
Twenty-five (25) bipolar patients taking mood stabilizers and yet still relapsing were recruited ... more Twenty-five (25) bipolar patients taking mood stabilizers and yet still relapsing were recruited into a randomized controlled pilot cognitive therapy study. All subjects were taking mood stabilizers on recruitment. The control group had treatment as usual—that is, the usual outpatients and multidisciplinary team input. The therapy group received between 12 and 20 sessions of cognitive therapy adapted for bipolar illness in addition to treatment as usual. Therapy consisted of a relapse prevention approach and lasted 6 months. Independent assessments showed that the therapy group had significantly fewer bipolar episodes, higher social functioning, and better coping strategies for bipolar prodromes. Furthermore, there was evidence of less fluctuation in symptoms of mania and depression, less hopelessness, and better medication compliance from subjects' monthly self reports. There was no evidence that improvement in the therapy group was due to more medication being prescribed. In fact, there were significantly less neuroleptics being prescribed in the therapy group for the 6 months after therapy. A further study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period is warranted.
International Journal of Human-computer Studies / International Journal of Man-machine Studies, 1996
Abstract This paper examines the usability of the hypertext navigation facilities provided by Wor... more Abstract This paper examines the usability of the hypertext navigation facilities provided by World Wide Web client applications. A notation is defined to represent the user’s navigational acts and the resultant system ...
In this paper, we distill several years of our research on understanding and improving how people... more In this paper, we distill several years of our research on understanding and improving how people return to their previously visited web pages. Our motivation is that web page revisitation is one of the most frequent actions in computer use, and consequently any interface improvements in this area-no matter how small-can have a very large effect. We report our findings across five categories of revisitation research: characterisations of user behaviour; system models of navigation and their impact on the user's understanding; interface methods for increasing the efficiency of the Back button; alternative system models for navigation; and alternative methods for presenting web navigation histories. The behaviour characterisation shows that revisitation is a dominant activity, with an average of four out of five page visits being to previously seen pages. It also shows that the Back button is heavily used, but poorly understood. Three interface strategies for improving web page revisitation are described. The first, a gesture-based mechanism for issuing the frequent Back and Forward commands, addresses low-level interface issues, and is shown to be both popular and effective. The second, a 'temporal' behaviour for the Back and Forward buttons, aims to overcome the problems associated with poor understanding of the current behaviour of Back. Although the results do not conclusively show advantages for the temporal behaviour of Back, they strongly suggest that revisitation can be improved by providing temporally ordered lists of previously visited pages. The third interface scheme investigates how next-generation browsers could integrate the current tools for revisitation into a single utility, and how simple visualisation methods can be used to aid users in identifying target pages displayed in miniature.
As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases... more As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases, it becomes important to investigate the ways in which users interact with the systems in practice. Transaction logs are one source of usage information, and the information on user behavior can be culled from them both automatically (through calculation of summary statistics) and manually (by examining query strings for semantic clues on search motivations and searching strategy). We have conducted a transaction log analysis on user activity in the Computer Science Technical Reports Collection of the New Zealand Digital Library, and report insights gained and identify resulting search interface design issues. Specifically, we present the user demographics available with our library, discuss the use of operators and search options in queries, and examine patterns in query construction and refinement. We also describe common mistakes in searching, and examine the distribution of query terms appearing in the logs.
As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases... more As experimental digital library testbeds gain wider acceptance and develop significant user bases, it becomes important to investigate the ways in which users interact with the systems in practice. Transaction logs are one source of usage information, and the information on user behaviour can be culled from them both automatically (through calculation of summary statistics) and manually (by examining query strings for semantic clues on search motivations and searching strategy). We conduct a transaction log analysis on user activity in the Computer Science Technical Reports Collection of the New Zealand Digital Library, and report insights gained and identify resulting search interface design issues.
Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002
This article describes an evaluation of the Kea automatic keyphrase extraction algorithm. Documen... more This article describes an evaluation of the Kea automatic keyphrase extraction algorithm. Document keyphrases are conventionally used as concise descriptors of document content, and are increasingly used in novel ways, including document clustering, searching and browsing interfaces, and retrieval engines. However, it is costly and time consuming to manually assign keyphrases to documents, motivating the development of tools that automatically perform this function. Previous studies have evaluated Kea's performance by measuring its ability to identify author keywords and keyphrases, but this methodology has a number of well-known limitations. The results presented in this article are based on evaluations by human assessors of the quality and appropriateness of Kea keyphrases. The results indicate that, in general, Kea produces keyphrases that are rated positively by human assessors. However, typical Kea settings can degrade performance, particularly those relating to keyphrase length and domain specificity. We found that for some settings, Kea's performance is better than that of similar systems, and that Kea's ranking of extracted keyphrases is effective. We also determined that author-specified keyphrases appear to exhibit an inherent ranking, and that they are rated highly and therefore suitable for use in training and evaluation of automatic keyphrasing systems.
As the capabilities of distributed digital libraries increase, managing organizational and softwa... more As the capabilities of distributed digital libraries increase, managing organizational and software complexity becomes a key issue. How can collections and indexes be updated without impacting queries currently in progress? How can the system handle several user interface clients for the same collections? Computer science professors from the University of Waikato have developed a software structure that successfully manages this complexity in the New Zealand Digital Library. This digital library has been a success in managing organizational and software complexity, The researchers' primary goal has been to minimize the effort required to keep the system operational and yet continue to expand its offering
We analyse transaction logs for a large full-text document collection for Computer Science resear... more We analyse transaction logs for a large full-text document collection for Computer Science researchers. We report insights gained from this analysis and identify resulting search interface design issues.
Many digital libraries are comprised of documents from disparate sources that are independent of ... more Many digital libraries are comprised of documents from disparate sources that are independent of the rest of the collection in which they reside. A userÕs ability to explore is severely curtailed when each document stands in isolation; there is no way to navigate to other, related, documents, or even to tell if such documents exist. We describe a method for automatically introducing topicÐbased links into documents to support browsing in digital libraries. Automatic keyphrase extraction is exploited to identify link anchors, and keyphraseÐbased similarity measures are used to select and rank destinations. Two implementations are described: one that applies these techniques to existing WWWÐbased digital library collections using standard HTML, and one that uses a wider range of interface techniques to provide more sophisticated linking capabilities. An evaluation shows that keyphraseÐbased similarity measures work as well as a popular full-text retrieval system for finding relevant destination documents.
This paper investigates user interpretation of search result displays on small screen devices. Su... more This paper investigates user interpretation of search result displays on small screen devices. Such devices present interesting design challenges given their limited display capabilities, particularly in relation to screen size. Our aim is to provide users with succinct yet useful representations of search results that allow rapid and accurate decisions to be made about the utility of result documents, yet minimize user actions (such as scrolling), the use of device resources, and the volume of data to be downloaded. Our hypothesis is that keyphrases that are automatically extracted from documents can support this aim. We report on a user study that compared how accurately users categorized result documents on small screens when the document surrogates consisted of either keyphrases only, or document titles. We found no significant performance differences between the two conditions. In addition to these encouraging results, keyphrases have the benefit that they can be extracted and presented when no other document metadata can be identified.
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Papers by Steve Jones