Papers by Stanislav Katina
Cleft lip/palate (CLP) is a relatively common birth defect (about 1 per 1000) so disfiguring that... more Cleft lip/palate (CLP) is a relatively common birth defect (about 1 per 1000) so disfiguring that nowadays it is almost always corrected surgically as early as possible. The postnatal surgical correction does not, however, result in a normally growing maxilla (upper jaw), but instead, owing to scar tissue and altered mechanical function, one that grows abnormally. It is of inter-
Purpose -Increased levels of hostility are associated with the increased risk of coronary artery ... more Purpose -Increased levels of hostility are associated with the increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), and with poorer outcomes in CAD patients. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the level of hostility in CAD patients and in health care (HC) workers, as potential groups for intervention programmes. Design/methodology/approach -A qualitative cross-sectional study was undertaken. Hostility questionnaires were distributed in a non-randomized fashion in a group of 236 CAD patients (187 men, 49 women), aged from 33 to 69 years (average 52 years) and 181 health care workers (52 men, 129 women), aged from 19 to 65 (average 31 years). The results of the survey were discussed in a focused group. Findings -The results showed that the high level of hostility in both CAD patients and HC workers exceeded the risk value of 10 in 89 per cent of CAD patients and 95 per cent of HC workers. No difference was found in the hostility scores between CAD patients and HC workers. There was a tendency to higher scores of hostility or of its subcategories (cynicism, anger, aggression) in physicians and nurses of the invasive cardiology or the intensive care units. Originality/value -This paper is of value by showing how increased level of hostility was the issue in both patients and HC workers, with potential consequences of health risk for individuals, as well as deteriorated interpersonal relations and a conflict-generated corporate culture for organizations. Differently tailored programmes for hostility management for particular target groups may help to prevent negative developments.
In this paper we present the maximum simplicial depth estimator and compare it to the ordinary le... more In this paper we present the maximum simplicial depth estimator and compare it to the ordinary least square estimator in examples from 2D shape analysis focusing on bivariate and multivariate allometrical problems from zoology. We compare two types of estimators derived under different subsets of parametric space on the basis of the linear regression model, θ = (θ1, θ2)T ∈ R2 and θ = (θ1, θ2, θ3)T ∈ R3, where θ3 = 0. In applications where outliers in the x- or y-axis direction occur in the data and residuals from ordinary least-square (OLS) linear regression model are not normally distributed, we recommend the use of the maximum simplicial depth estimators. For generalising the median to higher-dimensional settings, a variety of different maximum depth estimators have been introduced. They extend, for example, the halfplane location depth of Tukey. Let Z1,..., ZN be independent and identically distributed bivariate random variables, Zn ∈ Z ⊂ R 2, n = 1, 2,..., N. For given observati...
Stature is one of the basic anthropometric information relating to man. It reflects very sensitiv... more Stature is one of the basic anthropometric information relating to man. It reflects very sensitively a number of factors such as e.g. living conditions, sex, age, ethnicity, etc. We were mainly interested in the relationship between stature and living conditions that in each historical period are significantly influenced by social class. We compared the skeletons from the Mikulcice highest social class with skeletons from the area below the castle and from distant areas that represented the background of the first two groups. Subsequently, we compared the Great-Moravian population with recent statures acquired at the end of the 20th century.
The aim of this study is to confront the methods of traditional (classical) morphometrics (TM) wi... more The aim of this study is to confront the methods of traditional (classical) morphometrics (TM) with geometric morphometrics (GM). TM applies direct measurements of an object using some anthropometric instruments. In GM, object is analyzed in a virtual space and except the metric characteristics it is allowed to measure also the object’s shape independently of its position, orientation, and/or size. Furthermore, the study is focused on the classification of measurement errors in TM and GM, as well as the possibilities of their minimization. An overview and classification of (semi)landmarks depending on their reliability are proposed. In 2D analysis, only three types of landmarks are differentiated but in 3D approach nine types of (semi)landmarks are described. Selected curves and surface patches on the skull are also defined. A comparison of 2D and 3D analyses shows that the 2D photos (projections) are suitable for measuring only if the skull itself is not available. Only a slight ro...
Geometrical analysis of adult skulls from Předmosti. The recently rediscovered glass plate negati... more Geometrical analysis of adult skulls from Předmosti. The recently rediscovered glass plate negatives of unique skeletal fossil material from Předmosti – their estimated ranges from 25–27 000 years but they were destroyed during World War II – were studied by means of geometric morphometrics.
Dnesný antropologický výskum sa bez uplatnenia statistickeho uvažovanie nezaobide. I keď sa vacsi... more Dnesný antropologický výskum sa bez uplatnenia statistickeho uvažovanie nezaobide. I keď sa vacsina biologov, lekarov ani antropologov statistikmi nikdy nestanu, výsledky výskumov i možnosti ich publikacie na spravnom usporiadani a statistickom spracovani dat silno zavisia. Kľucovým pre obojstranne uspesnu spolupracu preto je na strane týchto odborov porozumieť zakladom statistických postupov, vedieť sa vyjadrovať aspoň zakladnou statistickou terminologiou a vedieť statistikovi vysvetliť svoj výskumný zamer; na strane statistika potom pochopiť podstatu zamerania jednotlivých odborov, charakter ich metodologie a typicke problemy, s ktorými sa po statistickej stranke stretavaju. Jedným z cieľov tejto knihy je podporiť kladný pristup mladých ľudi k využivaniu statistických prostriedkov v antropologii a ďalsich odboroch a umožniť ich aplikaciu v prostredi programu R, univerzalneho výpoctoveho prostredia, voľne dostupneho vsetkým. Tato kniha nie je „kucharskou knihou“ (pretože matematick...
Studies have suggested that dental development substantially influences the variation of mandibul... more Studies have suggested that dental development substantially influences the variation of mandibular morphology and growth in primates. As a contribution to the methodology of such studies, we introduce a novel approach to quantifying the covariation between teeth and mandible. This was done showing fluctuations in the magnitude of this covariation within a sample of modern human mandibles at different postnatal ages. Dense CTderived mandibular surface meshes of 73 females and 71 males, ranging in age from birth to adulthood, were processed by methods of geometric morphometrics. Each specimen’s deciduous and permanent teeth were rated for mineralization stage. Form-space principal component analysis of the morphometric data was used to produce a single metric variable that best explains mandibular-form variation. This variable was then used to quantify the developing teeth, all together, through the use of the additive conjoint measurement method. This new metric variable corresponds...
arXiv: Methodology, 2017
One of the data structures generated by medical imaging technology is high resolution point cloud... more One of the data structures generated by medical imaging technology is high resolution point clouds representing anatomical surfaces. Raw images are in the form of triangulated surfaces and the first step is to create a standardised representation of surface shape which provides a meaningful correspondence across different images, to provide a basis for statistical analysis. Point locations with anatomical definitions, referred to as landmarks, have been the traditional approach, with analysis and interpretation which is widely used and well understood. Landmarks can also be taken as the starting point for more general surface representations, often using templates which are warped on to an observed surface by matching landmark positions and subsequent local adjustment of the surface. The aim of the present paper is to use the intermediate structures of ridge and valley curves to capture the principal features of the manifold (surface) of interest. Landmarks are used as anchoring poi...
Tatra mountains mathematical publications, 2008
In this paper we present the maximum simplicial depth estimator and compare it to the ordinary le... more In this paper we present the maximum simplicial depth estimator and compare it to the ordinary least square estimator in examples from 2D and 3D shape analysis focusing on bivariate and multivariate allometrical problems from zoology and biological anthropology. We compare two types of estimators derived under different subsets of parametric space on the basis of the linear regression model, theta = (theta1, theta2)T in R2 and theta = (theta1, theta2, theta3)T in R3, where theta3 = 0. We also discuss monotonically decreasing linear regression models in special situations. In applications where outliers in x- or y-axis direction occur in the data and residuals from ordinary least-square linear regression model are not normally distributed, we recommend the use of the maximum simplicial depth estimators.
Nature Aging, 2021
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is partly characterized by accumulation of aberrant forms of t... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is partly characterized by accumulation of aberrant forms of tau protein. Here we report the results of ADAMANT, a 24-month double-blinded, parallel-arm, randomized phase 2 multicenter placebo-controlled trial of AADvac1, an active peptide vaccine designed to target pathological tau in AD (EudraCT 2015-000630-30). Eleven doses of AADvac1 were administered to patients with mild AD dementia at 40 μg per dose over the course of the trial. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of long-term AADvac1 treatment. The secondary objectives were to evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of AADvac1 treatment in slowing cognitive and functional decline. A total of 196 patients were randomized 3:2 between AADvac1 and placebo. AADvac1 was safe and well tolerated (AADvac1 n = 117, placebo n = 79; serious adverse events observed in 17.1% of AADvac1-treated individuals and 24.1% of placebo-treated individuals; adverse events observed in 84.6% of AADvac1-treated individuals and 81.0% of placebo-treated individuals). The vaccine induced high levels of IgG antibodies. No significant effects were found in cognitive and functional tests on the whole study sample (Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of the Boxes scale adjusted mean point difference −0.360 (95% CI −1.306, 0.589)), custom cognitive battery adjusted mean z-score difference of 0.0008 (95% CI −0.169, 0.172). We also present results from exploratory and post hoc analyses looking at relevant biomarkers and clinical outcomes in specific subgroups. Our results show that AADvac1 is safe and immunogenic, but larger stratified studies are needed to better evaluate its potential clinical efficacy and impact on disease biomarkers.
Forests, 2020
Windthrows are the most important type of disturbance occurring in the forests of Central Europe.... more Windthrows are the most important type of disturbance occurring in the forests of Central Europe. On 19 November 2004, the strong northeastern katabatic winds caused significant damage and land cover change to more than 126 km2 of spruce forests in the Tatra National Park. The risk of subsequent soil erosion and accelerated runoff has increased in the affected habitats. Similar situations may reoccur this century as a consequence of climate change. A geographical approach and detailed research of the damaged area with more comprehensive statistical analyses of 47 independent variables will help us to obtain a deeper insight into the problem of windthrow disturbances. The results are based on a detailed investigation of the damaged stands, soil, and topography. A comprehensive input dataset enabled the evaluation of abiotic controls on windthrow disturbance through the use of a generalized additive model (GAM). The GAM revealed causal linear and nonlinear relationships between the lo...
Metabolites, 2020
Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease. Currently, no biomarker o... more Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease. Currently, no biomarker of this disease is known. Diagnosis is performed through observation, standardized behavioral scales, and interviews with parents. In practice, diagnosis is often delayed to the average age of four years or even more which adversely affects a child’s perspective. A laboratory method allowing to detect the disorder at earlier stages is of a great need, as this could help the patients to start with treatment at a younger age, even prior to the clinical diagnosis. Recent evidence indicates that metabolomic markers should be considered as diagnostic markers, also serving for further differentiation and characterization of different subgroups of the autism spectrum. In this study, we developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of six metabolites in human urine. These metabolites, namely methylgua...
Neurology, 2020
ObjectiveTo investigate whether tau phosphorylated at Thr217 (p-tau T217) assay in CSF can distin... more ObjectiveTo investigate whether tau phosphorylated at Thr217 (p-tau T217) assay in CSF can distinguish patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) from patients with other dementias and healthy controls.MethodsWe developed and validated a novel Simoa immunoassay to detect p-tau T217 in CSF. There was a total of 190 participants from 3 cohorts with AD (n = 77) and other neurodegenerative diseases (n = 69) as well as healthy participants (n = 44).ResultsThe p-tau T217 assay (cutoff 242 pg/mL) identified patients with AD with accuracy of 90%, with 78% positive predictive value (PPV), 97% negative predictive value (NPV), 93% sensitivity, and 88% specificity, compared favorably with p-tau T181 ELISA (52 pg/mL), showing 78% accuracy, 58% PPV, 98% NPV, 71% specificity, and 97% sensitivity. The assay distinguished patients with AD from age-matched healthy controls (cutoff 163 pg/mL, 98% sensitivity, 93% specificity), similarly to p-tau T181 ELISA (cutoff 60 pg/mL, 96% sensitivity, 86% specificity)...
Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2018
(SCFA). The search yielded human cell culture experiments and clinical trial publications. Result... more (SCFA). The search yielded human cell culture experiments and clinical trial publications. Results: There is evidence that the gutbrain axis is influenced by the dysbiosis-provoked inflammation. Similar bacterial dysbiosis was found in both T2D and AD. A strong correlation between high levels of pro-inflammatory bacteria and CSF p-tau/Aß42 has been documented. To further the process of AD pathology, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) secretion via the autophagy-lysosome pathway are reduced by the increased levels of tau-p and Aß levels, which have been associated with direct breakdown of the autophago-lysosomal pathway. Additionally, there is a negative association between a reduced anti-inflammatory bacterial load and AD pathology. These bacteria produce SCFA, which have powerful anti-inflammatory effects. SCFA inhibit the NF-kB/miRNA125 pathway, thereby promoting neuroprotection. There is less clinical evidence for the influence of the cerebral IR in AD. However, one of the studies using PIB-PET scan measured excess amyloid deposition in those suffering from cerebral IR despite participants being normoglycemic. Conclusions: Gut dysbiosis can lead to insulin resistance in T2D and AD through inflammatory mechanisms. There is evidence that cerebral IR enhance the early underlying pathological events in AD. Moreover, pre-diabetic and diabetic states further exacerbate pathological processes implicated in AD, with some evidence pointing to the promotion of cerebral IR in the presence of peripheral IR.
The Annals of Applied Statistics, 2019
One of the data structures generated by medical imaging technology is high resolution point cloud... more One of the data structures generated by medical imaging technology is high resolution point clouds representing anatomical surfaces. Stereophotogrammetry and laser scanning are two widely available sources of this kind of data. A standardised surface representation is required to provide a meaningful correspondence across different images as a basis for statistical analysis. Point locations with anatomical definitions, referred to as landmarks, have been the traditional approach. Landmarks can also be taken as the starting point for more general surface representations, often using templates which are warped on to an observed surface by matching landmark positions and subsequent local adjustment of the surface. The aim of the present paper is to provide a new approach which places anatomical curves at the heart of the surface representation and its analysis. Curves provide intermediate structures which capture the principal features of the manifold (surface) of interest through its ridges and valleys. As landmarks are often available these are used as anchoring points, but surface curvature information is the principal guide in estimating the curve locations. The surface patches between these curves are relatively flat and can be represented in a standardised manner by appropriate surface transects to give a complete surface model. This new approach does not require the use of a template, reference sample or any external information to guide the method and, when compared with a surface based approach, the estimation of curves is shown to have improved performance. In addition, examples involving applications to mussel shells and human faces show that the analysis of curve information can deliver more targeted and effective insight than the use of full surface information.
Current behavioral neuroscience reports, 2017
In the context of human developmental conditions, we review the conceptualisation of schizophreni... more In the context of human developmental conditions, we review the conceptualisation of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder, the status of craniofacial dysmorphology as a clinically accessible index of brain dysmorphogenesis, the ability of genetically modified mouse models of craniofacial dysmorphology to inform on the underlying dysmorphogenic process and how geometric morphometric techniques in mutant mice can extend quantitative analysis. Mutant mice with disruption of neuregulin-1, a gene associated meta-analytically with risk for schizophrenia, constitute proof-of-concept studies of murine facial dysmorphology in a manner analogous to clinical studies in schizophrenia. Geometric morphometric techniques informed on the topography of facial dysmorphology and identified asymmetry therein. Targeted disruption in mice of genes involved in individual components of developmental processes and analysis of resultant facial dysmorphology using geometric morphometrics can inform ...
Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, Jan 8, 2018
Research increasingly suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizop... more Research increasingly suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. One important line of evidence comes from genetic studies, which have repeatedly detected an association between the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS or NOS1) and schizophrenia. However, the pathogenetic pathways linking nNOS, NO, and the disorder remain poorly understood. A deficit in sensorimotor gating is considered to importantly contribute to core schizophrenia symptoms such as psychotic disorganization and thought disturbance. We selected three candidate nNOS polymorphisms (Ex1f-VNTR, rs6490121 and rs41279104), associated with schizophrenia and cognition in previous studies, and tested their association with the efficiency of sensorimotor gating in healthy human adults. We found that risk variants of Ex1f-VNTR and rs6490121 (but not rs41279104) were associated with a weaker prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, a standard measure of sensor...
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Jan 15, 2018
Neurotransmitters, small molecules widely distributed in the central nervous system are essential... more Neurotransmitters, small molecules widely distributed in the central nervous system are essential in transmitting electrical signals across neurons via chemical communication. Dysregulation of these chemical signaling molecules is linked to numerous neurological diseases including tauopathies. In this study, a precise and reliable liquid chromatography method was established with tandem mass spectrometry detection for the simultaneous determination of aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid, pyroglutamic acid, acetylcholine and choline in human brain tissue. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of human brain tissues from three different tauopathies; corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam. Neurotransmitters were analyzed on ultra-high performance chromatography (UHPLC) using an ethylene bridged hybrid amide column coupled with tandem mass spectrometr...
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Papers by Stanislav Katina