Discrepancies concerning the effect of hypertension on capillaries and muscle fiber types in skel... more Discrepancies concerning the effect of hypertension on capillaries and muscle fiber types in skeletal muscle have been reported. This study demonstrates the effects of hypertension produced by deoxicorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt load on the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of the rat. Hypertension was produced by subcutaneous injections of DOCA and supplemented with drinking 1% NaCl solution. One group was treated for 7 weeks and another for 14 weeks. Fiber types were classified by ATPase reaction at pH 4.35, capillaries were counted in alpha-amylase-PAS-stained sections, and ultrastructure was studied by conventional methods of transmission electron microscopy. In the 7-week group, a decrease in the percentage of IIA, with an increase in IIB and I fiber types, was found in the EDL muscle. Capillary density was not reduced, but endothelial cells showed surface infoldings into the lumen. Altered mitochondria and an infiltrate of macrophages was present in pericytes. In the 14-week group, a decrease in capillary to fiber index was found in both soleus and EDL muscles. EDL fiber type changes were the same as at 7 weeks. The soleus muscle showed an increased percentage of type I fibers. Some capillaries were degenerated, and others showed an increase in the endothelial cell area covered with pericytes, which resembled smooth muscle cells. Hypertensive rats showed changes in the percentage of fiber types in the soleus and EDL muscles. Capillaries adjacent to muscle fibers were reduced and showed morphological changes that resembled arterioles.
Systemic diseases affect skeletal muscle, and inflammation and oxidative stress are some of the i... more Systemic diseases affect skeletal muscle, and inflammation and oxidative stress are some of the involved mechanisms. There is scarce information about the effects of essential hypertension on skeletal muscle. The soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied compared to control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. The levels of nitrite and nitrate in micromol/mg-protein; endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases, nitrotyrosine and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in ng/mg-protein were determined. Compared with controls, the SHR showed increased levels of nitrotyrosine (soleus 24.4 +/- 5.0 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3, p<0.001; EDL 20.2 +/- 4.3 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.4, p<0.0037), iNOS (soleus 26.6 +/- 3.7 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.9; EDL 21.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 11.0 +/- 0.8, both p<0.0001) and TNF-alpha (soleus 2.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1, p<0.05; EDL 1.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1, p<0.02). A decrease of eNOS was foun...
Los caballos salvajes venezolanos, descendientes directos de los caballos andaluces traidos por l... more Los caballos salvajes venezolanos, descendientes directos de los caballos andaluces traidos por los colonizadores espanoles, no han sido objeto de muchas investigaciones, quedando practicamente en el olvido. Este equino posee un temperamento nervioso, agilidad en sus movimientos y una alta capacidad de resistencia. Tales caracteristicas deben estar relacionadas directamente con una composicion de tipos de fibras musculares original. El proposito de este estudio fue caracterizar los perfiles histoquimicos y morfometricos del musculo esqueletico del caballo salvaje adulto, y compararlos con los correspondientes al caballo pura sangre de carrera (CPSC). Para la realizacion de este trabajo, se tomaron biopsias musculares al M.G. medius de veinte (20) caballos venezolanos (10 salvajes, 10 CPSC), machos, clinicamente sanos y de 3 a 9 anos de edad. Las biopsias fueron procesadas usando las tecnicas histoquimicas de la ATPasa miofibrilar (despues de preincubacion a pHs 10,3; 4,8; 4,6 y 4,37...
Rabdomiolisis por ejercicio en el caballo purasangre de cattrta venezolano, 2001
Para la realizacion del presente estudio, se tomaron biopsias musculares por puncion percutanea a... more Para la realizacion del presente estudio, se tomaron biopsias musculares por puncion percutanea al M. G. medius, asi como muestras de sangre a cincuenta y un CPSC (3-4 anos de edad). Dieciseis de estos animales (Grupo I), se encontraban clinicamente sanos e inactivos, y los treinta y cinco restantes (Grupo II), se encontraban en diferentes fases de la rabdomioliss por ejercicio (15 en la fase sub aguda, 3 en la fase aguda y 17 en la fase cronica). Los resultados histoquimicos de las muestras de musculo esqueletico del Grupo II, revelo en comparacion al Grupo I, un dano preferencial en las fibras de contraccion rapida Tipo II, disminucion en la capilaridad, reflejado por la disminucion significativa (P
La enfermedad de Fabry (EF) es un error innato del catabolismode los glucoesfingolipidos, ligado ... more La enfermedad de Fabry (EF) es un error innato del catabolismode los glucoesfingolipidos, ligado al cromosoma X,debido a la deficiencia en la actividad de la α-galactosidasaA lisosomal1, ocasionando acumulacion de globotriaosilceramida(GL3) en el plasma, y en los lisosomas del endoteliovascular2. Estos pacientes presentan hipoactividad fisicamultifactorial que puede conllevar a una disminucion del desarrollomuscular esqueletico.Objetivo: Conocer cual es el efecto de la terapia de reemplazoenzimatico (TRE) con agalsidasa B sobre el musculoesqueletico.Metodos: ensayo clinico autocontrolado de dos pacientescon Enfermedad de Fabry Clasica, a quienes se les tomomuestra de musculo esqueletico para microscopia electronicay estudio histoquimico y bioquimico, antes y despues de6 meses de TRE.Resultados: se observaron fibras musculares del tipo IIAprevio al inicio de la TRE, con conservacion de la estructurade la sarcomera, con lineas Z gruesas y rectas, plegamientosdel sarcolema, espacios in...
... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; ... more ... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; L. Hernando. (1980) IgA glomerulonephritis (Berger&#x27;s disease)evidence of high serum levels of polymeric IgA. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 42:247254, pmid:6781799. ...
... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; ... more ... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; L. Hernando. (1980) IgA glomerulonephritis (Berger&#x27;s disease)evidence of high serum levels of polymeric IgA. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 42:247254, pmid:6781799. ...
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013
To determine the magnitude of Plasmodium vivax relapsing malaria in rural Amazonia, we carried ou... more To determine the magnitude of Plasmodium vivax relapsing malaria in rural Amazonia, we carried out a study in four sites in northeastern Peru. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of PvMSP-3a and tandem repeat (TR) markers were compared for their ability to distinguish relapse versus reinfection. Of 1,507 subjects with P. vivax malaria, 354 developed 1 episode during the study; 97 of 354 (27.5%) were defined as relapse using Pvmsp-3a alone. The addition of TR polymorphism analysis significantly reduced the number of definitively defined relapses to 26 of 354 (7.4%) (P 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed that the probability of having 1 infection was associated with the following: subjects in Mazan (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87, 3.51), 15-44 years of age (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.03, 2.15), traveling for job purposes (OR = 1.45; 95%CI 1.03, 2.06), and travel within past month (OR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.0, 2.14). The high discriminatory capacity of the molecular tools shown here is useful for understanding the micro-geography of malaria transmission.
This analysis presents a comprehensive description of malaria burden and risk factors in Peruvian... more This analysis presents a comprehensive description of malaria burden and risk factors in Peruvian Amazon villages where malaria transmission is hypoendemic. More than 9000 subjects were studied in contrasting village settings within the Department of Loreto, Peru, where most malaria occurs in the country. Plasmodium vivax is responsible for more than 75% of malaria cases; severe disease from any form of malaria is uncommon and death rare. The association between lifetime malaria episodes and individual and household covariates was studied using polychotomous logistic regression analysis, assessing effects on odds of some vs. no lifetime malaria episodes. Malaria morbidity during lifetime was strongly associated with age, logging, farming, travel history, and living with a logger or agriculturist. Select groups of adults, particularly loggers and agriculturists acquire multiple malaria infections in transmission settings outside of the main domicile, and may be mobile human reservoirs by which malaria parasites move within and between micro-regions within malaria endemic settings. For example, such individuals might well be reservoirs of transmission by introducing or reintroducing malaria into their home villages and their own households, depending on vector ecology and the local village setting. Therefore, socio-demographic studies can identify people with the epidemiological characteristic of transmission risk, and these individuals would be prime targets against which to deploy transmission blocking strategies along with insecticide treated bednets and chemoprophylaxis.
There is evidence that myocardial infarction (MI) patients have an inflammatory process that incl... more There is evidence that myocardial infarction (MI) patients have an inflammatory process that includes skeletal muscles, and exercise has been reported to reduce some inflammatory markers. The aim of this work was to study NO and some inflammatory markers in quadriceps muscle of MI patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation. Muscle biopsy was obtained in 17 MI patients before and after CR and only once in 11 healthy subjects. Several cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters were evaluated and skeletal muscle levels of nitric oxide synthases, nitrate, nitrite, nitrotyrosine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and CD154. After CR there was an increase in maximal oxygen consumption (21.2 ± 1.4 vs 25.7 ± 2.5 mL/kg/min, P < 0.0001); work load (116.2 ± 14.9 vs 140 ± 17 W, P < 0.0001); pulmonary ventilation (59.8 ± 7,5 vs 73.8 ± 11.6 L/min, P < 0.0001); anaerobic threshold (53.8% ± 3.5% vs 60.2% ± 3.3% of maxi...
Discrepancies concerning the effect of hypertension on capillaries and muscle fiber types in skel... more Discrepancies concerning the effect of hypertension on capillaries and muscle fiber types in skeletal muscle have been reported. This study demonstrates the effects of hypertension produced by deoxicorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt load on the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of the rat. Hypertension was produced by subcutaneous injections of DOCA and supplemented with drinking 1% NaCl solution. One group was treated for 7 weeks and another for 14 weeks. Fiber types were classified by ATPase reaction at pH 4.35, capillaries were counted in alpha-amylase-PAS-stained sections, and ultrastructure was studied by conventional methods of transmission electron microscopy. In the 7-week group, a decrease in the percentage of IIA, with an increase in IIB and I fiber types, was found in the EDL muscle. Capillary density was not reduced, but endothelial cells showed surface infoldings into the lumen. Altered mitochondria and an infiltrate of macrophages was present in pericytes. In the 14-week group, a decrease in capillary to fiber index was found in both soleus and EDL muscles. EDL fiber type changes were the same as at 7 weeks. The soleus muscle showed an increased percentage of type I fibers. Some capillaries were degenerated, and others showed an increase in the endothelial cell area covered with pericytes, which resembled smooth muscle cells. Hypertensive rats showed changes in the percentage of fiber types in the soleus and EDL muscles. Capillaries adjacent to muscle fibers were reduced and showed morphological changes that resembled arterioles.
Systemic diseases affect skeletal muscle, and inflammation and oxidative stress are some of the i... more Systemic diseases affect skeletal muscle, and inflammation and oxidative stress are some of the involved mechanisms. There is scarce information about the effects of essential hypertension on skeletal muscle. The soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied compared to control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. The levels of nitrite and nitrate in micromol/mg-protein; endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases, nitrotyrosine and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in ng/mg-protein were determined. Compared with controls, the SHR showed increased levels of nitrotyrosine (soleus 24.4 +/- 5.0 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3, p<0.001; EDL 20.2 +/- 4.3 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.4, p<0.0037), iNOS (soleus 26.6 +/- 3.7 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.9; EDL 21.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 11.0 +/- 0.8, both p<0.0001) and TNF-alpha (soleus 2.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1, p<0.05; EDL 1.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1, p<0.02). A decrease of eNOS was foun...
Los caballos salvajes venezolanos, descendientes directos de los caballos andaluces traidos por l... more Los caballos salvajes venezolanos, descendientes directos de los caballos andaluces traidos por los colonizadores espanoles, no han sido objeto de muchas investigaciones, quedando practicamente en el olvido. Este equino posee un temperamento nervioso, agilidad en sus movimientos y una alta capacidad de resistencia. Tales caracteristicas deben estar relacionadas directamente con una composicion de tipos de fibras musculares original. El proposito de este estudio fue caracterizar los perfiles histoquimicos y morfometricos del musculo esqueletico del caballo salvaje adulto, y compararlos con los correspondientes al caballo pura sangre de carrera (CPSC). Para la realizacion de este trabajo, se tomaron biopsias musculares al M.G. medius de veinte (20) caballos venezolanos (10 salvajes, 10 CPSC), machos, clinicamente sanos y de 3 a 9 anos de edad. Las biopsias fueron procesadas usando las tecnicas histoquimicas de la ATPasa miofibrilar (despues de preincubacion a pHs 10,3; 4,8; 4,6 y 4,37...
Rabdomiolisis por ejercicio en el caballo purasangre de cattrta venezolano, 2001
Para la realizacion del presente estudio, se tomaron biopsias musculares por puncion percutanea a... more Para la realizacion del presente estudio, se tomaron biopsias musculares por puncion percutanea al M. G. medius, asi como muestras de sangre a cincuenta y un CPSC (3-4 anos de edad). Dieciseis de estos animales (Grupo I), se encontraban clinicamente sanos e inactivos, y los treinta y cinco restantes (Grupo II), se encontraban en diferentes fases de la rabdomioliss por ejercicio (15 en la fase sub aguda, 3 en la fase aguda y 17 en la fase cronica). Los resultados histoquimicos de las muestras de musculo esqueletico del Grupo II, revelo en comparacion al Grupo I, un dano preferencial en las fibras de contraccion rapida Tipo II, disminucion en la capilaridad, reflejado por la disminucion significativa (P
La enfermedad de Fabry (EF) es un error innato del catabolismode los glucoesfingolipidos, ligado ... more La enfermedad de Fabry (EF) es un error innato del catabolismode los glucoesfingolipidos, ligado al cromosoma X,debido a la deficiencia en la actividad de la α-galactosidasaA lisosomal1, ocasionando acumulacion de globotriaosilceramida(GL3) en el plasma, y en los lisosomas del endoteliovascular2. Estos pacientes presentan hipoactividad fisicamultifactorial que puede conllevar a una disminucion del desarrollomuscular esqueletico.Objetivo: Conocer cual es el efecto de la terapia de reemplazoenzimatico (TRE) con agalsidasa B sobre el musculoesqueletico.Metodos: ensayo clinico autocontrolado de dos pacientescon Enfermedad de Fabry Clasica, a quienes se les tomomuestra de musculo esqueletico para microscopia electronicay estudio histoquimico y bioquimico, antes y despues de6 meses de TRE.Resultados: se observaron fibras musculares del tipo IIAprevio al inicio de la TRE, con conservacion de la estructurade la sarcomera, con lineas Z gruesas y rectas, plegamientosdel sarcolema, espacios in...
... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; ... more ... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; L. Hernando. (1980) IgA glomerulonephritis (Berger&#x27;s disease)evidence of high serum levels of polymeric IgA. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 42:247254, pmid:6781799. ...
... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; ... more ... J. Clin. Invest. 104:7381, pmid:10393701. Medline. ↵: Trascasa, ML,; J. Egido,; L. Sancho,; L. Hernando. (1980) IgA glomerulonephritis (Berger&#x27;s disease)evidence of high serum levels of polymeric IgA. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 42:247254, pmid:6781799. ...
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013
To determine the magnitude of Plasmodium vivax relapsing malaria in rural Amazonia, we carried ou... more To determine the magnitude of Plasmodium vivax relapsing malaria in rural Amazonia, we carried out a study in four sites in northeastern Peru. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of PvMSP-3a and tandem repeat (TR) markers were compared for their ability to distinguish relapse versus reinfection. Of 1,507 subjects with P. vivax malaria, 354 developed 1 episode during the study; 97 of 354 (27.5%) were defined as relapse using Pvmsp-3a alone. The addition of TR polymorphism analysis significantly reduced the number of definitively defined relapses to 26 of 354 (7.4%) (P 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed that the probability of having 1 infection was associated with the following: subjects in Mazan (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87, 3.51), 15-44 years of age (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.03, 2.15), traveling for job purposes (OR = 1.45; 95%CI 1.03, 2.06), and travel within past month (OR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.0, 2.14). The high discriminatory capacity of the molecular tools shown here is useful for understanding the micro-geography of malaria transmission.
This analysis presents a comprehensive description of malaria burden and risk factors in Peruvian... more This analysis presents a comprehensive description of malaria burden and risk factors in Peruvian Amazon villages where malaria transmission is hypoendemic. More than 9000 subjects were studied in contrasting village settings within the Department of Loreto, Peru, where most malaria occurs in the country. Plasmodium vivax is responsible for more than 75% of malaria cases; severe disease from any form of malaria is uncommon and death rare. The association between lifetime malaria episodes and individual and household covariates was studied using polychotomous logistic regression analysis, assessing effects on odds of some vs. no lifetime malaria episodes. Malaria morbidity during lifetime was strongly associated with age, logging, farming, travel history, and living with a logger or agriculturist. Select groups of adults, particularly loggers and agriculturists acquire multiple malaria infections in transmission settings outside of the main domicile, and may be mobile human reservoirs by which malaria parasites move within and between micro-regions within malaria endemic settings. For example, such individuals might well be reservoirs of transmission by introducing or reintroducing malaria into their home villages and their own households, depending on vector ecology and the local village setting. Therefore, socio-demographic studies can identify people with the epidemiological characteristic of transmission risk, and these individuals would be prime targets against which to deploy transmission blocking strategies along with insecticide treated bednets and chemoprophylaxis.
There is evidence that myocardial infarction (MI) patients have an inflammatory process that incl... more There is evidence that myocardial infarction (MI) patients have an inflammatory process that includes skeletal muscles, and exercise has been reported to reduce some inflammatory markers. The aim of this work was to study NO and some inflammatory markers in quadriceps muscle of MI patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation. Muscle biopsy was obtained in 17 MI patients before and after CR and only once in 11 healthy subjects. Several cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters were evaluated and skeletal muscle levels of nitric oxide synthases, nitrate, nitrite, nitrotyrosine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and CD154. After CR there was an increase in maximal oxygen consumption (21.2 ± 1.4 vs 25.7 ± 2.5 mL/kg/min, P < 0.0001); work load (116.2 ± 14.9 vs 140 ± 17 W, P < 0.0001); pulmonary ventilation (59.8 ± 7,5 vs 73.8 ± 11.6 L/min, P < 0.0001); anaerobic threshold (53.8% ± 3.5% vs 60.2% ± 3.3% of maxi...
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