IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
This paper directly observe the impact of wind-sand factor on Photovoltaic (PV) panel. Taking int... more This paper directly observe the impact of wind-sand factor on Photovoltaic (PV) panel. Taking into account the influence of this factor, based on the simulation of FLUENT, this paper simulates the situation of PV panels in the wind-sand two phases flow field. For a PV power generation system, sand and dust have the greatest impact, which not only block the PV panels, but also increase the temperature. Furthermore, it damage the surface of the panel, reducing its efficiency. The cleaning cycle of the PV panel is predicted by observing the accumulation of dust.
The security of wireless systems has become a growing challenge resulting from the expansion of t... more The security of wireless systems has become a growing challenge resulting from the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) into everyday life. Despite the many advantages driving the adoption of IoT devices, their proliferation increases the surface susceptible to advanced attacks that aim to misuse their resources and cause interruptions, delays, losses and degradation of the offered services in IoT. This paper introduces a chaotic transmission for Near Field Communication (NFC) Topology, based on the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems. Traditional WPT circuits are based on inverters to create an oscillation for the transmitter coil. This results in systems relying only on software security. Therefore, we have introduced this topology which adopts chaotic encryption for NFC security. Furthermore, the proposed system is immune to Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks. The simulation results and tests prove the functionality of the chaotic WPT based on the Chua's diode and their synchronisation between transmitter and receiver. The chaos generated is sampled by an electronic board and can be used for cryptography coding based on Python. The application for this system is a new NFC digital code for accessing the IoT services.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019
Interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) often work under flux weakening state in e... more Interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) often work under flux weakening state in electrical vehicles for higher speed. But unavoidable faults might occur during that process, after which the power transistors are switched off immediately and the battery packs are charged through the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier composed of six flywheel diodes. That is also renowned as uncontrolled generation (UCG) operation which needs to be well understood to avoid damage to either inverter or battery. In order to achieve more accurate analytical results, this paper proposes an improved steady-state model of the drive system for UCG analysis. On the basis of the model, the parameter dependencies are detailed. The voltage and current characteristics of UCG and the effectiveness of the proposed steady-state model are verified by experimental results.
There are several non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules related to aging in a PV array... more There are several non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules related to aging in a PV array. These subsequently bring about non-uniform operating parameters with individual PV modules, causing a variance in the PV array performance. The current study undertakes an indoor experimental study to establish and positively affect the efficacy of a non-uniform aged 2 $\times 4$ PV array, with a commercially available small panel module of 0.36W (monocrystalline). This paper proposes a gene evolution algorithm (GEA) for offline reconfiguration that can provide more significant output power compared to non-uniformly aged PV arrays through repositioning instead of replacing aged PV modules, which will help lower maintenance expenses. This reconfiguration requires data input from the PV module’s electrical properties in order to select ideal reconfiguration setups. The outcomes show that greater output power can be facilitated through a non-uniformly aged PV array and used on many differ...
The security of powering systems has been a major problem over the last decade, leading to an inc... more The security of powering systems has been a major problem over the last decade, leading to an increased interest in wireless power and data transfer. In this research paper, a new inductive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) circuit topology has been used. In traditional WPT circuits, the inverters are used to produce an oscillation for the transmitter coils. The classic WPT system includes intrinsic energy dissipation sources due to the use of switches, necessitating the need of an extra control circuit to ensure proper switching time. Furthermore, they have limited data encryption capabilities. As a result, an unique WPT system based on memristors has been developed, eliminating the need for switches. Furthermore, because this novel topology communicates a synchronised chaotic behaviour, it becomes highly beneficial. This circuit may be used in Near Field Communication (NFC), where chaotic true random numbers (TRNG) can be generated to increase security. The results of simulations indi...
In the recent years, the wireless power transfer technique has attracted a lot of attention in re... more In the recent years, the wireless power transfer technique has attracted a lot of attention in research. As a result, it is becoming an increasingly popular technology in consumer electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, there are other methods in which energy could be transmitted, and they could be further classified according to their working ranges, namely the near-field and the far-field transmission. In this chapter, an overview on the principles of different types of wireless power transmission is described. Then, the investigation of the receiver block is discussed through studying the features of rectifier technologies. Later, the book continues to describe the Rectenna system (rectifying antenna) adopted to the Internet of Things (IoT) wireless charge in remote locations.
Over the past few years, electricity demand has been on the rise. This has resulted in renewable ... more Over the past few years, electricity demand has been on the rise. This has resulted in renewable energy resources being used rapidly, considering the shortage as well as the environmental impacts of fossil fuel. A renewable energy source that has become increasingly popular is photovoltaic (PV) energy as it is environmentally friendly. Installing PV modules, however, has to ensure harsh environments including temperature, dust, birds drop, hotspot, and storm. Thus, the phenomena of the non-uniform aging of PV modules has become unavoidable, negatively affecting the performance of PV plants, particularly during the middle and latter duration of their service life. The idea here is to decrease the capital of maintenance and operation costs involved in medium- and large-scale PV power plants and improving the power efficiency. Hence, the present paper generated an offline PV module reconfiguration strategy considering the non-uniform aging PV array to ensure that this effect is mitigat...
The new technology solutions are playing an important role in the hardware security. One of the l... more The new technology solutions are playing an important role in the hardware security. One of the latest techniques is the use of the Memristor as an encryption element. In this paper, it has been introduced a two-column array inductor for Memristor-Based Wireless Power Transfer (M-WPT) systems. The traditional WPT circuits are based on switches, which do require a control circuit for timing and have low data encryption factor. By adopting the memristive Chua's circuit with the chaotic behaviour characteristic, it is possible to create a symmetrical dual-key cryptography. Furthermore, in this innovative solution, the high inductance value of the traditional Chua circuit can be further reduced by using the dynamic effects of the coils flux linkage. The simulation results exhibit the dual-scroll attractors phase portrait, which is available for encryption features. Therefore, the data collected from the phase portrait are used as true random number generator in Python code. Instead of using algorithms, the code can create a symmetrical key for an unique chaotic cryptography. In order to build a prototype, it has been created a PCB design for the whole system. The experiment highlights the unpredictable voltage and current and validates the chaotic behaviour of the transmitter and receiver.
Photovoltaic (PV) module working conditions lack consistency and PV array power outputs fluctuate... more Photovoltaic (PV) module working conditions lack consistency and PV array power outputs fluctuate due to the non-uniform impact that aging has on various PV modules in a PV array. No assessment has been conducted on the energy potential of a non-uniform PV array, despite the fact that the maximum power point (MPP) can be tracked by global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT). Therefore, the present work undertakes such an assessment by devising an algorithm to optimise the PV array electrical structure as the PV modules undergo aging in a non-uniform way. To enable PV arrays with non-uniform aging to produce as much power as possible and to make maintenance more cost-effective, the work puts forward a novel approach for reconfiguring PV arrays, where the PV modules are repositioned by retaining the aged PV modules. By this approach, the selection of the best reconfiguration topology necessitates the information on the electrical parameters associated with the PV modules in an array....
Aging is known to exert various non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules within a PV arra... more Aging is known to exert various non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules within a PV array that consequently can result in non-uniform operational parameters affecting the individual PV modules, leading to a variable power output of the overall PV array. This study presents an algorithm for optimising the configuration of a PV array within which different PV modules are subject to non-uniform aging processes. The PV array reconfiguration approach suggests maximising power generation across non-uniformly aged PV arrays by merely repositioning, rather than replacing, the PV modules, thereby keeping maintenance costs to a minimum. Such a reconfiguration strategy demands data input on the PV module electrical parameters so that optimal reconfiguration arrangements can be selected. The algorithm repetitively sorts the PV modules according to a hierarchical pattern to minimise the impact of module mismatch arising due to non-uniform aging of panels across the array. Computer model...
Over the past few years, interest and research in wireless power transfer (WPT) have been rapidly... more Over the past few years, interest and research in wireless power transfer (WPT) have been rapidly incrementing, and as an effect, this is a remarkable technology in many electronic devices, electric vehicles and medical devices. However, most of the applications have been limited to very close distances because of efficiency concerns. Even though the inductive power transfer technique is becoming relatively mature, it has not shown near-field results more than a few metres away transmission. This review is focused on two fundamental aspects: the power efficiency and the transmission distance in WPT systems. Introducing the principles and the boundaries, scientific articles will be reviewed and discussed in terms of their methods and respective challenges. This paper also shows more important results in efficiency and distance obtained, clearly explaining the theory behind and obstacles to overcome. Furthermore, an overlook in other aspects and the latest research studies for this te...
To have a stable frequency reference for electrochemical impedance system, an on-chip CMOS relaxa... more To have a stable frequency reference for electrochemical impedance system, an on-chip CMOS relaxation oscillator, with voltage averaging feedback using a reference proportional to supply voltage is presented. A voltage averaging feedback concept is proposed to overcome conventional relaxation oscillator problems such as sensitivity to comparator delay, aging, and flicker noise of current sources. In addition as auxiliary system, we have done level shifter, passgate, custom digital cells
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
This paper directly observe the impact of wind-sand factor on Photovoltaic (PV) panel. Taking int... more This paper directly observe the impact of wind-sand factor on Photovoltaic (PV) panel. Taking into account the influence of this factor, based on the simulation of FLUENT, this paper simulates the situation of PV panels in the wind-sand two phases flow field. For a PV power generation system, sand and dust have the greatest impact, which not only block the PV panels, but also increase the temperature. Furthermore, it damage the surface of the panel, reducing its efficiency. The cleaning cycle of the PV panel is predicted by observing the accumulation of dust.
The security of wireless systems has become a growing challenge resulting from the expansion of t... more The security of wireless systems has become a growing challenge resulting from the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) into everyday life. Despite the many advantages driving the adoption of IoT devices, their proliferation increases the surface susceptible to advanced attacks that aim to misuse their resources and cause interruptions, delays, losses and degradation of the offered services in IoT. This paper introduces a chaotic transmission for Near Field Communication (NFC) Topology, based on the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems. Traditional WPT circuits are based on inverters to create an oscillation for the transmitter coil. This results in systems relying only on software security. Therefore, we have introduced this topology which adopts chaotic encryption for NFC security. Furthermore, the proposed system is immune to Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks. The simulation results and tests prove the functionality of the chaotic WPT based on the Chua's diode and their synchronisation between transmitter and receiver. The chaos generated is sampled by an electronic board and can be used for cryptography coding based on Python. The application for this system is a new NFC digital code for accessing the IoT services.
IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019
Interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) often work under flux weakening state in e... more Interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) often work under flux weakening state in electrical vehicles for higher speed. But unavoidable faults might occur during that process, after which the power transistors are switched off immediately and the battery packs are charged through the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier composed of six flywheel diodes. That is also renowned as uncontrolled generation (UCG) operation which needs to be well understood to avoid damage to either inverter or battery. In order to achieve more accurate analytical results, this paper proposes an improved steady-state model of the drive system for UCG analysis. On the basis of the model, the parameter dependencies are detailed. The voltage and current characteristics of UCG and the effectiveness of the proposed steady-state model are verified by experimental results.
There are several non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules related to aging in a PV array... more There are several non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules related to aging in a PV array. These subsequently bring about non-uniform operating parameters with individual PV modules, causing a variance in the PV array performance. The current study undertakes an indoor experimental study to establish and positively affect the efficacy of a non-uniform aged 2 $\times 4$ PV array, with a commercially available small panel module of 0.36W (monocrystalline). This paper proposes a gene evolution algorithm (GEA) for offline reconfiguration that can provide more significant output power compared to non-uniformly aged PV arrays through repositioning instead of replacing aged PV modules, which will help lower maintenance expenses. This reconfiguration requires data input from the PV module’s electrical properties in order to select ideal reconfiguration setups. The outcomes show that greater output power can be facilitated through a non-uniformly aged PV array and used on many differ...
The security of powering systems has been a major problem over the last decade, leading to an inc... more The security of powering systems has been a major problem over the last decade, leading to an increased interest in wireless power and data transfer. In this research paper, a new inductive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) circuit topology has been used. In traditional WPT circuits, the inverters are used to produce an oscillation for the transmitter coils. The classic WPT system includes intrinsic energy dissipation sources due to the use of switches, necessitating the need of an extra control circuit to ensure proper switching time. Furthermore, they have limited data encryption capabilities. As a result, an unique WPT system based on memristors has been developed, eliminating the need for switches. Furthermore, because this novel topology communicates a synchronised chaotic behaviour, it becomes highly beneficial. This circuit may be used in Near Field Communication (NFC), where chaotic true random numbers (TRNG) can be generated to increase security. The results of simulations indi...
In the recent years, the wireless power transfer technique has attracted a lot of attention in re... more In the recent years, the wireless power transfer technique has attracted a lot of attention in research. As a result, it is becoming an increasingly popular technology in consumer electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, there are other methods in which energy could be transmitted, and they could be further classified according to their working ranges, namely the near-field and the far-field transmission. In this chapter, an overview on the principles of different types of wireless power transmission is described. Then, the investigation of the receiver block is discussed through studying the features of rectifier technologies. Later, the book continues to describe the Rectenna system (rectifying antenna) adopted to the Internet of Things (IoT) wireless charge in remote locations.
Over the past few years, electricity demand has been on the rise. This has resulted in renewable ... more Over the past few years, electricity demand has been on the rise. This has resulted in renewable energy resources being used rapidly, considering the shortage as well as the environmental impacts of fossil fuel. A renewable energy source that has become increasingly popular is photovoltaic (PV) energy as it is environmentally friendly. Installing PV modules, however, has to ensure harsh environments including temperature, dust, birds drop, hotspot, and storm. Thus, the phenomena of the non-uniform aging of PV modules has become unavoidable, negatively affecting the performance of PV plants, particularly during the middle and latter duration of their service life. The idea here is to decrease the capital of maintenance and operation costs involved in medium- and large-scale PV power plants and improving the power efficiency. Hence, the present paper generated an offline PV module reconfiguration strategy considering the non-uniform aging PV array to ensure that this effect is mitigat...
The new technology solutions are playing an important role in the hardware security. One of the l... more The new technology solutions are playing an important role in the hardware security. One of the latest techniques is the use of the Memristor as an encryption element. In this paper, it has been introduced a two-column array inductor for Memristor-Based Wireless Power Transfer (M-WPT) systems. The traditional WPT circuits are based on switches, which do require a control circuit for timing and have low data encryption factor. By adopting the memristive Chua's circuit with the chaotic behaviour characteristic, it is possible to create a symmetrical dual-key cryptography. Furthermore, in this innovative solution, the high inductance value of the traditional Chua circuit can be further reduced by using the dynamic effects of the coils flux linkage. The simulation results exhibit the dual-scroll attractors phase portrait, which is available for encryption features. Therefore, the data collected from the phase portrait are used as true random number generator in Python code. Instead of using algorithms, the code can create a symmetrical key for an unique chaotic cryptography. In order to build a prototype, it has been created a PCB design for the whole system. The experiment highlights the unpredictable voltage and current and validates the chaotic behaviour of the transmitter and receiver.
Photovoltaic (PV) module working conditions lack consistency and PV array power outputs fluctuate... more Photovoltaic (PV) module working conditions lack consistency and PV array power outputs fluctuate due to the non-uniform impact that aging has on various PV modules in a PV array. No assessment has been conducted on the energy potential of a non-uniform PV array, despite the fact that the maximum power point (MPP) can be tracked by global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT). Therefore, the present work undertakes such an assessment by devising an algorithm to optimise the PV array electrical structure as the PV modules undergo aging in a non-uniform way. To enable PV arrays with non-uniform aging to produce as much power as possible and to make maintenance more cost-effective, the work puts forward a novel approach for reconfiguring PV arrays, where the PV modules are repositioned by retaining the aged PV modules. By this approach, the selection of the best reconfiguration topology necessitates the information on the electrical parameters associated with the PV modules in an array....
Aging is known to exert various non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules within a PV arra... more Aging is known to exert various non-uniform effects on photovoltaic (PV) modules within a PV array that consequently can result in non-uniform operational parameters affecting the individual PV modules, leading to a variable power output of the overall PV array. This study presents an algorithm for optimising the configuration of a PV array within which different PV modules are subject to non-uniform aging processes. The PV array reconfiguration approach suggests maximising power generation across non-uniformly aged PV arrays by merely repositioning, rather than replacing, the PV modules, thereby keeping maintenance costs to a minimum. Such a reconfiguration strategy demands data input on the PV module electrical parameters so that optimal reconfiguration arrangements can be selected. The algorithm repetitively sorts the PV modules according to a hierarchical pattern to minimise the impact of module mismatch arising due to non-uniform aging of panels across the array. Computer model...
Over the past few years, interest and research in wireless power transfer (WPT) have been rapidly... more Over the past few years, interest and research in wireless power transfer (WPT) have been rapidly incrementing, and as an effect, this is a remarkable technology in many electronic devices, electric vehicles and medical devices. However, most of the applications have been limited to very close distances because of efficiency concerns. Even though the inductive power transfer technique is becoming relatively mature, it has not shown near-field results more than a few metres away transmission. This review is focused on two fundamental aspects: the power efficiency and the transmission distance in WPT systems. Introducing the principles and the boundaries, scientific articles will be reviewed and discussed in terms of their methods and respective challenges. This paper also shows more important results in efficiency and distance obtained, clearly explaining the theory behind and obstacles to overcome. Furthermore, an overlook in other aspects and the latest research studies for this te...
To have a stable frequency reference for electrochemical impedance system, an on-chip CMOS relaxa... more To have a stable frequency reference for electrochemical impedance system, an on-chip CMOS relaxation oscillator, with voltage averaging feedback using a reference proportional to supply voltage is presented. A voltage averaging feedback concept is proposed to overcome conventional relaxation oscillator problems such as sensitivity to comparator delay, aging, and flicker noise of current sources. In addition as auxiliary system, we have done level shifter, passgate, custom digital cells
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