Dictatorial rule has been a serious threat to the progress of most of the under-developed part of... more Dictatorial rule has been a serious threat to the progress of most of the under-developed part of the world. Since Latin America constitutes a substantial part of the Third World and is mostly governed by either civil or military dictators, the causes and effects of dictatorial rule have been a favourite subject of the fiction writers of this region. The magical-realist fiction writers have been most eloquent in highlighting flaws inherent in such type of governments, weather in Chile, Colombia, Argentina, or Venezuela. García Márquez’s novel The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975/2007) is a protest against the dictatorial system in Latin America. The present study deals with the way García Márquez used the technique of magical realism to establish that autocrats and despotic rulers are a challenge to the development of a place and prosperity of its people. The close-reading approach/technique has been adopted to determine the causes and effects of dictatorial rule in the miniature world...
This chapter highlights the issues and challenges related to gender that Pakistani society is cur... more This chapter highlights the issues and challenges related to gender that Pakistani society is currently facing. Globally, there is a trend to only report gender differences rather than gender similarities across life domains, and Pakistan also conforms to this rule. This trend maintains the gender gap and hinders the true understanding of any phenomenon. Sexism, gender stereotypes, and gender discrimination are outcomes of this gender gap. Therefore, our aim is to identify the major challenges that men, women, and transgender individuals face in Pakistan, the factors underlying these challenges, and to provide recommendations for possible solutions to make gender our strength.
Work and family play an important role in an individual's life. With the increased demands at wor... more Work and family play an important role in an individual's life. With the increased demands at work and changing gender roles, employees, today, are more concerned about how to maintain a balance between the demands of work and family roles. They can face difficulties in keeping a balance between the demanding roles in the spheres of work and family which has been referred to as work-family conflict (Leineweber, Baltzer, Hanson, & Westerlund, 2013). Being originated 132 RAFIQUE, MASOOD AND AHMAD from role theory (Merton, 1957), this construct has been playing important role in research in the area of work-family interface. According to Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), WFC is "a form of inter-role conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible" (p. 77).
Psychological flexibility is considered an important factor affecting various individual and rela... more Psychological flexibility is considered an important factor affecting various individual and relational outcomes, however, there are limited cross-culturally validated measures available. The objective of the present study was to translate and to assess the psychometric properties of Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010) which is a well-known measure of this construct. The research was carried out in two stages. The first stage comprised of three phases. In the Phase I the scale was translated into Urdu language, while cross language validity and construct language validity was established in Phase II and Phase III respectively. The sample comprised of 300 married women (n = 146) and men (n = 154) with age range 17-65 years (M = 37.60, SD = 9.06). Findings suggested that the measure had good construct validity. In the second stage, convergent validity of the Urdu version was established with the Mindfulness Scale (Neff, 2003). A positive correlation wa...
This study aims to translate, validate and to establish the psychometric properties for the Toler... more This study aims to translate, validate and to establish the psychometric properties for the Tolerance for Disagreement Scale, originally developed by Teven, McCroskey, and Richmond (1998) in Urdu language to be used in Pakistan. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 15 items (7 positive & 8 negative items). The process of scale translation was carried out by following the translation and adaptation guidelines of Brislin (1980). The items were translated in accordance with the local Pakistani cultural values. Initially the reliability of the translated instrument was tested on a sample of N = 30 married couples (husbands n = 30 & wives n = 30). The translated version showed good reliability (α = .90) which indicated that it was a suitable scale to be used with Pakistani married people. Furthermore, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed on a sample of N = 400 people (husbands n = 200 & wives n = 200), in order to validate its factor structure. The Confirmatory factor Analysis indicated that the translated scale was a valid measure to be used in Pakistan. Hence, this study succeeded in the translation and adaptation of the scale for Pakistani population which can be used in research and clinical settings.
Research has demonstrated that criminal attitudes are a primary predictor of criminal conduct; he... more Research has demonstrated that criminal attitudes are a primary predictor of criminal conduct; hence, measuring attitudes is important. The Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified (CSS-M) is a widely used measure of criminal attitudes; however, its psychometric properties have been established primarily on Western samples and there is a pressing need to translate the scale into other languages. Hence, the objective of this research was to translate CSS-M into the Urdu language and validate it. This objective was achieved in three studies on samples of young adults. In Study I, the scale was translated and its cross-language validation was established. In Study II, the factor structure of the CSS-M was examined through CFA. In Study III, interscale correlations and gender differences were examined. Findings demonstrated that CSS-M is a reliable and valid instrument when assessing attitudes toward crime in the Pakistani sample.
This article explores the ways in which magical realism has been helpful to Gabriel García Márque... more This article explores the ways in which magical realism has been helpful to Gabriel García Márquez in raising a voice of protest against social injustice in his novella Crónica de una muerte anunciada [Chronicle of a Death Foretold, (Chronicle) 1981/1983], a protest against two contributing factors, honour killing and slavery. Our study undertakes a close reading of the text within the framework developed from postcolonial theory and new historicism. We argue that throughout Chronicle, Garcia Márquez highlights the concept of honour as a thriving cultural phenomenon in the Latin American society and raises a voice of protest against several other issues, including racial discrimination as an after effect of slavery.
Positive psychology has highlighted that emotional intelligence and resilience play an important ... more Positive psychology has highlighted that emotional intelligence and resilience play an important role in individual‟s success in society. However, the role of parental rearing practices with relation to emotional intelligence and resilience has not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study was an endeavor to explore the role of parental rearing practices particularly, emotional warmth in predicting emotional intelligence and resilience among young adults. Sample comprised of 465 students (227 women, 238 men) with age ranged from 18-26 years (M =21.4; SD =1.88) from public and private sector universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected through Convenient Sampling Technique. Instruments used in present study were; Egna Minnen Betriifende Uppfostran (EMBU) Scale (Arrindell, 1999; translated by Zafar, 2014) for measuring emotional warmth; Resiliency Scale (ER89) (Aslam, 2007), and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Wong & Law, 2002). Results revealed that perceived emot...
The current study was conducted to explore the relationship between psychological capital and men... more The current study was conducted to explore the relationship between psychological capital and mental health of rescue workers. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to collect data from 502 male rescue workers with their age ranging from 22 to 44 years by using purposive-convenience sampling. Urdu versions of Mental Health Inventory (Khan, Hanif, and Tariq, 2015) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Self-Rater Short Form; Abbasi, 2015) were administered on the sample. Stress appraisal of the critical incidence was used as a control variable and measured through a single item. Findings revealed that among all dimensions of psychological capital that is, efficacy, resilience, hope, and optimism significantly positively predicted psychological well-being, a sub-dimension of mental health. For the psychological distress dimension of mental health, efficacy, resilience, and optimism appeared to be significant and negative predictors. Thus, results suggested that rescu...
This paper reports on the qualitative part of a larger experimental study in which three groups t... more This paper reports on the qualitative part of a larger experimental study in which three groups that is, Control Group (taught through traditional method), Experimental Group I (taught through communicative grammar translation model), and, Experimental Group II (taught through information and communication technologies supported communicative grammar translation model) were compared to examine the effect of technologies supported communicative grammar translation model on students’ motivation for learning English language. A total of 15 students from a public sector university were interviewed. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings revealed awareness among students from all groups about the importance of English as an international language and the use of translation method with focus on grammar before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the three groups showed commonalities and differences in themes contributing towards motivation of ...
The aim of the current study was to translate Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS; Schaufeli, Shimazu,... more The aim of the current study was to translate Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS; Schaufeli, Shimazu, and Taris, 2009) in to Urdu language and to establish construct validity of the scale in Pakistani culture. For this purpose study was completed in two phases. In the first phase of the study DUWAS was translated in to Urdu through back translation method following the steps suggested by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat (2011). For the purpose of establishing construct validity of DUWAS, in the second phase of the study data was collected from 317 working men (n = 194) and women (n = 123) of different occupations including doctors, university teachers, lawyers, bankers, and nurses. Data was collected through convenient sampling from KPK (Peshawar, Mardan), Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. Before collecting the data participants were informed about the purpose of the study and were asked to sign a consent form. After data collection it was analyzed by using Amos for the purpose of establishing construc...
Childhood experiences determine adulthood personality. Witnessing violence in domestic and commun... more Childhood experiences determine adulthood personality. Witnessing violence in domestic and community setting may lead towards developing aggressive tendencies later. The present research was aimed to explore the relationship between witnessing domestic violence during childhood and aggression among university students. A sample of 310 university students (age range = 18-30 years) was approached through purposive convenience sampling method for this research. Urdu translated versions of Social Desirability Scale (Masood, 2014), Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale (Masood, 2014), and Aggression Questionnaire (Ashraf, 2004) were administered along with a detailed demographic sheet. Results showed significant positive correlation between witnessing domestic violence and aggression. Among all the intervening risk factors, the most significant predictor for aggression was found to be community violence exposure followed by home exposure to violence. Element of social desirabilit...
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of familial social support with psycholog... more The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of familial social support with psychological wellbeing in patients with hepatitis C. The study also provide an insight about the role of some demographic variables in relation to the study variables. Psychological Well-being Scale and Familial Social Support Scale were used on a sample of 103 (men = 47; women = 56) in-and-out patients with hepatitis C. All participants were taken from different clinics and hospitals of three cities of Pakistan. The findings revealed satisfactory reliability i.e., .95 and .88 for both the measures. The results showed a highly significant positive relationship (r = .60, p < 0.01) between familial social support and psychological well-being. The findings further indicated that educated patients have significantly high sense of psychological well-being as compared to uneducated patients. Patients belonging to relatively lower socioeconomic status have low sense of psychological well-being than ...
This article is an effort to explore the relevance of the technique of magical realism as well as... more This article is an effort to explore the relevance of the technique of magical realism as well as the postcolonial reality to the assertive mode of social protest in Gabriel García Márquez's novella Of Love and Other Demons [Del amor y otros demonios, 1994/1996]. Hypothesizing that the author has been successful at employing the technique of magic(al) realism as a vehicle of social protest in order to register his observations regarding the prevalent socio-political situation, the research investigates slavery as a major theme of the text in question. While the study highlights the significance of fiction as a powerful means to unveil and thus comment upon the demoniac backdrop in which the same has been written, it also takes on various postcolonial themes in the novella, for example, language, displacement, identity, race, exploitation, gender, hybridity, etc.
Foundation University Journal of Psychology, Aug 31, 2017
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between selfcompassion and adjustment among... more The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between selfcompassion and adjustment among married individuals. Sample comprised of 263 married individuals (130 women, 133 men), living in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, with an age range from 20 to 60 years (M = 79.43, SD = 10.36). Purposive and convenience sampling technique was employed for data collection. Self-Compassion was measured by using the Urdu version of Self-Compassion Scale (Imtiaz, 2010), and Dyadic Adjustment was measured using Urdu version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Naseer, 2000). Results of the study showed that there was a significant positive relationship between self-compassion and marital adjustment. It was also found that self-kindness, self-judgment, and overidentification were the significant predictors for marital adjustment. Men and women did not show any significant differences in self-compassion and marital adjustment. Duration of marriage was found to be positively related with Self-Compassion. It was also found that, individuals having masters or above qualification reported more isolation as compared to individuals with lower education. Results showed that people with arranged marriages reported more self-kindness as compared to those with love marriages. The implication of this study in counseling and domestic settings are discussed.
Background: The concept of honour has cultural, social and moral underpinnings that determine its... more Background: The concept of honour has cultural, social and moral underpinnings that determine its expression and perseveration. Women are viewed as the bearers of family honour with chastity equated with abstinence from premarital or extramarital relationships and obeying norms determined and dictated by traditions and societies. The objective of this study was to determine the opinions of men and women pertaining to killing in the name of and saving one’s honour. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted among the 18 years and older (range 18–71) men and women. Respondents were approached in markets, bus-stops, hospitals, and various other public places in Islamabad from April 12th to June 27th 2006. A structured, interviewer-administered, and pre-tested questionnaire was used with both open and close-ended questions on demographics and attitudes about honour killing based on a vignette that was slowly read out in Urdu, in a neutral and judgment-free...
Dictatorial rule has been a serious threat to the progress of most of the under-developed part of... more Dictatorial rule has been a serious threat to the progress of most of the under-developed part of the world. Since Latin America constitutes a substantial part of the Third World and is mostly governed by either civil or military dictators, the causes and effects of dictatorial rule have been a favourite subject of the fiction writers of this region. The magical-realist fiction writers have been most eloquent in highlighting flaws inherent in such type of governments, weather in Chile, Colombia, Argentina, or Venezuela. García Márquez’s novel The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975/2007) is a protest against the dictatorial system in Latin America. The present study deals with the way García Márquez used the technique of magical realism to establish that autocrats and despotic rulers are a challenge to the development of a place and prosperity of its people. The close-reading approach/technique has been adopted to determine the causes and effects of dictatorial rule in the miniature world...
This chapter highlights the issues and challenges related to gender that Pakistani society is cur... more This chapter highlights the issues and challenges related to gender that Pakistani society is currently facing. Globally, there is a trend to only report gender differences rather than gender similarities across life domains, and Pakistan also conforms to this rule. This trend maintains the gender gap and hinders the true understanding of any phenomenon. Sexism, gender stereotypes, and gender discrimination are outcomes of this gender gap. Therefore, our aim is to identify the major challenges that men, women, and transgender individuals face in Pakistan, the factors underlying these challenges, and to provide recommendations for possible solutions to make gender our strength.
Work and family play an important role in an individual's life. With the increased demands at wor... more Work and family play an important role in an individual's life. With the increased demands at work and changing gender roles, employees, today, are more concerned about how to maintain a balance between the demands of work and family roles. They can face difficulties in keeping a balance between the demanding roles in the spheres of work and family which has been referred to as work-family conflict (Leineweber, Baltzer, Hanson, & Westerlund, 2013). Being originated 132 RAFIQUE, MASOOD AND AHMAD from role theory (Merton, 1957), this construct has been playing important role in research in the area of work-family interface. According to Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), WFC is "a form of inter-role conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible" (p. 77).
Psychological flexibility is considered an important factor affecting various individual and rela... more Psychological flexibility is considered an important factor affecting various individual and relational outcomes, however, there are limited cross-culturally validated measures available. The objective of the present study was to translate and to assess the psychometric properties of Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010) which is a well-known measure of this construct. The research was carried out in two stages. The first stage comprised of three phases. In the Phase I the scale was translated into Urdu language, while cross language validity and construct language validity was established in Phase II and Phase III respectively. The sample comprised of 300 married women (n = 146) and men (n = 154) with age range 17-65 years (M = 37.60, SD = 9.06). Findings suggested that the measure had good construct validity. In the second stage, convergent validity of the Urdu version was established with the Mindfulness Scale (Neff, 2003). A positive correlation wa...
This study aims to translate, validate and to establish the psychometric properties for the Toler... more This study aims to translate, validate and to establish the psychometric properties for the Tolerance for Disagreement Scale, originally developed by Teven, McCroskey, and Richmond (1998) in Urdu language to be used in Pakistan. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 15 items (7 positive & 8 negative items). The process of scale translation was carried out by following the translation and adaptation guidelines of Brislin (1980). The items were translated in accordance with the local Pakistani cultural values. Initially the reliability of the translated instrument was tested on a sample of N = 30 married couples (husbands n = 30 & wives n = 30). The translated version showed good reliability (α = .90) which indicated that it was a suitable scale to be used with Pakistani married people. Furthermore, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed on a sample of N = 400 people (husbands n = 200 & wives n = 200), in order to validate its factor structure. The Confirmatory factor Analysis indicated that the translated scale was a valid measure to be used in Pakistan. Hence, this study succeeded in the translation and adaptation of the scale for Pakistani population which can be used in research and clinical settings.
Research has demonstrated that criminal attitudes are a primary predictor of criminal conduct; he... more Research has demonstrated that criminal attitudes are a primary predictor of criminal conduct; hence, measuring attitudes is important. The Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified (CSS-M) is a widely used measure of criminal attitudes; however, its psychometric properties have been established primarily on Western samples and there is a pressing need to translate the scale into other languages. Hence, the objective of this research was to translate CSS-M into the Urdu language and validate it. This objective was achieved in three studies on samples of young adults. In Study I, the scale was translated and its cross-language validation was established. In Study II, the factor structure of the CSS-M was examined through CFA. In Study III, interscale correlations and gender differences were examined. Findings demonstrated that CSS-M is a reliable and valid instrument when assessing attitudes toward crime in the Pakistani sample.
This article explores the ways in which magical realism has been helpful to Gabriel García Márque... more This article explores the ways in which magical realism has been helpful to Gabriel García Márquez in raising a voice of protest against social injustice in his novella Crónica de una muerte anunciada [Chronicle of a Death Foretold, (Chronicle) 1981/1983], a protest against two contributing factors, honour killing and slavery. Our study undertakes a close reading of the text within the framework developed from postcolonial theory and new historicism. We argue that throughout Chronicle, Garcia Márquez highlights the concept of honour as a thriving cultural phenomenon in the Latin American society and raises a voice of protest against several other issues, including racial discrimination as an after effect of slavery.
Positive psychology has highlighted that emotional intelligence and resilience play an important ... more Positive psychology has highlighted that emotional intelligence and resilience play an important role in individual‟s success in society. However, the role of parental rearing practices with relation to emotional intelligence and resilience has not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study was an endeavor to explore the role of parental rearing practices particularly, emotional warmth in predicting emotional intelligence and resilience among young adults. Sample comprised of 465 students (227 women, 238 men) with age ranged from 18-26 years (M =21.4; SD =1.88) from public and private sector universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected through Convenient Sampling Technique. Instruments used in present study were; Egna Minnen Betriifende Uppfostran (EMBU) Scale (Arrindell, 1999; translated by Zafar, 2014) for measuring emotional warmth; Resiliency Scale (ER89) (Aslam, 2007), and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Wong & Law, 2002). Results revealed that perceived emot...
The current study was conducted to explore the relationship between psychological capital and men... more The current study was conducted to explore the relationship between psychological capital and mental health of rescue workers. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to collect data from 502 male rescue workers with their age ranging from 22 to 44 years by using purposive-convenience sampling. Urdu versions of Mental Health Inventory (Khan, Hanif, and Tariq, 2015) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Self-Rater Short Form; Abbasi, 2015) were administered on the sample. Stress appraisal of the critical incidence was used as a control variable and measured through a single item. Findings revealed that among all dimensions of psychological capital that is, efficacy, resilience, hope, and optimism significantly positively predicted psychological well-being, a sub-dimension of mental health. For the psychological distress dimension of mental health, efficacy, resilience, and optimism appeared to be significant and negative predictors. Thus, results suggested that rescu...
This paper reports on the qualitative part of a larger experimental study in which three groups t... more This paper reports on the qualitative part of a larger experimental study in which three groups that is, Control Group (taught through traditional method), Experimental Group I (taught through communicative grammar translation model), and, Experimental Group II (taught through information and communication technologies supported communicative grammar translation model) were compared to examine the effect of technologies supported communicative grammar translation model on students’ motivation for learning English language. A total of 15 students from a public sector university were interviewed. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings revealed awareness among students from all groups about the importance of English as an international language and the use of translation method with focus on grammar before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the three groups showed commonalities and differences in themes contributing towards motivation of ...
The aim of the current study was to translate Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS; Schaufeli, Shimazu,... more The aim of the current study was to translate Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS; Schaufeli, Shimazu, and Taris, 2009) in to Urdu language and to establish construct validity of the scale in Pakistani culture. For this purpose study was completed in two phases. In the first phase of the study DUWAS was translated in to Urdu through back translation method following the steps suggested by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat (2011). For the purpose of establishing construct validity of DUWAS, in the second phase of the study data was collected from 317 working men (n = 194) and women (n = 123) of different occupations including doctors, university teachers, lawyers, bankers, and nurses. Data was collected through convenient sampling from KPK (Peshawar, Mardan), Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. Before collecting the data participants were informed about the purpose of the study and were asked to sign a consent form. After data collection it was analyzed by using Amos for the purpose of establishing construc...
Childhood experiences determine adulthood personality. Witnessing violence in domestic and commun... more Childhood experiences determine adulthood personality. Witnessing violence in domestic and community setting may lead towards developing aggressive tendencies later. The present research was aimed to explore the relationship between witnessing domestic violence during childhood and aggression among university students. A sample of 310 university students (age range = 18-30 years) was approached through purposive convenience sampling method for this research. Urdu translated versions of Social Desirability Scale (Masood, 2014), Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale (Masood, 2014), and Aggression Questionnaire (Ashraf, 2004) were administered along with a detailed demographic sheet. Results showed significant positive correlation between witnessing domestic violence and aggression. Among all the intervening risk factors, the most significant predictor for aggression was found to be community violence exposure followed by home exposure to violence. Element of social desirabilit...
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of familial social support with psycholog... more The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of familial social support with psychological wellbeing in patients with hepatitis C. The study also provide an insight about the role of some demographic variables in relation to the study variables. Psychological Well-being Scale and Familial Social Support Scale were used on a sample of 103 (men = 47; women = 56) in-and-out patients with hepatitis C. All participants were taken from different clinics and hospitals of three cities of Pakistan. The findings revealed satisfactory reliability i.e., .95 and .88 for both the measures. The results showed a highly significant positive relationship (r = .60, p < 0.01) between familial social support and psychological well-being. The findings further indicated that educated patients have significantly high sense of psychological well-being as compared to uneducated patients. Patients belonging to relatively lower socioeconomic status have low sense of psychological well-being than ...
This article is an effort to explore the relevance of the technique of magical realism as well as... more This article is an effort to explore the relevance of the technique of magical realism as well as the postcolonial reality to the assertive mode of social protest in Gabriel García Márquez's novella Of Love and Other Demons [Del amor y otros demonios, 1994/1996]. Hypothesizing that the author has been successful at employing the technique of magic(al) realism as a vehicle of social protest in order to register his observations regarding the prevalent socio-political situation, the research investigates slavery as a major theme of the text in question. While the study highlights the significance of fiction as a powerful means to unveil and thus comment upon the demoniac backdrop in which the same has been written, it also takes on various postcolonial themes in the novella, for example, language, displacement, identity, race, exploitation, gender, hybridity, etc.
Foundation University Journal of Psychology, Aug 31, 2017
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between selfcompassion and adjustment among... more The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between selfcompassion and adjustment among married individuals. Sample comprised of 263 married individuals (130 women, 133 men), living in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, with an age range from 20 to 60 years (M = 79.43, SD = 10.36). Purposive and convenience sampling technique was employed for data collection. Self-Compassion was measured by using the Urdu version of Self-Compassion Scale (Imtiaz, 2010), and Dyadic Adjustment was measured using Urdu version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Naseer, 2000). Results of the study showed that there was a significant positive relationship between self-compassion and marital adjustment. It was also found that self-kindness, self-judgment, and overidentification were the significant predictors for marital adjustment. Men and women did not show any significant differences in self-compassion and marital adjustment. Duration of marriage was found to be positively related with Self-Compassion. It was also found that, individuals having masters or above qualification reported more isolation as compared to individuals with lower education. Results showed that people with arranged marriages reported more self-kindness as compared to those with love marriages. The implication of this study in counseling and domestic settings are discussed.
Background: The concept of honour has cultural, social and moral underpinnings that determine its... more Background: The concept of honour has cultural, social and moral underpinnings that determine its expression and perseveration. Women are viewed as the bearers of family honour with chastity equated with abstinence from premarital or extramarital relationships and obeying norms determined and dictated by traditions and societies. The objective of this study was to determine the opinions of men and women pertaining to killing in the name of and saving one’s honour. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted among the 18 years and older (range 18–71) men and women. Respondents were approached in markets, bus-stops, hospitals, and various other public places in Islamabad from April 12th to June 27th 2006. A structured, interviewer-administered, and pre-tested questionnaire was used with both open and close-ended questions on demographics and attitudes about honour killing based on a vignette that was slowly read out in Urdu, in a neutral and judgment-free...
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Papers by Sobia Masood