The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on P... more The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality o f Sugarcane Genotypes during 2016-17, at Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajen dra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The pot experiment was con ducted with treatment consisted of three salinity levels (0, 2.5 and 5.0 dSm ) and five sugarcane genotypes (CoP 9702, CoP 112, B.O. 154, B.O 153 and CoP 9301) with three replication in CRD. The salinity of 2.5 dSm (S1) and 5.0 dSm -1 (S2) was developed and sugarcane was planted as per technical programme of the experimen t. Salinity was developed using suitable amount of NaCl. NPK was applied as per rec ommendations (150-85-60). The half dose of N, full P2O5 and K2O applied at the time of planting. Rest 50 % N was applied in two splits. The sugarcane was planted in Feb, 2016 and harvested in January; 2017. Maximum (30.28%) reduction in germin ation was recorded at S 2 levels of salinity compared to control (S 0). The genotype BO 154 recorded significantly highest germination percentage (53.84%) followed by CoP112 (50.53%) compared to CoP 9301 and CoP 9702. The maximum plant height was att ined by the BO154 followed by CoP112. The growth performance of genot ype CoP9301 and BO153 was significantly inferior at different stages of plant growth. The number of tillers was statistically significant and decreased significant ly with increasing salinity. Sugarcane genotype BO154 recorded significantly maximum and C oP 9301 minimum number of POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME : M.Sc. (Ag) DEPARTMENT : Soil Science NAME OF THE STUDENT : SMITA KUMARI MAJOR SUBJECT : Soil Science MINOR SUBJECT : Agronomy MAJOR ADVISOR : Dr. C.K.JHA REGISTRATION NUMBER : M/SS/153/2015-16 TITLE OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM : “Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality of Sugarcane Genotypes” tillers at 120 DAP. The yield components of sugarca ne indicated that there was overall reduction in cane length (31.07%), cane gir th (8.75%) and single cane weight (25.72%) at S2 level of salinity over S0 (Control). Among sugarcane genotypes, BO154 followed by CoP112 was found superior as comp ared to rest of the genotypes in terms of yield attributing characteristics. The reduction in cane yield due to salinity in S1 and S2 treatments over control was to the extent of 14.69 % and 28.07%, respectively. The mean cane yield increased by 14.0 0 % and 10.12 % in genotypes BO154 and CoP112, respectively over CoP9301. The me an r duction in yield among the genotypes were in order BO154 > CoP112 > CoP970 2 > BO153> CoP9301. The value of brix and pol in sugar cane juice significa ntly decreased with increasing level of salinity, however purity coefficient was non-sig nificant. The sugarcane genotype CoP 9301 was superior in terms of brix, pol and CCS %. The reduction in juice recovery maximum by 42.96% was recorded at S 2 level of salinity. Among sugarcane genotypes, CoP112 recorded significantly maximum ju ice recovery (43.56%) and found at par with BO 154.The reduction in mean suga r yield varied significantly and ranges from 16.75 33.25 % due to salinity. Among su arcane, genotypes BO 154 recorded significantly highest sugar yield followed by CoP112 and lowest in BO 153. The mean sugar yield increased by 9.66 % in BO 154 and 5.44 % in CoP112 over BO153. Sugar yield, a function of cane yield and ex hibited similar trend of cane yield. The increasing salinity significantly decreased nut rien concentration (NPK) and uptake of nutrient (NPK) by sugarcane genotypes whi le, Na concentration, its uptake and Na/K ratio increased due to salinity over contr l. The higher cane yield resulted in higher uptake of nutrients. The pH and EC of soi l increased while organic carbon of soil decreased significantly with increasing lev el of salinity. The organic carbon content of soil reduced due to salinity to the exte nt of 20.51 % over control. The availability of macro (NPK) and micronutrient (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) decreased with increasing level of salinity. The salt stress incre ased Na and decreased Ca +Mg content of soil significantly with increase in SAR and anions content of post harvest soil. The sugarcane genotypes BO154 produced highes t cane and sugar yield at all salinity level. Among sugarcane genotypes BO154, fo llowed by CoP112 and CoP9702 performed well in terms of sugar yield and cane yield under saline condition as compare to other genotypes (BO153 and CoP9301) i ndicating that BO154, CoP112 and CoP9702 genotypes may be grown as moderately sa lt tolerant genotype under different agro-climatic conditions of North Bihar.
Journal of medical science and clinical research, Dec 7, 2017
with raised CA 125 in endemic area. Here we report a case series of three patients who presented ... more with raised CA 125 in endemic area. Here we report a case series of three patients who presented with pain abdomen with adnexal mass. They were diagnosed as pelvic tuberculosis on the basis of history, radiological and histopathological findings. They were started on antitubercular therapy and on follow up the mass either regressed or completely disappeared.
Entrepreneurial ventures are considered as the engines for the development of economy and nation.... more Entrepreneurial ventures are considered as the engines for the development of economy and nation. Entrepreneurs shape economic destiny of nations by creating prosperity and employment, contribution in national income, rural development, export promotion, providing product and services and paid taxes to government so that closely affiliated to economic growth of India. In India various programmed and schemes have been taken by the government from time to time for entrepreneurship development in India. In spite of several initiatives taken by the government, entrepreneurs have to face some problems like technical knowledge, shortage of funds, management skills, resources and infrastructures awareness about entrepreneurship schemes and regulatory framework. This paper attempt to focus on problems faced by entrepreneurs and discusses the approach and strategies of promoting entrepreneurship in India through training and education. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Government Schemes, Entrep...
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal form among all forms of leishmaniasis and is caused by vis... more Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal form among all forms of leishmaniasis and is caused by visceralization of the Leishmania donovani (Ld) parasite to the critical organs. Mild to severe malnutrition is common in VL patients and the deficiency of retinoic acid (RA), an important micronutrient, results in a compromised state of immune response in macrophages (mφ) leading to the increased parasite load. In the continuation of our earlier work, we observed loss of cellular cholesterol in infected mφ in the absence of RA i.e., upon inhibition of RALDH pathway. Moreover, the Leishmania utilizes host cholesterol for the establishment of infection and causes a decrease in the expressions of Niemann-Pick C2 (npc2) and Niemann-Pick C1 (npc1) genes involved in the uptake of extracellular cholesterol. This results in reduced levels of cellular cholesterol in infected mφ. Intrigued by this, as the first sign of our hypothesis, we investigated the presence of RA Response Element (RARE) sequences in the upstream of npc1 and npc2 genes. To functionally confirm this, we measured their expressions and the levels of cellular cholesterol in Ld infected mφ in the absence (i.e., using an inhibitor of RALDH pathway) and presence of RA. We found restoration of the levels of cellular cholesterol in infected mφ under the supplementation of RA resulting in the decreased parasite load. Hence, the supplementation of RA with the standard therapy and/or preventive use of RA could be potentially an advancement in the treatment and cure of VL patients.
A method has been developed to analyse the elements present in printed circuit board and electron... more A method has been developed to analyse the elements present in printed circuit board and electronic waste using the microwave digestion and ICP, AAS techniques. The results have been compared with the conventional digestion method. The overall comparison suggests that the microwave digestion system takes less time as compared to the existing method where sample has to take thrice for complete elemental analysis. The sample quantity taken for microwave digestions is also less. In addition, the results are also comparable with existing digestion method.
The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on P... more The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality o f Sugarcane Genotypes during 2016-17, at Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajen dra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The pot experiment was con ducted with treatment consisted of three salinity levels (0, 2.5 and 5.0 dSm ) and five sugarcane genotypes (CoP 9702, CoP 112, B.O. 154, B.O 153 and CoP 9301) with three replication in CRD. The salinity of 2.5 dSm (S1) and 5.0 dSm -1 (S2) was developed and sugarcane was planted as per technical programme of the experimen t. Salinity was developed using suitable amount of NaCl. NPK was applied as per rec ommendations (150-85-60). The half dose of N, full P2O5 and K2O applied at the time of planting. Rest 50 % N was applied in two splits. The sugarcane was planted in Feb, 2016 and harvested in January; 2017. Maximum (30.28%) reduction in germin ation was recorded at S 2 levels of salinity compar...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes... more The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes, including physical, chemical, and biological factors. DNA damage induced by such mutagens is the initial step in the process of carcinogenesis resulting in the accumulation of mutations. Mutational events are considered the major triggers for introducing genetic and epigenetic insults such as DNA crosslinks, single-and double-strand DNA breaks, formation of DNA adducts, mismatched bases, modification in histones, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations. However, DNA repair mechanisms are devoted to protect the DNA to ensure genetic stability, any aberrations in these calibrated mechanisms provoke cancer occurrence. Comprehensive knowledge of the type of mutagens and carcinogens and the influence of these agents in DNA damage and cancer induction is crucial to develop rational anticancer strategies. This review delineated the molecular mechanism of DNA damage and the repair pathways to provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. A relationship between DNA adduct formation and cancer incidence has also been summarized. The mechanistic basis of inflammatory response and oxidative damage triggered by mutagens in tumorigenesis has also been highlighted. We elucidated the interesting interplay between DNA damage response and immune system mechanisms. We addressed the current understanding of DNA repair targeted therapies and DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and discussed how antiviral agents, antiinflammatory drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents combined with traditional approaches lay the foundations for future cancer therapies.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, 2021
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by creating a... more The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of various cellular components, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells, cancer stem cells and vasculature, which provide a sustained environment for cancer cell proliferation. Currently, targeting tumor microenvironment is increasingly being explored as a novel approach to improve cancer therapeutics, as it influences the growth and expansion of malignant cells in various ways. Despite continuous advancements in targeted therapies for cancer treatment, drug resistance, toxicity and immune escape mechanisms are the basis of treatment failure and cancer escape. Targeting tumor microenvironment efficiently with approved drugs and combination therapy is the solution to this enduring challenge that involves combining more than one treatment modality such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy that can effectively and synergistically target the critical pathways associated with disease pathogenesis. This review shed light on the composition of the tumor microenvironment, interaction of different components within tumor microenvironment with tumor cells and associated hallmarks, the current status of combinatorial therapies being developed, and various growing advancements. Furthermore, computational tools can also be used to monitor the significance and outcome of therapies being developed. We addressed the perceived barriers and regulatory hurdles in developing a combinatorial regimen and evaluated the present status of these therapies in the clinic. The accumulating depth of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment in cancer may facilitate further development of effective treatment modalities. This review presents the tumor microenvironment as a sweeping landscape for developing novel cancer therapies.
Surat and Navsari are the major districts cultivating Gerbera under protected condition in South ... more Surat and Navsari are the major districts cultivating Gerbera under protected condition in South Gujarat region. The production of gerbera in Surat and Navsari districts was 612.5 metric tonnes during 2015. A major challenge before the Gerbera cultivators is to minimize the cost and increase the returns. Keeping in view the challenges the present study was conducted to estimate costs and returns of gerbera cultivation under protected condition. For the present study 50 polyhouses were selected from Surat and Navsari districts. The primary data collection for cost and return analysis was done with schedule by personal interview method for year 2015–16. An establishment cost and cost of cultivation per acre was worked out by using standard cost concepts. The results of study showed that establishment cost, cost of cultivation, gross return and net return for gerbera was 49.51, 17.61, 29.08, and 11.47 lakh per acre, respectively. The highest share was of cost of construction of polyhouse (64.05 percent) and charges of human labour (18.39 percent) in establishment cost and cost of cultivation, respectively. The output-input ratio was worked out to 1.65 indicated that the Gerbera cultivation was profitable under protected condition in the selected study region. Attack of pest and diseases, high cost of construction of polyhouse were the major constraints faced by the Gerbera growers in production.
ABSTRACT Background: Natural Killer (NK) cell plays an important role in the innate immune system... more ABSTRACT Background: Natural Killer (NK) cell plays an important role in the innate immune system and is known to produce IFN-γ at an early stage of infection that is essential to eliminate intracellular infection like Leishmania spp. It is already established that Leishmania parasite inhibits the activity of NK cells, avoiding the encounter with the early innate immune response. This, in turn, favors establishment and further dissemination of the infection. Methods: In the present study, we have tried to measure the frequency of different phenotypic subsets of NK cells among visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. Results: We have phenotyped three distinct three distinct subsets (CD56–CD161+, CD56+CD161–, and CD56+CD161+) of NK (CD3–) cell using their specific markers CD161 and CD56. Conclusion: Interestingly, we observed selective loss of CD56+CD161+ subset of circulating NK (CD3–) cells. Importantly, the other subsets (i.e., CD56−CD161+ and CD56+CD161–) of circulating NK cells remain unaffected as compared with healthy subjects.
CD6 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, mainly expressed by all T cells and a subset of B cells. It ... more CD6 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, mainly expressed by all T cells and a subset of B cells. It has been shown that the human CD6 gene has six reported transcript isoforms, including full length and Δ3 isoforms. These are CD6a, CD6b, CD6c, CD6d, CD6e and CD6Δ3. In every isoform, particular exon(s) are known to be alternatively spliced out. In our findings, we observed a novel transcript isoform of CD6, where exon 9 is spliced out. Semi-qPCR and nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of a novel isoform of CD6 i.e. CD6f in human mononuclear cells. Quantitative expression showed significant high expression of CD6f over the full length transcript variant i.e. CD6a. Interestingly, their expressions get further increased upon polyclonal activation.
People suffering from malnutrition become susceptible to the infection like Leishmania sp., as it... more People suffering from malnutrition become susceptible to the infection like Leishmania sp., as it results in a compromised immune response. Retinoic acid (RA), an important constituent of nutrition, shows an immune-modulatory activity. However, its role in the containment of infection is not yet ascertained, particularly in case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL patients (n = 10) and healthy endemic controls (n = 9) were recruited to measure the serum levels of RA. An in vitro model of Leishmania infection using the murine mφ cell line J774.1 was used to investigate the RA-synthesizing enzymes (RALDH-1 and RALDH-2). Parasite loads among infected mφ were measured by quantitative expression of kDNA in the presence of an inhibitor of the RALDH-2 enzyme. We found a significant decrease in the serum levels of RA in VL cases. Importantly, we observed decreased levels of RALDH-1 and RALDH-2 among L. donovani-infected mφ along with simultaneous decrease as well as increase in the Th-1 and ...
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is shown to be involved in excretion of methylglyoxal (MG) in the promas... more Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is shown to be involved in excretion of methylglyoxal (MG) in the promastigote form of Leishmania donovani parasite. Absence of Pi leads to its accumulation inside the parasite. Accumulation of MG is toxic to the parasite and utilizes glyoxylase as well as excretory pathways for its detoxification. In addition, Pi is also reported to regulate activities of ectoenzymes and energy metabolism (glucose to pyruvate) etc. Thus, it is known to cumulatively affect the growth of Leishmania parasite. Hence the transporters, which allow the movement of Pi across the membrane, can prove to be a crucial drug target. Therefore, we characterized two phosphate transporters in Leishmania (i) H+ dependent myo-inositol transporter (LdPHO84), and (ii) Na+ dependent transporter (LdPHO89), based on similar studies done previously on other lower organisms and trypanosomatids. We tried to understand the secondary structure of these two proteins and confirm modulation in their expre...
The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on P... more The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality o f Sugarcane Genotypes during 2016-17, at Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajen dra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The pot experiment was con ducted with treatment consisted of three salinity levels (0, 2.5 and 5.0 dSm ) and five sugarcane genotypes (CoP 9702, CoP 112, B.O. 154, B.O 153 and CoP 9301) with three replication in CRD. The salinity of 2.5 dSm (S1) and 5.0 dSm -1 (S2) was developed and sugarcane was planted as per technical programme of the experimen t. Salinity was developed using suitable amount of NaCl. NPK was applied as per rec ommendations (150-85-60). The half dose of N, full P2O5 and K2O applied at the time of planting. Rest 50 % N was applied in two splits. The sugarcane was planted in Feb, 2016 and harvested in January; 2017. Maximum (30.28%) reduction in germin ation was recorded at S 2 levels of salinity compared to control (S 0). The genotype BO 154 recorded significantly highest germination percentage (53.84%) followed by CoP112 (50.53%) compared to CoP 9301 and CoP 9702. The maximum plant height was att ined by the BO154 followed by CoP112. The growth performance of genot ype CoP9301 and BO153 was significantly inferior at different stages of plant growth. The number of tillers was statistically significant and decreased significant ly with increasing salinity. Sugarcane genotype BO154 recorded significantly maximum and C oP 9301 minimum number of POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME : M.Sc. (Ag) DEPARTMENT : Soil Science NAME OF THE STUDENT : SMITA KUMARI MAJOR SUBJECT : Soil Science MINOR SUBJECT : Agronomy MAJOR ADVISOR : Dr. C.K.JHA REGISTRATION NUMBER : M/SS/153/2015-16 TITLE OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM : “Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality of Sugarcane Genotypes” tillers at 120 DAP. The yield components of sugarca ne indicated that there was overall reduction in cane length (31.07%), cane gir th (8.75%) and single cane weight (25.72%) at S2 level of salinity over S0 (Control). Among sugarcane genotypes, BO154 followed by CoP112 was found superior as comp ared to rest of the genotypes in terms of yield attributing characteristics. The reduction in cane yield due to salinity in S1 and S2 treatments over control was to the extent of 14.69 % and 28.07%, respectively. The mean cane yield increased by 14.0 0 % and 10.12 % in genotypes BO154 and CoP112, respectively over CoP9301. The me an r duction in yield among the genotypes were in order BO154 > CoP112 > CoP970 2 > BO153> CoP9301. The value of brix and pol in sugar cane juice significa ntly decreased with increasing level of salinity, however purity coefficient was non-sig nificant. The sugarcane genotype CoP 9301 was superior in terms of brix, pol and CCS %. The reduction in juice recovery maximum by 42.96% was recorded at S 2 level of salinity. Among sugarcane genotypes, CoP112 recorded significantly maximum ju ice recovery (43.56%) and found at par with BO 154.The reduction in mean suga r yield varied significantly and ranges from 16.75 33.25 % due to salinity. Among su arcane, genotypes BO 154 recorded significantly highest sugar yield followed by CoP112 and lowest in BO 153. The mean sugar yield increased by 9.66 % in BO 154 and 5.44 % in CoP112 over BO153. Sugar yield, a function of cane yield and ex hibited similar trend of cane yield. The increasing salinity significantly decreased nut rien concentration (NPK) and uptake of nutrient (NPK) by sugarcane genotypes whi le, Na concentration, its uptake and Na/K ratio increased due to salinity over contr l. The higher cane yield resulted in higher uptake of nutrients. The pH and EC of soi l increased while organic carbon of soil decreased significantly with increasing lev el of salinity. The organic carbon content of soil reduced due to salinity to the exte nt of 20.51 % over control. The availability of macro (NPK) and micronutrient (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) decreased with increasing level of salinity. The salt stress incre ased Na and decreased Ca +Mg content of soil significantly with increase in SAR and anions content of post harvest soil. The sugarcane genotypes BO154 produced highes t cane and sugar yield at all salinity level. Among sugarcane genotypes BO154, fo llowed by CoP112 and CoP9702 performed well in terms of sugar yield and cane yield under saline condition as compare to other genotypes (BO153 and CoP9301) i ndicating that BO154, CoP112 and CoP9702 genotypes may be grown as moderately sa lt tolerant genotype under different agro-climatic conditions of North Bihar.
Journal of medical science and clinical research, Dec 7, 2017
with raised CA 125 in endemic area. Here we report a case series of three patients who presented ... more with raised CA 125 in endemic area. Here we report a case series of three patients who presented with pain abdomen with adnexal mass. They were diagnosed as pelvic tuberculosis on the basis of history, radiological and histopathological findings. They were started on antitubercular therapy and on follow up the mass either regressed or completely disappeared.
Entrepreneurial ventures are considered as the engines for the development of economy and nation.... more Entrepreneurial ventures are considered as the engines for the development of economy and nation. Entrepreneurs shape economic destiny of nations by creating prosperity and employment, contribution in national income, rural development, export promotion, providing product and services and paid taxes to government so that closely affiliated to economic growth of India. In India various programmed and schemes have been taken by the government from time to time for entrepreneurship development in India. In spite of several initiatives taken by the government, entrepreneurs have to face some problems like technical knowledge, shortage of funds, management skills, resources and infrastructures awareness about entrepreneurship schemes and regulatory framework. This paper attempt to focus on problems faced by entrepreneurs and discusses the approach and strategies of promoting entrepreneurship in India through training and education. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Government Schemes, Entrep...
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal form among all forms of leishmaniasis and is caused by vis... more Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal form among all forms of leishmaniasis and is caused by visceralization of the Leishmania donovani (Ld) parasite to the critical organs. Mild to severe malnutrition is common in VL patients and the deficiency of retinoic acid (RA), an important micronutrient, results in a compromised state of immune response in macrophages (mφ) leading to the increased parasite load. In the continuation of our earlier work, we observed loss of cellular cholesterol in infected mφ in the absence of RA i.e., upon inhibition of RALDH pathway. Moreover, the Leishmania utilizes host cholesterol for the establishment of infection and causes a decrease in the expressions of Niemann-Pick C2 (npc2) and Niemann-Pick C1 (npc1) genes involved in the uptake of extracellular cholesterol. This results in reduced levels of cellular cholesterol in infected mφ. Intrigued by this, as the first sign of our hypothesis, we investigated the presence of RA Response Element (RARE) sequences in the upstream of npc1 and npc2 genes. To functionally confirm this, we measured their expressions and the levels of cellular cholesterol in Ld infected mφ in the absence (i.e., using an inhibitor of RALDH pathway) and presence of RA. We found restoration of the levels of cellular cholesterol in infected mφ under the supplementation of RA resulting in the decreased parasite load. Hence, the supplementation of RA with the standard therapy and/or preventive use of RA could be potentially an advancement in the treatment and cure of VL patients.
A method has been developed to analyse the elements present in printed circuit board and electron... more A method has been developed to analyse the elements present in printed circuit board and electronic waste using the microwave digestion and ICP, AAS techniques. The results have been compared with the conventional digestion method. The overall comparison suggests that the microwave digestion system takes less time as compared to the existing method where sample has to take thrice for complete elemental analysis. The sample quantity taken for microwave digestions is also less. In addition, the results are also comparable with existing digestion method.
The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on P... more The present investigation was undertaken with an ai m to study the Effect of Salinity Levels on Productivity and Juice Quality o f Sugarcane Genotypes during 2016-17, at Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajen dra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The pot experiment was con ducted with treatment consisted of three salinity levels (0, 2.5 and 5.0 dSm ) and five sugarcane genotypes (CoP 9702, CoP 112, B.O. 154, B.O 153 and CoP 9301) with three replication in CRD. The salinity of 2.5 dSm (S1) and 5.0 dSm -1 (S2) was developed and sugarcane was planted as per technical programme of the experimen t. Salinity was developed using suitable amount of NaCl. NPK was applied as per rec ommendations (150-85-60). The half dose of N, full P2O5 and K2O applied at the time of planting. Rest 50 % N was applied in two splits. The sugarcane was planted in Feb, 2016 and harvested in January; 2017. Maximum (30.28%) reduction in germin ation was recorded at S 2 levels of salinity compar...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes... more The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes, including physical, chemical, and biological factors. DNA damage induced by such mutagens is the initial step in the process of carcinogenesis resulting in the accumulation of mutations. Mutational events are considered the major triggers for introducing genetic and epigenetic insults such as DNA crosslinks, single-and double-strand DNA breaks, formation of DNA adducts, mismatched bases, modification in histones, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations. However, DNA repair mechanisms are devoted to protect the DNA to ensure genetic stability, any aberrations in these calibrated mechanisms provoke cancer occurrence. Comprehensive knowledge of the type of mutagens and carcinogens and the influence of these agents in DNA damage and cancer induction is crucial to develop rational anticancer strategies. This review delineated the molecular mechanism of DNA damage and the repair pathways to provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. A relationship between DNA adduct formation and cancer incidence has also been summarized. The mechanistic basis of inflammatory response and oxidative damage triggered by mutagens in tumorigenesis has also been highlighted. We elucidated the interesting interplay between DNA damage response and immune system mechanisms. We addressed the current understanding of DNA repair targeted therapies and DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and discussed how antiviral agents, antiinflammatory drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents combined with traditional approaches lay the foundations for future cancer therapies.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, 2021
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by creating a... more The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of various cellular components, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells, cancer stem cells and vasculature, which provide a sustained environment for cancer cell proliferation. Currently, targeting tumor microenvironment is increasingly being explored as a novel approach to improve cancer therapeutics, as it influences the growth and expansion of malignant cells in various ways. Despite continuous advancements in targeted therapies for cancer treatment, drug resistance, toxicity and immune escape mechanisms are the basis of treatment failure and cancer escape. Targeting tumor microenvironment efficiently with approved drugs and combination therapy is the solution to this enduring challenge that involves combining more than one treatment modality such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy that can effectively and synergistically target the critical pathways associated with disease pathogenesis. This review shed light on the composition of the tumor microenvironment, interaction of different components within tumor microenvironment with tumor cells and associated hallmarks, the current status of combinatorial therapies being developed, and various growing advancements. Furthermore, computational tools can also be used to monitor the significance and outcome of therapies being developed. We addressed the perceived barriers and regulatory hurdles in developing a combinatorial regimen and evaluated the present status of these therapies in the clinic. The accumulating depth of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment in cancer may facilitate further development of effective treatment modalities. This review presents the tumor microenvironment as a sweeping landscape for developing novel cancer therapies.
Surat and Navsari are the major districts cultivating Gerbera under protected condition in South ... more Surat and Navsari are the major districts cultivating Gerbera under protected condition in South Gujarat region. The production of gerbera in Surat and Navsari districts was 612.5 metric tonnes during 2015. A major challenge before the Gerbera cultivators is to minimize the cost and increase the returns. Keeping in view the challenges the present study was conducted to estimate costs and returns of gerbera cultivation under protected condition. For the present study 50 polyhouses were selected from Surat and Navsari districts. The primary data collection for cost and return analysis was done with schedule by personal interview method for year 2015–16. An establishment cost and cost of cultivation per acre was worked out by using standard cost concepts. The results of study showed that establishment cost, cost of cultivation, gross return and net return for gerbera was 49.51, 17.61, 29.08, and 11.47 lakh per acre, respectively. The highest share was of cost of construction of polyhouse (64.05 percent) and charges of human labour (18.39 percent) in establishment cost and cost of cultivation, respectively. The output-input ratio was worked out to 1.65 indicated that the Gerbera cultivation was profitable under protected condition in the selected study region. Attack of pest and diseases, high cost of construction of polyhouse were the major constraints faced by the Gerbera growers in production.
ABSTRACT Background: Natural Killer (NK) cell plays an important role in the innate immune system... more ABSTRACT Background: Natural Killer (NK) cell plays an important role in the innate immune system and is known to produce IFN-γ at an early stage of infection that is essential to eliminate intracellular infection like Leishmania spp. It is already established that Leishmania parasite inhibits the activity of NK cells, avoiding the encounter with the early innate immune response. This, in turn, favors establishment and further dissemination of the infection. Methods: In the present study, we have tried to measure the frequency of different phenotypic subsets of NK cells among visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. Results: We have phenotyped three distinct three distinct subsets (CD56–CD161+, CD56+CD161–, and CD56+CD161+) of NK (CD3–) cell using their specific markers CD161 and CD56. Conclusion: Interestingly, we observed selective loss of CD56+CD161+ subset of circulating NK (CD3–) cells. Importantly, the other subsets (i.e., CD56−CD161+ and CD56+CD161–) of circulating NK cells remain unaffected as compared with healthy subjects.
CD6 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, mainly expressed by all T cells and a subset of B cells. It ... more CD6 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, mainly expressed by all T cells and a subset of B cells. It has been shown that the human CD6 gene has six reported transcript isoforms, including full length and Δ3 isoforms. These are CD6a, CD6b, CD6c, CD6d, CD6e and CD6Δ3. In every isoform, particular exon(s) are known to be alternatively spliced out. In our findings, we observed a novel transcript isoform of CD6, where exon 9 is spliced out. Semi-qPCR and nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of a novel isoform of CD6 i.e. CD6f in human mononuclear cells. Quantitative expression showed significant high expression of CD6f over the full length transcript variant i.e. CD6a. Interestingly, their expressions get further increased upon polyclonal activation.
People suffering from malnutrition become susceptible to the infection like Leishmania sp., as it... more People suffering from malnutrition become susceptible to the infection like Leishmania sp., as it results in a compromised immune response. Retinoic acid (RA), an important constituent of nutrition, shows an immune-modulatory activity. However, its role in the containment of infection is not yet ascertained, particularly in case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL patients (n = 10) and healthy endemic controls (n = 9) were recruited to measure the serum levels of RA. An in vitro model of Leishmania infection using the murine mφ cell line J774.1 was used to investigate the RA-synthesizing enzymes (RALDH-1 and RALDH-2). Parasite loads among infected mφ were measured by quantitative expression of kDNA in the presence of an inhibitor of the RALDH-2 enzyme. We found a significant decrease in the serum levels of RA in VL cases. Importantly, we observed decreased levels of RALDH-1 and RALDH-2 among L. donovani-infected mφ along with simultaneous decrease as well as increase in the Th-1 and ...
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is shown to be involved in excretion of methylglyoxal (MG) in the promas... more Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is shown to be involved in excretion of methylglyoxal (MG) in the promastigote form of Leishmania donovani parasite. Absence of Pi leads to its accumulation inside the parasite. Accumulation of MG is toxic to the parasite and utilizes glyoxylase as well as excretory pathways for its detoxification. In addition, Pi is also reported to regulate activities of ectoenzymes and energy metabolism (glucose to pyruvate) etc. Thus, it is known to cumulatively affect the growth of Leishmania parasite. Hence the transporters, which allow the movement of Pi across the membrane, can prove to be a crucial drug target. Therefore, we characterized two phosphate transporters in Leishmania (i) H+ dependent myo-inositol transporter (LdPHO84), and (ii) Na+ dependent transporter (LdPHO89), based on similar studies done previously on other lower organisms and trypanosomatids. We tried to understand the secondary structure of these two proteins and confirm modulation in their expre...
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Papers by Smita Kumari