A methodology for estimating the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for a region has been descr... more A methodology for estimating the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for a region has been described. The methodology has been applied and illustrated for the Indian city of Mumbai (18.98°N, 72.83°E). It uses high-granularity land use data available in the public domain and GIS-based image analysis of sample satellite images to estimate values of the Building Footprint Area (BFA) Ratio. Photovoltaic-Available Roof Area (PVA) Ratio has been estimated by simulations in PVSyst and has been compared with relevant values from the literature. Solar irradiance (DNI and DHI) and ambient temperature data have been taken from Climate Design Data 2009 ASHRAE Handbook. Liu Jordan transposition model has been used for estimating the plane-of-array insolation. Effect of tilt angle on the plane-of-array insolation received has been studied to make an optimum choice for the tilt angle. Micro-level simulations in PVSyst have been used to estimate effective sunshine hours for the region of interest. The installed capacity, annual and daily generation profiles and capacity factor have been estimated for PV panels with different rated solar cell efficiency and power-temperature coefficient values. The results show a potential of 2190 MW for Mumbai city with median efficiency panels, at an annual average capacity factor of 14.8%. Daily and monthly variation of the generation from the Rooftop PV Systems has been studied. Comparison with sample daily load profiles shows that large scale deployment of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems can provide 12.8-20% of the average daily demand and 31-60% of the morning peak demand for different months, even with median conversion efficiency panels. This method can be used to obtain the PV potential for any region.
ABSTRACT With an estimated 247 million households and a dedicated National Solar Mission, India h... more ABSTRACT With an estimated 247 million households and a dedicated National Solar Mission, India has a promising roof-top photovoltaic potential. The present paper focuses on developing a strategy for estimating the macro-scale rooftop photovoltaic potential for an area from the satellite imagery for that area, provided by Google Earth™, with inputs from micro-level simulations. A standard categorization and nomenclature system for the imagesenables macro-scale application. Micro-simulations for rooftop photovoltaic system sizing and design have been carried out in PVsyst for different types of buildings and conglomerations. This gives generic factors which enable expansion of the micro-scale results to the macro-level. The procedure has been illustrated for the IIT Bombay campus; extrapolation to macro-scale is in progress.
Abstract-Modulation techniques namely Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector PWM, usually applied for in... more Abstract-Modulation techniques namely Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector PWM, usually applied for inverters and matrix converters have been modified in this paper for applying them in cyclo-inverter. It has been found that for Sine PWM, for modulation index, m, around 0.5 to ...
The National Solar Mission of India envisages 60 GWp of large-scale solar PV parks and 40 GWp of ... more The National Solar Mission of India envisages 60 GWp of large-scale solar PV parks and 40 GWp of rooftop PV installations by 2022. As of 2018-end, while the former installations have already reached 22.5 GWp, the latter is still at 2.4 GWp. Clearly, the rooftop PV segment has not picked up in the country as the policy planners would have hoped for. This paper investigates the shortcomings in the Indian green building codes, with respect to rooftop PV proliferation, and suggests a possible framework for developing rooftop PV norms and integrating them with the building regulations.
2019 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON), 2019
Rural microgrids deliver power usually with radial distribution feeders. One major issue of impor... more Rural microgrids deliver power usually with radial distribution feeders. One major issue of importance to the operations engineer is the maintenance of acceptable voltage regulation at the receiving end of the feeder. This is evaluated using load flow analysis for a given load demand at each of the concerned buses. However, when the loading at each bus is varied, a new load flow picture emerges in which remote buses may be affected more in terms of the minimum voltage levels to be maintained. In this paper we examine the loading impact of each bus for a IEEE 9-bus radial microgrid feeder. The loads at the buses are varied turn by turn in terms of changing magnitudes for variable and /or constant power factors. The results of the study are examined to draw overall conclusions inferences on the voltage regulation at the feeder end due to the impacts of load changes at various buses of the feeder.
The paper discusses solar resource variability and geographic smoothing at a city-level by estima... more The paper discusses solar resource variability and geographic smoothing at a city-level by estimating the site-pair correlations of solar variability. The site-pair correlation of solar variability, ρΔKt, is quantified by estimating the correlation between the changes in clear-sky indices, ΔKt, of a pair of sites. The paper studies the variation of ρΔKt with a) the distance between the sites, and b) both the distance between the sites and the difference between the relative humidity profiles of the sites. The study has been conducted for three Indian cities - Mumbai, Delhi and Bengaluru - on hourly radiation and climatic data spread over a span of five years, 2010 - 2014.
International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2021
Purpose –This paper aims to forecast the availability of used but operational electric vehicle (E... more Purpose –This paper aims to forecast the availability of used but operational electric vehicle (EV) batteries to integrate them into a circular economy concept of EVs’ end-of-life (EOL) phase. Since EVs currently on the roads will become obsolete after 2030, this study focuses on the 2030–2040 period and links future renewable electricity production with the potential for storing it into used EVs’ batteries. Even though battery capacity decreases by 80% or less, these batteries will remain operational and can still be seen as a valuable solution for storing peaks of renewable energy production beyond EV EOL. Design/methodology/approach – Storing renewable electricity is gaining as much attention as increasing its production and share. However, storing it in new batteries can be expensive as well as material and energyintensive; therefore, existing capacities should be considered. The use of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is among the most exciting concepts on how to achieve it. Si...
A methodology for estimating the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for a region has been descr... more A methodology for estimating the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for a region has been described. The methodology has been applied and illustrated for the Indian city of Mumbai (18.98°N, 72.83°E). It uses high-granularity land use data available in the public domain and GIS-based image analysis of sample satellite images to estimate values of the Building Footprint Area (BFA) Ratio. Photovoltaic-Available Roof Area (PVA) Ratio has been estimated by simulations in PVSyst and has been compared with relevant values from the literature. Solar irradiance (DNI and DHI) and ambient temperature data have been taken from Climate Design Data 2009 ASHRAE Handbook. Liu Jordan transposition model has been used for estimating the plane-of-array insolation. Effect of tilt angle on the plane-of-array insolation received has been studied to make an optimum choice for the tilt angle. Micro-level simulations in PVSyst have been used to estimate effective sunshine hours for the region of interest. The installed capacity, annual and daily generation profiles and capacity factor have been estimated for PV panels with different rated solar cell efficiency and power-temperature coefficient values. The results show a potential of 2190 MW for Mumbai city with median efficiency panels, at an annual average capacity factor of 14.8%. Daily and monthly variation of the generation from the Rooftop PV Systems has been studied. Comparison with sample daily load profiles shows that large scale deployment of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems can provide 12.8-20% of the average daily demand and 31-60% of the morning peak demand for different months, even with median conversion efficiency panels. This method can be used to obtain the PV potential for any region.
ABSTRACT With an estimated 247 million households and a dedicated National Solar Mission, India h... more ABSTRACT With an estimated 247 million households and a dedicated National Solar Mission, India has a promising roof-top photovoltaic potential. The present paper focuses on developing a strategy for estimating the macro-scale rooftop photovoltaic potential for an area from the satellite imagery for that area, provided by Google Earth™, with inputs from micro-level simulations. A standard categorization and nomenclature system for the imagesenables macro-scale application. Micro-simulations for rooftop photovoltaic system sizing and design have been carried out in PVsyst for different types of buildings and conglomerations. This gives generic factors which enable expansion of the micro-scale results to the macro-level. The procedure has been illustrated for the IIT Bombay campus; extrapolation to macro-scale is in progress.
Abstract-Modulation techniques namely Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector PWM, usually applied for in... more Abstract-Modulation techniques namely Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector PWM, usually applied for inverters and matrix converters have been modified in this paper for applying them in cyclo-inverter. It has been found that for Sine PWM, for modulation index, m, around 0.5 to ...
The National Solar Mission of India envisages 60 GWp of large-scale solar PV parks and 40 GWp of ... more The National Solar Mission of India envisages 60 GWp of large-scale solar PV parks and 40 GWp of rooftop PV installations by 2022. As of 2018-end, while the former installations have already reached 22.5 GWp, the latter is still at 2.4 GWp. Clearly, the rooftop PV segment has not picked up in the country as the policy planners would have hoped for. This paper investigates the shortcomings in the Indian green building codes, with respect to rooftop PV proliferation, and suggests a possible framework for developing rooftop PV norms and integrating them with the building regulations.
2019 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON), 2019
Rural microgrids deliver power usually with radial distribution feeders. One major issue of impor... more Rural microgrids deliver power usually with radial distribution feeders. One major issue of importance to the operations engineer is the maintenance of acceptable voltage regulation at the receiving end of the feeder. This is evaluated using load flow analysis for a given load demand at each of the concerned buses. However, when the loading at each bus is varied, a new load flow picture emerges in which remote buses may be affected more in terms of the minimum voltage levels to be maintained. In this paper we examine the loading impact of each bus for a IEEE 9-bus radial microgrid feeder. The loads at the buses are varied turn by turn in terms of changing magnitudes for variable and /or constant power factors. The results of the study are examined to draw overall conclusions inferences on the voltage regulation at the feeder end due to the impacts of load changes at various buses of the feeder.
The paper discusses solar resource variability and geographic smoothing at a city-level by estima... more The paper discusses solar resource variability and geographic smoothing at a city-level by estimating the site-pair correlations of solar variability. The site-pair correlation of solar variability, ρΔKt, is quantified by estimating the correlation between the changes in clear-sky indices, ΔKt, of a pair of sites. The paper studies the variation of ρΔKt with a) the distance between the sites, and b) both the distance between the sites and the difference between the relative humidity profiles of the sites. The study has been conducted for three Indian cities - Mumbai, Delhi and Bengaluru - on hourly radiation and climatic data spread over a span of five years, 2010 - 2014.
International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2021
Purpose –This paper aims to forecast the availability of used but operational electric vehicle (E... more Purpose –This paper aims to forecast the availability of used but operational electric vehicle (EV) batteries to integrate them into a circular economy concept of EVs’ end-of-life (EOL) phase. Since EVs currently on the roads will become obsolete after 2030, this study focuses on the 2030–2040 period and links future renewable electricity production with the potential for storing it into used EVs’ batteries. Even though battery capacity decreases by 80% or less, these batteries will remain operational and can still be seen as a valuable solution for storing peaks of renewable energy production beyond EV EOL. Design/methodology/approach – Storing renewable electricity is gaining as much attention as increasing its production and share. However, storing it in new batteries can be expensive as well as material and energyintensive; therefore, existing capacities should be considered. The use of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is among the most exciting concepts on how to achieve it. Si...
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Papers by Rhythm Singh