Papers by Ram Chandra Singh
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Drilling a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) well involves many difficulties and challenges.... more Drilling a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) well involves many difficulties and challenges. One of the greatest difficulties is the loss of circulation. Almost 40% of the drilling cost is attributed to the drilling fluid, so the loss of the fluid considerably increases the total drilling cost. There are several approaches to avoid loss of return; one of these approaches is preventing the occurrence of the losses by identifying the lost circulation zones. Most of these approaches are difficult to apply due to some constraints in the field. The purpose of this work is to apply three artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, namely, functional networks (FN), artificial neural networks (ANN), and fuzzy logic (FL), to identify the lost circulation zones. Real-time surface drilling parameters of three wells were obtained using real-time drilling sensors. Well A was utilized for training and testing the three developed AI models, whereas Well B and Well C were utilized to validate them. High accuracy was achieved by the three AI models based on the root mean square error (RMSE), confusion matrix, and correlation coefficient (R). All the AI models identified the lost circulation zones in Well A with high accuracy where the R is more than 0.98 and RMSE is less than 0.09.
The uniqueness of human footprint has drawn attention of academia and industry in recent years an... more The uniqueness of human footprint has drawn attention of academia and industry in recent years and is emerging as a latest biometric trait for biometric authentication. A robust technique to be used for identification and recognition of an individual using footprint as a biometric trait has been proposed in this work. Most of the footprint recognition methods require segmentation or connected component analysis. The determinant values that produce the features of the human footprint are generally utilized in the recognition processes. Static footprint images of 94 individuals (57 males and 37 females) of different regions of North India between age group 15–25 years have been acquired using Dactyloscopy technique. Biometric performance parameters such as false accept rate, false reject rate, genuine accept rate, half total error rate, and accuracy have been computed. The experimental results show that the performance parameters computed for Dactyloscopy technique could be used for b...
Macromolecular Symposia, 2021
Biometric authentication is a process of establishing an individual’s identity through measurable... more Biometric authentication is a process of establishing an individual’s identity through measurable characteristics of their behavior, anatomy, or physiology. Fingerprint recognition is a biometric technology that has been extensively used in a various range of contexts from immigration control on airports, transactions in banks, applying for a driving license, a passport to Aadhar card in India, and personal computing. In recent emerging technologies, the usability aspects of system design have received less attention rather than technical aspects. The researches on fingerprint have shown many challenges for users like placing fingers to capture fingerprints, system feedback, and instructions to use fingerprint systems. This paper proposes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) system for studying various operations in recognizing fingerprints for biometric identification of individuals using an iterative, participative design approach. During this process, several different layouts have b...
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
Abstract In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have garnered immense popularity in the fi... more Abstract In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have garnered immense popularity in the field of photovoltaics, due to its efficiency comparable to silicon solar cells and its ease of processing makes it cost effective. Owing to the vast scope of organic–inorganic metal halides in the field of Perovskite Solar Cell, we have designed and fabricated a sandwiched methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) based PSC using PEDOT: PSS as hole transport material (HTM) in room ambient condition. The PSC with architecture of FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/PEDOT: PSS/Pt, show a high efficiency of 15.24% at one sun condition. Owing to the fact that most of PSC are unstable at room ambient, our PSC affirms a stability of two hours, at room environment. In recent years, for the first time such high efficiency of PSC is reported in sandwich structure in ambient conditions. Since it is completely based on solution processing with no usage of vacuum deposition, it is very cost effective.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020
In this paper, a convolution neural network (CNN)-based vein recognition approach is used for dor... more In this paper, a convolution neural network (CNN)-based vein recognition approach is used for dorsal hand vein patterns. Apart from using pre-trained version, VGG Net-16 model is fine-tuned on four datasets of dorsal hand vein images (good quality, medium quality, and low quality) and augmented images (between the two images from genuine matching or false matching). All four datasets consist of dorsal hand vein images of left and right hands. The comparison of results proposed model is done with other CNN models like VGG Face and VGG-19 (with and without fine-tuned) along with a recent work based on transfer learning. The accuracy of recognition of proposed work using fine-tuned VGG Net-16 model obtained is 99.60% for good quality images; for medium quality images, it is 98.46%, and 97.99%; for low-quality images, it is found to be.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
Abstract Over the past 10 years, organic–inorganic lead halides perovskite solar cell achieved ra... more Abstract Over the past 10 years, organic–inorganic lead halides perovskite solar cell achieved rapid evaluation in the field of photovoltaic technology. The developed devices already achieved maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.2%. Despite of this significant advancement the toxicity of lead and stability of device is the major concern. In the present study, computational approach is used to simulate perovskite solar cell with lead-free perovskite light absorbing layer. Inorganic lead-free light harvesting layer CsGeI3 is simulated with different electron transporting layers (ETLs) to investigate an appropriate ETL. The PSCs with C60 and SnO2 ETLs exhibited superior device performance with open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.64 V, 0.63 V; current density (JSC) of 20.64 mA/cm2, 21.60 mA/cm2; fill factor (FF) of 63.30%, 61.99%; and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.45%, 8.46% respectively.
Indian Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2018
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
Compost turning machine was designed, modified and fabricated locally. The large number of field ... more Compost turning machine was designed, modified and fabricated locally. The large number of field testes run by the turner proved that the machine was well designed and reliable. According the machine was field operated for several seasons in turning compost windrows at variable conditions with recognized turning efficiency. The experiments showed that the double drums machine turned the compost windrows pile with high quality. The local fabricated compost turner is powered by two power systems. The first is mechanical system and the second is hydraulic system. The mechanical system is to rotate the double augers drums path by tractor PTO. The hydraulic system is to push the machine and tractor to the front path by hydraulic power from the tractor. The objectives of this study were to optimize power source requirement for the locally fabricated compost turner as follow:- Analysis of theoretical parameters that affect both rotating augers and forward motion of turner. Determine actual vs measured power required for the turner. The power requirements were calculated to defy the actual power consumption to be suitable and safe for machine. The maximum power was 45 kW and the minimum was 8 Kw. From design calculation of the main parts in the hydraulic system, the maximum diameter of the cylinder piston is 90 mm to raise and lower the turner box with double drums. Anther side of the two cylinder piston to lower and raise the machine during transportation is 90 mm also. Theoretical hydraulic motor power which is satisfactory to drive the system (turner and tractor) was calculated and the proper motor size was selected.
Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 2016
ABSTRACT We present a density-functional approach to describe the orientational ordering in a mod... more ABSTRACT We present a density-functional approach to describe the orientational ordering in a modified Gay–Berne (GB) potential proposed by Qi et al. [Polymer. 2012;53:634–639]. In this potential, an attractive parameter is introduced for describing the strength of attractive force relative to its repulsive counterpart between large particles. The first-order density-functional theory is tested for GB molecules with axial ratio , and the set of parameters , concentrating on the effect of varying temperature. It is observed that as the strength of attractive parameter increases, the isotropic–nematic (I–N) phase coexistence densities and pressure are seen to be shifted towards high densities with increase in temperature. The theory is found to be in good agreement with existing simulation data for the study of I–N phase transition.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016
Abstract Density functional theory has been used to investigate the effect of the variation of at... more Abstract Density functional theory has been used to investigate the effect of the variation of attractive interaction on phase diagram of a system of axially symmetric liquid crystalline molecules interacting via Gay-Berne intermolecular potential. The pair correlation functions of the isotropic fluid, used as structural input in the density functional theory have been calculated by using Percus-Yevick integral equation theory. Considering the isotropic, nematic and smectic A phases as the candidate structures, we observe that the transition parameters and the topology of the phase diagram changes significantly with the variation in the strength of attractive interaction between the molecules. The dominance of the attractive interaction over repulsive one, is found to cause an enhanced tendency of the system to freeze into smectic A phase. Both isotropic-nematic and nematic-smectic A transition densities and pressure are found to decrease as we increase the strength of the attraction among the particles. The pair correlation functions and phase transition parameters are compared with the available computer simulation results of the similar model potential and are found to be in good qualitative agreement.
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2013
A second-order density-functional theory is used to study the effect of quadrupolar interactions ... more A second-order density-functional theory is used to study the effect of quadrupolar interactions on the isotropic-nematic transition in a system of fluids of elongated molecules interacting via the Gay-Berne potential. The direct pair-correlation functions of the coexisting isotropic fluid that enter in the theory as input information are obtained by solving the Ornstein-Zernike equation using the Percus-Yevick integral equation theory in the (reduced) temperature range of 1.6 ≤ T * ≤ 3.0 for different densities, temperatures and quadrupole moments. Using the harmonic coefficients of the direct pair-correlation functions, isotropic-nematic phase coexistence and thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. The theoretical results have been compared with the available computer simulation results.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2006
We have performed a detailed study of the temperature dependence and of the isotropicnematic pha... more We have performed a detailed study of the temperature dependence and of the isotropicnematic phase transition in a fluid of moderately long elongated molecules interacting via a GayBerne potential with anisotropy parameters x 0= 4.4, k′= 20.0, μ= 1, and ν= 1. The ...
Macromolecular Symposia, 2015
ABSTRACT The finger print recognition, face recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, voice s... more ABSTRACT The finger print recognition, face recognition, hand geometry, iris recognition, voice scan, signature, retina scan and several other biometric patterns are being used for recognition of an individual. Human footprint is one of the relatively new physiological biometrics due to its stable and unique characteristics. The texture and foot shape information of footprint offers one of the powerful means in personal recognition. This work proposes a footprint based biometric identification of an individual by extracting texture and shape based features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) linear projection techniques. PCA is a commonly used technique for data classification and dimensionality reduction and ICA is one of the most widely used blind source separation technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals. In this study PCA and ICA have been compared for footprint recognition using distance classification techniques such as Euclidean distance, city block, cosine and correlation. Experimental results show that ICA performs better than PCA for footprint recognition.
The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2011
Dr. Ram B Singh comes from a multidisciplinary background. He began his career with an undergradu... more Dr. Ram B Singh comes from a multidisciplinary background. He began his career with an undergraduate degree in Science, followed by a Medical Science degree, and an MD degree in Internal Medicine with specialization in Cardiology. Dr. Singh further extended his career specializing in the area of Nutritional Science. During the subsequent years, He became much involved in clinical research, integrating nutrition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) along with its risk factors. Dr. Singh's research, especially on magnesium relating to CVD has received a great deal of international recognition. He was first to (a) perform Radioimmunoassay of serum digoxin in relation to digoxin intoxication in the year 1971-73 [1, 2], (b) demonstrate the role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in patients with digoxin toxicity [3], (c) develop a concept of magnesium deficiency as a risk factor of digitalis intoxication [4], (d) report magnesium deficiency among patients with pulmonary heart disease [5] and atrial fibrillation (96), and (e) propose that magnesium deficiency is a risk factor for refractory cardiac arrhythmias as well as for the elderly . Furthermore, Dr Singh was first to report the role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of digoxin toxicity in children with particular emphasis of its role in coronary artery disease (CAD), sudden cardiac death (SCD) , and ventricular fibrillation . These reports earned him an invitation by the editor of the American Heart Journal to write an annotation and by the editor of the Practical Cardiology to write a review article . Dr Singh proposed that the role of magnesium deficiency and its repairement in the neurons, cardiomyocytes, , arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells are important factors in predisposing CAD and SCD [12,. He reported the association between chronic active hepatitis and cardiomyopathy [14] and magnesium deficiency in the brain predisposing sudden death and the role of magnesium and potassium in hypertension . Dr. Singh proposed a hypothesis that calcium channel antagonists modulate calcium by increasing magnesium influx by influencing magnesium ATPase and magnesium channels . It is known that calcium channel blockers do not block the calcium channels, but they simply delay the opening of the channels, resulting in a decreased entry of calcium. In 1987, Dr Singh began to explore the positive impact of a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and w-3 rich oils on the prevention and outcome of CVD. This was the time when the report of the Seven Country Study indicating saturated fat and cholesterol as the cause of CAD, was overemphasized, but soon it was realized that other content of diet such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts due to their high content of micronutrient and polysaccharides are also important. Dr. Singh published numerous papers on various aspects of CVD and diabetes, based on this work, some of which were presented in the 14 th International Congress on Clinical Nutrition in Korea and subsequently published in other journals . Using multiple nutritional intervention studies involving patients with acute myocardial infarction, Dr. Singh came about with a revised suggestion for diet and nutrients for these patients . Dr. Singh and his associates were one of the first few who used DASH diet for prevention of CVD . He conducted a large randomized, controlled trial with 400-500g/day of fruits, vegetable, legumes and nuts (almonds, walnuts) in conjunction with mustered oil in patients with AMI which was published in leading international journals . These novel studies provided evidence regarding the role of diet in acute coronary syndromes, which was subsequently confirmed by Searge Renaud [33] group of the Lyon Heart Study, France in 1994. Dr Singh's work also revealed that exercise enhances our capability to adapt against gradual rather than abrupt increase in salt and fatty acids intake, causing less rise in cardiovascular risk factors . He also conducted a randomized, controlled trial examining the effects of a diet containing 400-500g/day of fruits, vegetable, legumes and nuts (almonds, walnuts) in conjunction with mustered oil on the outcome of patients with . This important study provided some convincing evidence to support the beneficial role of the diet in acute coronary syndromes. His further work involving this diet along with a functional food (e.g., guava, a vitamin C-rich fruit) and exercise has confirmed these findings in the elderly with heart disease . Dr Singh proposed that the occurance of CVD may be a manifestation of adaptation to our body against the lifestyle factors . He also showed that dietary supplementation of these nutrients via foods can decrease diuretic induced Hypokelemia and hypomagnesemia in association with aggravated hypertension . Dr Singh was one of the experts who did not agree with the hypothesis that genetical factor being the primary factor for heart disease among South Asians . In effect, he demonstrated a marked gradient in risk factors among rural and urban subjects compared to immigrant Indians in London indicating that environmental factors rather than the genetic factor appear to be important in the pathogenesis of heart disease among the population in Indian sub-continent. Dr. Singh reported mineral and vitamin metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and emphasized that multiple nutrient supplementation in AMI may be protective . He also demonstrated the antioxidant effects of commiphora mukul in a randomized trial, in patients with hypercholesterolemia . This herb has been mentioned for the treatment of atherosclerosis in the ancient treatise Sushruta samhita. In 1994, he published a randomized trial of fruits, vegetables, nuts and mustered oil in patients with central obesity . He wrote invited review article in the leading Journal of the Association of Physicians of India and an editorial in a British journal . He published several papers on risk factors of CVD in rural and urban subjects and demonstrated that CVD risk factors are more common among South Indians com-
Physical Review E, 1994
The Percus-Yevick (PY) integral equation has been solved for two model fluids:(i) a fluid of hard... more The Percus-Yevick (PY) integral equation has been solved for two model fluids:(i) a fluid of hard ellipsoids of a revolution represented by a Gaussian overlap model, and (ii) a fluid the molecules of which interact via a Gay-Berne [J. Chem. Phys. 74, 3316 (1981)] model ...
Physical Review E, 2002
We have calculated the pair correlation functions of a fluid interacting via the Gay-Berne(n-6) p... more We have calculated the pair correlation functions of a fluid interacting via the Gay-Berne(n-6) pair potentials using the Percus-Yevick integral equation theory and have shown how these correlations depend on the value of n which measures the sharpness of the repulsive core of the pair potential. These results have been used in the density-functional theory to locate the freezing transitions of these fluids. We have used two different versions of the theory known as the secondorder and the modified weighted density-functional theory and examined the freezing of these fluids for 8 ≤ n ≤ 30 and in the reduced temperature range lying between 0.65 and 1.25 into the nematic and the smectic A phases. For none of these cases smectic A phase was found to be stabilized though in some range of temperature for a given n it appeared as a metastable state. We have examined the variation of freezing parameters for the isotropic-nematic transition with temperature and n. We have also compared our results with simulation results wherever they are available. While we find that the density-functional theory is good to study the freezing transitions in such fluids the structural parameters found from the Percus-Yevick theory need to be improved particularly at high temperatures and lower values of n.
This paper deals with the meteorological applications of wavelets and fuzzy logics and a hybrid o... more This paper deals with the meteorological applications of wavelets and fuzzy logics and a hybrid of wavelets and fuzzy logics. The wavelet transform has emerged over recent years as a powerful time-frequency analysis and signal coding tool favoured for the interrogation of complex non-stationary signals. It has been shown that the wavelet transform is a flexible time-frequency decomposition tool which can form the basis of useful time series analysis. It is expected to see an increased amount of research and technology development work in the coming years employing wavelets for various scientific and engineering applications.
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2003
We present the density-functional approach to study the isotropicnematic transitions and calcula... more We present the density-functional approach to study the isotropicnematic transitions and calculate the values of freezing parameters of the GayBerne liquid crystal model, concentrating on the effects of varying the molecular elongation, x0. For this, we have ...
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Papers by Ram Chandra Singh