Water is essential for human life, the socioeconomic improvement of the state and the protection ... more Water is essential for human life, the socioeconomic improvement of the state and the protection of its natural environment. Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential, most of whose surface water reserves are located in the basins of the Senegal and Gambia rivers and in groundwater. Unfortunately, water resources can be threatened by anthropogenic actions of various origins and by the adverse effects of climate change. This article aims to analyze the current state of water resources, water problems and prospects for the sustainable development of water resources in Senegal. Information is collected from secondary sources and available statistics (books and the Internet). The results show the importance of Senegal's water resources potential (in terms of surface and groundwater), water resources that are often severely deteriorated due to pollution, agricultural activities and the rised water demand from the population. This degradation is likely to worsen with population growth, development and climate change. For example, the Senegalese government has been conducting a water control policy for several decades aimed at providing the various sectors with water in sufficient quantity and of appropriate quality according to custom to accelerate development balanced. There are several policies and actions for the formulation of rules and regulations on the general use of water. To be in line with the sustainable development goals (SDG), including SDG 6, Senegal is committed to the sustainable management of water resources to ensure universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all population by 2030.
L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les p... more L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les pays en développement, les gens se voient refuser les droits. Cela a entraîné la pauvreté, les maladies et la mort, en particulier chez les enfants. Conformément aux objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, le Programme des nations unis pour le développement avait répondu à l'un des problèmes en s'engageant dans des programmes de gouvernance de l'eau pour la réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique. Cet article vise à mettre en évidence les défis liés à l'eau auxquels sont confrontés les pays du monde, l'Afrique et le Sénégal. La méthodologie s'est basée sur l'analyse des effets du manque d'eau sur la population, des effets incluant la maladie, la mort, la perte d'argent, le temps perdu, les effets sociaux et économiques. Les problématiques de l'eau, de l'assainissement et de la pauvreté ont également été analysées et les résultats montrent que la plupart des objectifs dans les pays en développement n'avaient enregistré que des progrès substantiels. Aujourd'hui, les recommandations émanant des Objectifs de Développement Durable portent sur la garantie de
L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les p... more L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les pays en développement, les gens se voient refuser les droits. Cela a entraîné la pauvreté, les maladies et la mort, en particulier chez les enfants. Conformément aux objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, le Programme des nations unis pour le développement avait répondu à l'un des problèmes en s'engageant dans des programmes de gouvernance de l'eau pour la réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique. Cet article vise à mettre en évidence les défis liés à l'eau auxquels sont confrontés les pays du monde, l'Afrique et le Sénégal. La méthodologie s'est basée sur l'analyse des effets du manque d'eau sur la population, des effets incluant la maladie, la mort, la perte d'argent, le temps perdu, les effets sociaux et économiques. Les problématiques de l'eau, de l'assainissement et de la pauvreté ont également été analysées et les résultats montrent que la plupart des objectifs dans les pays en développement n'avaient enregistré que des progrès substantiels. Aujourd'hui, les recommandations émanant des Objectifs de Développement Durable portent sur la garantie de
Advance in Environmental Waste Management & Recycling, 2021
The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes... more The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes that has developed mostly at the recent years. This mobilized several scientists to study, describe or characterize the climate through several methods. These methods derived from climate science have given convincing results of high scientific significance, and above all through the appreciable quality of the indicators provided. In this context, and in order to appreciate this drought trend, we are using in the framework of this study of the Standardized Index of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration (SPEI) during the period 1961-2019. Indeed, the frequency and recurrence of drought are harmful events for the traditional production system in the Sahel region. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the multiscale distribution of droughts. The results obtained define different types of droughts as well as their prevalence. These generally indicate the prevalence of slightly wet...
Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today... more Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today, due to climate change, population growth, advanced irrigation practices and industrial uses, the demand for groundwater has increased considerably, and needs to be assessed. This article aims to delimit the potential groundwater zones in the Sandougou basin using GIS and remote sensing. The multi-criteria decision analysis technique (MCDA) is used by integrating different thematic layers. The thematic layers of land cover, drainage density, linear density, soil, geology, geomorphology, terrain, slope and rain were prepared and used to make the map potential groundwater areas. Weights have been assigned and standardized to each thematic layer according to their characteristic and their relation to the groundwater recharge. Finally, the thematic maps were integrated by a tool for analyzing the weighted sum of overlays to develop the areas for prospecting for groundwater. According to thi...
The silvopastoral zone, like other arid and semi-arid areas of Africa, is subject to the adverse ... more The silvopastoral zone, like other arid and semi-arid areas of Africa, is subject to the adverse effects of climate change. Observations for these regions include, among others, a decrease in crop yields, cultivated areas and length of seasons, accompanied by a decline in agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to analyze peasant strategies, in particular those of farmers and agro-pastoralists in the sylvopastoral zone. It takes place in a context of high rainfall variability and vulnerability linked to climate change characterized by major trends in the deterioration of environmental conditions. It focused on the use of field survey and interview data through data collection at 112 farm level. The results showed that climate change, perceived by the communities of the area, had impacts on the livelihoods of the communities through the low agricultural and livestock production, natural resources, the reduction or even the disappearance. of certain forest species. This ...
International Journal Of Rural Development, Environment And Health Research, 2020
Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and the reporting of one case in Seneg... more Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and the reporting of one case in Senegal, the number of regions with confirmed cases of infection increased considerably, with the disease now being reported throughout the country after 3 months of evolution. It is therefore necessary to assess the evolution of the disease in the country as the situation evolves in order to rapidly identify best practices for adoption. The objective of this paper is to make a preliminary spatial and temporal assessment and comparison of the results of the COVID-19 pandemic in the regions of Senegal. Data on the evolution of COVID-19 (confirmed cases of infection, deaths, recoveries), population, density and area of each region were analysed using a set of statistical tools. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has spread stubbornly in Senegal. In the space of 112 days (from March 2 to June 21), Senegal reached a number of 5888 infected cases for 3919 cured, 1885 active and 84 deaths for a total of 67855 tests performed. About 40 people out of 10,000 have been tested so far and 4 out of 10,000 have tested positive. The Mann-Kendall test indicates that the number of confirmed daily cases is slowly increasing, with the slope of Sen estimated at about 1.2 person/day across the country. In addition, the Pettitt test indicates a sharp change in the upward trend across the country on April 26, 2020. Among the main affected regions, Dakar, Thies and Touba are noted with an extremely high rate of increase. Principal component analysis and hierarchical ascending classification have made it possible to divide Senegal's 14 regions into 3 groups in terms of the number of confirmed cases, active cases, recovered cases and reported deaths, and the population, area and density of the region. The 1st group concerns the Dakar region, the 2nd Diourbel and Thies and the 3rd the other regions. Furthermore, statistics related to COVID-19 in the regions of Senegal are highly correlated with population size and density. This study revealed convincing spatial differences in the evolution of the pandemic between the regions of Senegal. The study recommends that the approaches adopted by regions that have achieved very low levels of COVID-19 be incorporated into health care management plans for the pandemic throughout the country, even as the situation evolves.
China is a water shortage country. The paper analyzes the current situation and problems of water... more China is a water shortage country. The paper analyzes the current situation and problems of water resources in both urban and rural areas. To solve the problems, the paper puts forward five countermeasures and draws up structure chart. It shows specific contents and mutual relationships of each countermeasure clearly, and provides the basis for sustainable development of urban and rural water resources. It can be used in engineering practice effectively.
Introduction: IL s'agira ici d' identifier les particularités diagnostiques et la prise en charge... more Introduction: IL s'agira ici d' identifier les particularités diagnostiques et la prise en charge de l'HRP au Centre Hospitalier de Ndioum au Sénégal. Méthodes: Etude rétrospective descriptive menée à l'hôpital régional de Ndioum, durant la période allant du 1er Janvier 2009 au 31 Décembre 2011. Toutes les patientes qui avaient présenté un HRP étaient incluses. Pour chaque patiente, nous avions étudié les paramètres sociodémographiques et cliniques, les données thérapeutiques et le pronostic materno-foetal. Résultats: La fréquence était de 6,05%. L'âge moyen de nos patientes était compris entre 29 et 84 ans et la parité moyenne de 4,92. Aucune consultation prénatale n'était effectuée chez 16 % des patientes. Les évacuations représentaient 66% de cas. L'âge gestationnel moyen était de 36 semaines d'aménorrhées et la majorité des patientes (86%) était en travail. La gravite du tableau clinique était appréciée selon la classification de Sher avec 63% (114 cas) au grade 3. Une coagulopathie était observée chez 27,2% des patientes. Nous avions retrouvé une relation statistiquement significative entre la gravite du tableau clinique et le pronostic maternel (p=0,026) et foetal (p=0,0000). Une direction du travail était effectuée chez 109 patientes (60% des cas). L'expulsion foetale était obtenue par voie basse dans 49% des cas et une césarienne était effectuée dans 51 % des cas. La morbidité maternelle était dominée par l'anémie secondaire à une hémorragie aigue dans 17,8% des cas et à l'insuffisance rénale aigue dans 6,1% des cas. Les éléments de mauvais pronostic étaient représentés par la gravité du tableau clinique (p=0,03) et le mode d'admission dominé par les évacuations (p=0,01), la relation était statistiquement significative. La voie d'accouchement n'était pas retrouvée comme élément de mauvais pronostic (p=0,09). Nous avions noté douze cas de décès maternels soit 6,6% des patientes. Conclusion: La prévention de la mortalité maternelle et foetale liée à cette affection passe par une amélioration du suivi prénatal, une meilleure organisation du plan d'accouchement et une amélioration des conditions d'évacuation. La mise en place d'une banque de sang fonctionnel, d'une unité réanimation médicale ainsi qu'un service de prise en charge néonatale devient une nécessité pour améliorer le pronostic maternel et néonatal.
Changes in land use and land cover have attracted considerable scientific interest in recent year... more Changes in land use and land cover have attracted considerable scientific interest in recent years because of their marked influence on hydrological cycles. In the tropics, widespread vegetation degradation and changes in land use that occurred from the 1970s onwards have affected the hydrological dynamics of catchments. In this study, land cover changes in the Casamance catchment upstream of Kolda in recent years were analysed and their role in hydrological evolution was estimated. These changes had occurred in environmental conditions between 1987 and 2018. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used to monitor changes in the basin as well as changes in NDVI values. Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images were used respectively. The extraction of land cover in the basin was carried out through the application of unsupervised nesting classification processes. The results indicated that a regression of forest cover in the Casamance River Basin upstream of Kolda and the classification of the area into seven main land categories (forest, savannah, slash-and-burn, cultivated areas, habitat, plantations and water) was significant. Like rainfall, the flow rates, which declined during the 1980s, increased from the 2000s onwards, although the trend was not significant. This increase in runoff is the result of vegetation degradation and increased rainfall. The results highlight the importance of integrating land use information into assessments of water availability in a region where water is a strategic resource.
Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today... more Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today, due to climate change, population growth, advanced irrigation practices and industrial uses, the demand for groundwater has increased considerably, and needs to be assessed. This article aims to delimit the potential groundwater zones in the Sandougou basin using GIS and remote sensing. The multi-criteria decision analysis technique (MCDA) is used by integrating different thematic layers. The thematic layers of land cover, drainage density, linear density, soil, geology, geomorphology, terrain, slope and rain were prepared and used to make the map potential groundwater areas. Weights have been assigned and standardized to each thematic layer according to their characteristic and their relation to the groundwater recharge. Finally, the thematic maps were integrated by a tool for analyzing the weighted sum of overlays to develop the areas for prospecting for groundwater. According to thi...
Among the people of Ferlo, particularly Fulani pastoralists, the socio-economic and symbolic link... more Among the people of Ferlo, particularly Fulani pastoralists, the socio-economic and symbolic links between their home territory and the other territorial entities of the country have undergone great changes since the end of the sixties. Moreover, the displacement of political and economic power (displacement of the capital from Saint-Louis to Dakar) and its consequences on the development of the country, the creation of hydro-agricultural development in the Senegal valley as well as the multiplication of weekly markets in the rural world, suffice to explain the emergence of political, socio-economic and institutional poles. These different poles have established very strong exchange relations on which people rely to adapt to the vulnerability of their activity. This situation seems to be more anchored in the daily lives of the populations of the sylvopastoral zone since the advent of droughts and reinforces the formulation of the hypothesis of a redefinition of the relationships to ...
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential. The bulk of surface water reserves are... more Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential. The bulk of surface water reserves are located in the basin's rivers Senegal and Gambia, whose waters originate from the Fouta Djallon massif. Alongside these large rivers, there are smaller rivers (Casamance and Kayanga) and small watersheds with temporary flows. Groundwater resources are also an important part of Senegal's water heritage. Unfortunately, water resources are now threatened by anthropogenic actions of diverse origins (extensive agriculture, mining, illegal fishing, bushfires, domestic use along watercourses, etc.) and the adverse effects of climate change. Also, inadequate water management policies increase the water scarcity and are often not conducive to sustainable water resources management. The impact of water shortages is felt on all socioeconomic activities (particularly in the agriculture sector, which is the main user of water in the country), but also in the supply sector water. Thus, for several decades, the Senegalese government has pursued a water control policy aimed at providing water users in sufficient quantities and of appropriate quality according to their usage. In order to correct the heavy trends in water resources sector and to satisfy various demands, Senegal has for some years been committed to a national policy for integrated water resources management (IWRM) and an action plan focusing on taking into account cooperation on shared watersheds.
Use of the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from 1961 to 2019 to characterize the drought trend in northern Senegal: Study of the spatiotemporal dynamics in the Ferlo watershed, 2021
The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes tha... more The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes that has developed mostly at the recent years. This mobilized several scientists to study, describe or characterize the climate through several methods. These methods derived from climate science have given convincing results of high scientific significance, and above all through the appreciable quality of the indicators provided. In this context, and in order to appreciate this drought trend, we are using in the framework of this study of the Standardized Index of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration (SPEI) during the period 1961-2019. Indeed, the frequency and recurrence of drought are harmful events for the traditional production system in the Sahel region. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the multiscale distribution of droughts. The results obtained define different types of droughts as well as their prevalence. These generally indicate the prevalence of slightly wet and slightly dry traits and are followed by moderately dry and moderately wet indices over all the stations studied. However, it should be noted a periodic occurrence of more or less long droughts which resulted in the preponderance of meteorological and agricultural droughts with occurrences mainly located in the
Water is essential for human life, the socioeconomic improvement of the state and the protection ... more Water is essential for human life, the socioeconomic improvement of the state and the protection of its natural environment. Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential, most of whose surface water reserves are located in the basins of the Senegal and Gambia rivers and in groundwater. Unfortunately, water resources can be threatened by anthropogenic actions of various origins and by the adverse effects of climate change. This article aims to analyze the current state of water resources, water problems and prospects for the sustainable development of water resources in Senegal. Information is collected from secondary sources and available statistics (books and the Internet). The results show the importance of Senegal's water resources potential (in terms of surface and groundwater), water resources that are often severely deteriorated due to pollution, agricultural activities and the rised water demand from the population. This degradation is likely to worsen with population growth, development and climate change. For example, the Senegalese government has been conducting a water control policy for several decades aimed at providing the various sectors with water in sufficient quantity and of appropriate quality according to custom to accelerate development balanced. There are several policies and actions for the formulation of rules and regulations on the general use of water. To be in line with the sustainable development goals (SDG), including SDG 6, Senegal is committed to the sustainable management of water resources to ensure universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all population by 2030.
L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les p... more L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les pays en développement, les gens se voient refuser les droits. Cela a entraîné la pauvreté, les maladies et la mort, en particulier chez les enfants. Conformément aux objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, le Programme des nations unis pour le développement avait répondu à l'un des problèmes en s'engageant dans des programmes de gouvernance de l'eau pour la réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique. Cet article vise à mettre en évidence les défis liés à l'eau auxquels sont confrontés les pays du monde, l'Afrique et le Sénégal. La méthodologie s'est basée sur l'analyse des effets du manque d'eau sur la population, des effets incluant la maladie, la mort, la perte d'argent, le temps perdu, les effets sociaux et économiques. Les problématiques de l'eau, de l'assainissement et de la pauvreté ont également été analysées et les résultats montrent que la plupart des objectifs dans les pays en développement n'avaient enregistré que des progrès substantiels. Aujourd'hui, les recommandations émanant des Objectifs de Développement Durable portent sur la garantie de
L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les p... more L'eau, l'assainissement et l'hygiène sont des droits pour tous, quel que soit le pays. Dans les pays en développement, les gens se voient refuser les droits. Cela a entraîné la pauvreté, les maladies et la mort, en particulier chez les enfants. Conformément aux objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, le Programme des nations unis pour le développement avait répondu à l'un des problèmes en s'engageant dans des programmes de gouvernance de l'eau pour la réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique. Cet article vise à mettre en évidence les défis liés à l'eau auxquels sont confrontés les pays du monde, l'Afrique et le Sénégal. La méthodologie s'est basée sur l'analyse des effets du manque d'eau sur la population, des effets incluant la maladie, la mort, la perte d'argent, le temps perdu, les effets sociaux et économiques. Les problématiques de l'eau, de l'assainissement et de la pauvreté ont également été analysées et les résultats montrent que la plupart des objectifs dans les pays en développement n'avaient enregistré que des progrès substantiels. Aujourd'hui, les recommandations émanant des Objectifs de Développement Durable portent sur la garantie de
Advance in Environmental Waste Management & Recycling, 2021
The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes... more The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes that has developed mostly at the recent years. This mobilized several scientists to study, describe or characterize the climate through several methods. These methods derived from climate science have given convincing results of high scientific significance, and above all through the appreciable quality of the indicators provided. In this context, and in order to appreciate this drought trend, we are using in the framework of this study of the Standardized Index of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration (SPEI) during the period 1961-2019. Indeed, the frequency and recurrence of drought are harmful events for the traditional production system in the Sahel region. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the multiscale distribution of droughts. The results obtained define different types of droughts as well as their prevalence. These generally indicate the prevalence of slightly wet...
Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today... more Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today, due to climate change, population growth, advanced irrigation practices and industrial uses, the demand for groundwater has increased considerably, and needs to be assessed. This article aims to delimit the potential groundwater zones in the Sandougou basin using GIS and remote sensing. The multi-criteria decision analysis technique (MCDA) is used by integrating different thematic layers. The thematic layers of land cover, drainage density, linear density, soil, geology, geomorphology, terrain, slope and rain were prepared and used to make the map potential groundwater areas. Weights have been assigned and standardized to each thematic layer according to their characteristic and their relation to the groundwater recharge. Finally, the thematic maps were integrated by a tool for analyzing the weighted sum of overlays to develop the areas for prospecting for groundwater. According to thi...
The silvopastoral zone, like other arid and semi-arid areas of Africa, is subject to the adverse ... more The silvopastoral zone, like other arid and semi-arid areas of Africa, is subject to the adverse effects of climate change. Observations for these regions include, among others, a decrease in crop yields, cultivated areas and length of seasons, accompanied by a decline in agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to analyze peasant strategies, in particular those of farmers and agro-pastoralists in the sylvopastoral zone. It takes place in a context of high rainfall variability and vulnerability linked to climate change characterized by major trends in the deterioration of environmental conditions. It focused on the use of field survey and interview data through data collection at 112 farm level. The results showed that climate change, perceived by the communities of the area, had impacts on the livelihoods of the communities through the low agricultural and livestock production, natural resources, the reduction or even the disappearance. of certain forest species. This ...
International Journal Of Rural Development, Environment And Health Research, 2020
Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and the reporting of one case in Seneg... more Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic and the reporting of one case in Senegal, the number of regions with confirmed cases of infection increased considerably, with the disease now being reported throughout the country after 3 months of evolution. It is therefore necessary to assess the evolution of the disease in the country as the situation evolves in order to rapidly identify best practices for adoption. The objective of this paper is to make a preliminary spatial and temporal assessment and comparison of the results of the COVID-19 pandemic in the regions of Senegal. Data on the evolution of COVID-19 (confirmed cases of infection, deaths, recoveries), population, density and area of each region were analysed using a set of statistical tools. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has spread stubbornly in Senegal. In the space of 112 days (from March 2 to June 21), Senegal reached a number of 5888 infected cases for 3919 cured, 1885 active and 84 deaths for a total of 67855 tests performed. About 40 people out of 10,000 have been tested so far and 4 out of 10,000 have tested positive. The Mann-Kendall test indicates that the number of confirmed daily cases is slowly increasing, with the slope of Sen estimated at about 1.2 person/day across the country. In addition, the Pettitt test indicates a sharp change in the upward trend across the country on April 26, 2020. Among the main affected regions, Dakar, Thies and Touba are noted with an extremely high rate of increase. Principal component analysis and hierarchical ascending classification have made it possible to divide Senegal's 14 regions into 3 groups in terms of the number of confirmed cases, active cases, recovered cases and reported deaths, and the population, area and density of the region. The 1st group concerns the Dakar region, the 2nd Diourbel and Thies and the 3rd the other regions. Furthermore, statistics related to COVID-19 in the regions of Senegal are highly correlated with population size and density. This study revealed convincing spatial differences in the evolution of the pandemic between the regions of Senegal. The study recommends that the approaches adopted by regions that have achieved very low levels of COVID-19 be incorporated into health care management plans for the pandemic throughout the country, even as the situation evolves.
China is a water shortage country. The paper analyzes the current situation and problems of water... more China is a water shortage country. The paper analyzes the current situation and problems of water resources in both urban and rural areas. To solve the problems, the paper puts forward five countermeasures and draws up structure chart. It shows specific contents and mutual relationships of each countermeasure clearly, and provides the basis for sustainable development of urban and rural water resources. It can be used in engineering practice effectively.
Introduction: IL s'agira ici d' identifier les particularités diagnostiques et la prise en charge... more Introduction: IL s'agira ici d' identifier les particularités diagnostiques et la prise en charge de l'HRP au Centre Hospitalier de Ndioum au Sénégal. Méthodes: Etude rétrospective descriptive menée à l'hôpital régional de Ndioum, durant la période allant du 1er Janvier 2009 au 31 Décembre 2011. Toutes les patientes qui avaient présenté un HRP étaient incluses. Pour chaque patiente, nous avions étudié les paramètres sociodémographiques et cliniques, les données thérapeutiques et le pronostic materno-foetal. Résultats: La fréquence était de 6,05%. L'âge moyen de nos patientes était compris entre 29 et 84 ans et la parité moyenne de 4,92. Aucune consultation prénatale n'était effectuée chez 16 % des patientes. Les évacuations représentaient 66% de cas. L'âge gestationnel moyen était de 36 semaines d'aménorrhées et la majorité des patientes (86%) était en travail. La gravite du tableau clinique était appréciée selon la classification de Sher avec 63% (114 cas) au grade 3. Une coagulopathie était observée chez 27,2% des patientes. Nous avions retrouvé une relation statistiquement significative entre la gravite du tableau clinique et le pronostic maternel (p=0,026) et foetal (p=0,0000). Une direction du travail était effectuée chez 109 patientes (60% des cas). L'expulsion foetale était obtenue par voie basse dans 49% des cas et une césarienne était effectuée dans 51 % des cas. La morbidité maternelle était dominée par l'anémie secondaire à une hémorragie aigue dans 17,8% des cas et à l'insuffisance rénale aigue dans 6,1% des cas. Les éléments de mauvais pronostic étaient représentés par la gravité du tableau clinique (p=0,03) et le mode d'admission dominé par les évacuations (p=0,01), la relation était statistiquement significative. La voie d'accouchement n'était pas retrouvée comme élément de mauvais pronostic (p=0,09). Nous avions noté douze cas de décès maternels soit 6,6% des patientes. Conclusion: La prévention de la mortalité maternelle et foetale liée à cette affection passe par une amélioration du suivi prénatal, une meilleure organisation du plan d'accouchement et une amélioration des conditions d'évacuation. La mise en place d'une banque de sang fonctionnel, d'une unité réanimation médicale ainsi qu'un service de prise en charge néonatale devient une nécessité pour améliorer le pronostic maternel et néonatal.
Changes in land use and land cover have attracted considerable scientific interest in recent year... more Changes in land use and land cover have attracted considerable scientific interest in recent years because of their marked influence on hydrological cycles. In the tropics, widespread vegetation degradation and changes in land use that occurred from the 1970s onwards have affected the hydrological dynamics of catchments. In this study, land cover changes in the Casamance catchment upstream of Kolda in recent years were analysed and their role in hydrological evolution was estimated. These changes had occurred in environmental conditions between 1987 and 2018. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used to monitor changes in the basin as well as changes in NDVI values. Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images were used respectively. The extraction of land cover in the basin was carried out through the application of unsupervised nesting classification processes. The results indicated that a regression of forest cover in the Casamance River Basin upstream of Kolda and the classification of the area into seven main land categories (forest, savannah, slash-and-burn, cultivated areas, habitat, plantations and water) was significant. Like rainfall, the flow rates, which declined during the 1980s, increased from the 2000s onwards, although the trend was not significant. This increase in runoff is the result of vegetation degradation and increased rainfall. The results highlight the importance of integrating land use information into assessments of water availability in a region where water is a strategic resource.
Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today... more Groundwater is an important natural resource for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Today, due to climate change, population growth, advanced irrigation practices and industrial uses, the demand for groundwater has increased considerably, and needs to be assessed. This article aims to delimit the potential groundwater zones in the Sandougou basin using GIS and remote sensing. The multi-criteria decision analysis technique (MCDA) is used by integrating different thematic layers. The thematic layers of land cover, drainage density, linear density, soil, geology, geomorphology, terrain, slope and rain were prepared and used to make the map potential groundwater areas. Weights have been assigned and standardized to each thematic layer according to their characteristic and their relation to the groundwater recharge. Finally, the thematic maps were integrated by a tool for analyzing the weighted sum of overlays to develop the areas for prospecting for groundwater. According to thi...
Among the people of Ferlo, particularly Fulani pastoralists, the socio-economic and symbolic link... more Among the people of Ferlo, particularly Fulani pastoralists, the socio-economic and symbolic links between their home territory and the other territorial entities of the country have undergone great changes since the end of the sixties. Moreover, the displacement of political and economic power (displacement of the capital from Saint-Louis to Dakar) and its consequences on the development of the country, the creation of hydro-agricultural development in the Senegal valley as well as the multiplication of weekly markets in the rural world, suffice to explain the emergence of political, socio-economic and institutional poles. These different poles have established very strong exchange relations on which people rely to adapt to the vulnerability of their activity. This situation seems to be more anchored in the daily lives of the populations of the sylvopastoral zone since the advent of droughts and reinforces the formulation of the hypothesis of a redefinition of the relationships to ...
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential. The bulk of surface water reserves are... more Senegal has a rich and diversified hydrological potential. The bulk of surface water reserves are located in the basin's rivers Senegal and Gambia, whose waters originate from the Fouta Djallon massif. Alongside these large rivers, there are smaller rivers (Casamance and Kayanga) and small watersheds with temporary flows. Groundwater resources are also an important part of Senegal's water heritage. Unfortunately, water resources are now threatened by anthropogenic actions of diverse origins (extensive agriculture, mining, illegal fishing, bushfires, domestic use along watercourses, etc.) and the adverse effects of climate change. Also, inadequate water management policies increase the water scarcity and are often not conducive to sustainable water resources management. The impact of water shortages is felt on all socioeconomic activities (particularly in the agriculture sector, which is the main user of water in the country), but also in the supply sector water. Thus, for several decades, the Senegalese government has pursued a water control policy aimed at providing water users in sufficient quantities and of appropriate quality according to their usage. In order to correct the heavy trends in water resources sector and to satisfy various demands, Senegal has for some years been committed to a national policy for integrated water resources management (IWRM) and an action plan focusing on taking into account cooperation on shared watersheds.
Use of the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from 1961 to 2019 to characterize the drought trend in northern Senegal: Study of the spatiotemporal dynamics in the Ferlo watershed, 2021
The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes tha... more The study and analysis of the dynamics of the earth's climate is one of the scientific themes that has developed mostly at the recent years. This mobilized several scientists to study, describe or characterize the climate through several methods. These methods derived from climate science have given convincing results of high scientific significance, and above all through the appreciable quality of the indicators provided. In this context, and in order to appreciate this drought trend, we are using in the framework of this study of the Standardized Index of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration (SPEI) during the period 1961-2019. Indeed, the frequency and recurrence of drought are harmful events for the traditional production system in the Sahel region. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the multiscale distribution of droughts. The results obtained define different types of droughts as well as their prevalence. These generally indicate the prevalence of slightly wet and slightly dry traits and are followed by moderately dry and moderately wet indices over all the stations studied. However, it should be noted a periodic occurrence of more or less long droughts which resulted in the preponderance of meteorological and agricultural droughts with occurrences mainly located in the
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Papers by Sidy Dieye