It is suggested that if the structure function νW2 for deep inelastic electron-proton scattering ... more It is suggested that if the structure function νW2 for deep inelastic electron-proton scattering behaves near threshold as νW2~(1ω)(1- 1ω)p for ω≡2MνQ2-->1, then the elastic electromagnetic form factor of the proton F1 behaves for large momentum transfers as F1(Q2)~(1Q2)(p+1)2 for Q2-->∞
This is a review of the program we started in 1968 to understand and generalize Bjorken scaling a... more This is a review of the program we started in 1968 to understand and generalize Bjorken scaling and Feynman's parton model in a canonical quantum field theory. It is shown that the parton model proposed for deep inelastic electron scatterings can be derived if a transverse momentum cutoff is imposed on all particles in the theory so that the impulse approximation holds. The deep inelastic electron-positron annihilation into a nucleon plus anything else is related by the crossing symmetry of quantum field theory to the deep inelastic electron-nucleon scattering. We have investigated the implication of crossing symmetry and found that the structure functions satisfy a scaling behavior analogous to the Bjorken limit for deep inelastic electron scattering. We then find that massive lepton pair production in collisions of two high energy hadrons can be treated by the parton model with an interesting scaling behavior for the differential cross sections. This turns out to be the first example of a class of hard processes involving two initial hadrons.
Sum rules are constructed for the analysis of inelastic electron scattering at high energy (~150 ... more Sum rules are constructed for the analysis of inelastic electron scattering at high energy (~150 Mev) from light nuclei. Effects taken into account are: nucleon charge, recoil, and magnetic-moment currents; exchange currents; finite nucleon size; nuclear center-of-mass motion; and the kinematical factors describing the correct relation between initial and final electron energies, the scattering angle, and the nuclear excitation energy. It appears that a sensitive test of the role of exchange currents in the nuclear ground state is provided by a sum rule for the energy-weighted cross section for fixed-momentum transfer: σE=|q|=constɛσ(ɛ, q)dɛ.
A suggestion of how to correlate the electromagnetic form factors of the proton with p-p scatteri... more A suggestion of how to correlate the electromagnetic form factors of the proton with p-p scattering is developed in detail. We postulate a new elementary local interaction of current-current form plus a diffractive term, and construct for p-p scattering an approximately unitary scattering amplitude for large fixed s and all values of t, using the Fourier-Bessel transform of the scattering amplitude. The t dependence of the resulting cross section is closely correlated with the fourth power of the electromagnetic form factor of the proton, as suggested first by Wu and Yang, and agreees well with high-energy data (Elab~30 BeV) over many decades in values of dsigmadt. Differences from related models are discussed, as well as further applications and experimental implications of the theory.
The scattering of pi+ and pi- mesons by protons and the production of pi+ mesons by gamma-rays in... more The scattering of pi+ and pi- mesons by protons and the production of pi+ mesons by gamma-rays incident on protons are studied with the quantized theory of pseudoscalar mesons with pseudoscalar coupling. The Dyson transformation is applied to the Hamiltonian to yield a new representation in which the velocity-independent aspects of the nucleon dynamics are more readily identified. A large "core" term appears in the meson-nucleon interaction in this representation and is incorporated into the zero-order Hamiltonian. The remaining interaction terms are treated perturbation-wise or according to the Heitler damping procedure. It is found that even after separating out the large core term, this method of approach fails to give agreement between theory and experiment. It does, however, improve on the results of the straight perturbation approximation and brings the theory in closer accord with the observations. It is suggested that a direct test of the role of the "core" term is possible in the process of double meson production by gamma-rays incident on protons.
... 1. Diagrams for elastic interaction of a deu-teron with an electromagnetic field. ... 13D. Du... more ... 1. Diagrams for elastic interaction of a deu-teron with an electromagnetic field. ... 13D. Duane Carmony, Richard L. Lander, Carl Rind-fleisch, Nguyen-huu Xuong, and P. Yager, Phys. Rev. Letters 12, 254 (1964). 352 7 SEPTEMBER 1964 VOLUME 13, NuMBER 10.
Pions offer a unique possibility as probes of nuclear structure since they can exchange two units... more Pions offer a unique possibility as probes of nuclear structure since they can exchange two units of electrical charge unaccompanied by other quantum numbers. We have calculated the double-charge-exchange cross section for the reaction π-+He3-->π++3n in the impulse approximation using the Chew-Low model for the pion-nucleon interaction. Only the dominant 3-3 channel is retained. For incident pions in the energy region of several hundred MeV, values of the differential cross section of d2σdΩdE~1-10 μb/MeV are obtained for forward angles. Triple-scattering terms are also calculated and found to introduce corrections of <10% in d2σdΩdE. Similar results are obtained when the work is extended to the reaction π++O18-->π-+Ne18 using shell-model wave functions.
There is continuing interest in Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) because, the lack of uran... more There is continuing interest in Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) because, the lack of uranium, plutonium, and fission product inventory; the low residual radioactivity and heat; the low operating temperature and pressure; and the ease of rapid shutdown suggest that an APT system is an attractive option in terms of safety, environmental impact, and public acceptance. The goal quantity of
A theory of excitation of simple atoms by slow moving massive monopoles is presented. Previously ... more A theory of excitation of simple atoms by slow moving massive monopoles is presented. Previously presented results for a monopole of Dirac strength on hydrogen and helium are reviewed. The hydrogen theory is extended to include arbitrary integral multiples of the Dirac pole strength. The excitation of helium by double strength poles and by dyons is also discussed. A helium
The end of the US-Soviet standoff and the increasing risk of political adventurers such as Saddam... more The end of the US-Soviet standoff and the increasing risk of political adventurers such as Saddam Hussein developing nuclear capability have profoundly altered the shape of global nuclear danger. In Reducing Nuclear Danger, three of America's top experts on nuclear ...
It is suggested that if the structure function νW2 for deep inelastic electron-proton scattering ... more It is suggested that if the structure function νW2 for deep inelastic electron-proton scattering behaves near threshold as νW2~(1ω)(1- 1ω)p for ω≡2MνQ2-->1, then the elastic electromagnetic form factor of the proton F1 behaves for large momentum transfers as F1(Q2)~(1Q2)(p+1)2 for Q2-->∞
This is a review of the program we started in 1968 to understand and generalize Bjorken scaling a... more This is a review of the program we started in 1968 to understand and generalize Bjorken scaling and Feynman's parton model in a canonical quantum field theory. It is shown that the parton model proposed for deep inelastic electron scatterings can be derived if a transverse momentum cutoff is imposed on all particles in the theory so that the impulse approximation holds. The deep inelastic electron-positron annihilation into a nucleon plus anything else is related by the crossing symmetry of quantum field theory to the deep inelastic electron-nucleon scattering. We have investigated the implication of crossing symmetry and found that the structure functions satisfy a scaling behavior analogous to the Bjorken limit for deep inelastic electron scattering. We then find that massive lepton pair production in collisions of two high energy hadrons can be treated by the parton model with an interesting scaling behavior for the differential cross sections. This turns out to be the first example of a class of hard processes involving two initial hadrons.
Sum rules are constructed for the analysis of inelastic electron scattering at high energy (~150 ... more Sum rules are constructed for the analysis of inelastic electron scattering at high energy (~150 Mev) from light nuclei. Effects taken into account are: nucleon charge, recoil, and magnetic-moment currents; exchange currents; finite nucleon size; nuclear center-of-mass motion; and the kinematical factors describing the correct relation between initial and final electron energies, the scattering angle, and the nuclear excitation energy. It appears that a sensitive test of the role of exchange currents in the nuclear ground state is provided by a sum rule for the energy-weighted cross section for fixed-momentum transfer: σE=|q|=constɛσ(ɛ, q)dɛ.
A suggestion of how to correlate the electromagnetic form factors of the proton with p-p scatteri... more A suggestion of how to correlate the electromagnetic form factors of the proton with p-p scattering is developed in detail. We postulate a new elementary local interaction of current-current form plus a diffractive term, and construct for p-p scattering an approximately unitary scattering amplitude for large fixed s and all values of t, using the Fourier-Bessel transform of the scattering amplitude. The t dependence of the resulting cross section is closely correlated with the fourth power of the electromagnetic form factor of the proton, as suggested first by Wu and Yang, and agreees well with high-energy data (Elab~30 BeV) over many decades in values of dsigmadt. Differences from related models are discussed, as well as further applications and experimental implications of the theory.
The scattering of pi+ and pi- mesons by protons and the production of pi+ mesons by gamma-rays in... more The scattering of pi+ and pi- mesons by protons and the production of pi+ mesons by gamma-rays incident on protons are studied with the quantized theory of pseudoscalar mesons with pseudoscalar coupling. The Dyson transformation is applied to the Hamiltonian to yield a new representation in which the velocity-independent aspects of the nucleon dynamics are more readily identified. A large "core" term appears in the meson-nucleon interaction in this representation and is incorporated into the zero-order Hamiltonian. The remaining interaction terms are treated perturbation-wise or according to the Heitler damping procedure. It is found that even after separating out the large core term, this method of approach fails to give agreement between theory and experiment. It does, however, improve on the results of the straight perturbation approximation and brings the theory in closer accord with the observations. It is suggested that a direct test of the role of the "core" term is possible in the process of double meson production by gamma-rays incident on protons.
... 1. Diagrams for elastic interaction of a deu-teron with an electromagnetic field. ... 13D. Du... more ... 1. Diagrams for elastic interaction of a deu-teron with an electromagnetic field. ... 13D. Duane Carmony, Richard L. Lander, Carl Rind-fleisch, Nguyen-huu Xuong, and P. Yager, Phys. Rev. Letters 12, 254 (1964). 352 7 SEPTEMBER 1964 VOLUME 13, NuMBER 10.
Pions offer a unique possibility as probes of nuclear structure since they can exchange two units... more Pions offer a unique possibility as probes of nuclear structure since they can exchange two units of electrical charge unaccompanied by other quantum numbers. We have calculated the double-charge-exchange cross section for the reaction π-+He3-->π++3n in the impulse approximation using the Chew-Low model for the pion-nucleon interaction. Only the dominant 3-3 channel is retained. For incident pions in the energy region of several hundred MeV, values of the differential cross section of d2σdΩdE~1-10 μb/MeV are obtained for forward angles. Triple-scattering terms are also calculated and found to introduce corrections of <10% in d2σdΩdE. Similar results are obtained when the work is extended to the reaction π++O18-->π-+Ne18 using shell-model wave functions.
There is continuing interest in Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) because, the lack of uran... more There is continuing interest in Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) because, the lack of uranium, plutonium, and fission product inventory; the low residual radioactivity and heat; the low operating temperature and pressure; and the ease of rapid shutdown suggest that an APT system is an attractive option in terms of safety, environmental impact, and public acceptance. The goal quantity of
A theory of excitation of simple atoms by slow moving massive monopoles is presented. Previously ... more A theory of excitation of simple atoms by slow moving massive monopoles is presented. Previously presented results for a monopole of Dirac strength on hydrogen and helium are reviewed. The hydrogen theory is extended to include arbitrary integral multiples of the Dirac pole strength. The excitation of helium by double strength poles and by dyons is also discussed. A helium
The end of the US-Soviet standoff and the increasing risk of political adventurers such as Saddam... more The end of the US-Soviet standoff and the increasing risk of political adventurers such as Saddam Hussein developing nuclear capability have profoundly altered the shape of global nuclear danger. In Reducing Nuclear Danger, three of America's top experts on nuclear ...
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