Spatial-temporal Pattern Analysis and Spatial Disparity Research on Provincial Total Fertility Rate in China
Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012
Gobal spatial autocorrelation and local spatial association were applied in provincial fertility ... more Gobal spatial autocorrelation and local spatial association were applied in provincial fertility disparity research during low fertility period in 1990s,to reveal spatial-temporal pattern of fertility distribution.The results indicate that provincial fertility level in China has statistically significant positive spatial autocorrelation with up-rising temporal trend.Meanwhile,Xizang and Guizhou,these two regions of potential extreme high fertility rate have great contribution to the global Moran's I.Moreover,the divide of the east and the west still exists,specifically regions with significant high-high cluster pattern stably shrink to the north-west and the south-west,which shows these regions have little disparity with Sichuan region of low-high spatial outlier pattern;while regions with low-low cluster pattern spread from the north to the central,which suggests that they have much disparity with only Jilin,Beijing-Tianjin and Jiangsu as significant regions.
Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking for COVID-19， a... more Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking for COVID-19， and the contemporary spread of COVID-19 varies in different counties of the United States. It is necessary to estimate the cases that may be underestimated based on county-level data to take better countermeasures against COVID-19. We suggested taking time-varying SIR models with unreported infection rates (UIR)to estimate the factual COVID-19 cases in the United States. Methods SIR integrated with unreported infection rates (SIRu) of fixed time effect and SIR with time-varying parameters (tvSIRu)were applied to estimate and compare the value of transmission rate(TR), UIR, and infection fatality rate (IFR) based on US county-level COVID-19 data. Results Based on US county-level COVID-19 data from January 22 (T1) to August 20 (T212) in 2020, SIRu was first tested and verified by a general OLS regression. The further regression of SIRu at the country-level showed that the average values of TR, UIR, and IFR were 0.034,19.5, 0.51% respectively. The range of TR, UIR, IFR of all states ranged were 0.007-0.157 (mean=0.048) ,7.31-185.6 (mean=38.89), and 0.04%-2.22% (mean=0.22%). Among time-varying transmission rate equations, the power function showed better fitness, which indicated a decline in TR decreasing from 227.58 (T1) to 0.022 (T212). The general equation of tvSIRu showed that both the UIR and IFR were gradually increasing, wherein, the UIR has an estimate of 9.1(95%CI = 5.7-14.0), and IFR was 0.70% (0.52%-0.95%) at T212. Interpretation Despite the decline in TR and IFR, the UIR of the United States is still on the rise, which had been supposed to decrease with sufficient tests or improved countersues. The US medical system may be largely affected by severe cases in the rapid spread of COVDI-19.
Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, Christianity has been developing rap... more Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, Christianity has been developing rapidly in the countryside, which has a huge impact on rural social governance. Combined with fieldwork and combing literature, a thorough investigation into Z village had been taken to acquire the condition of local residents' Christian faith, further the reason of Christian expansion and Christian social function have been dissected. The results show that low entry threshold, localization reform, preaching innovation and concerning Christians, etc. are important factors of Christian expansion rapidly in rural areas. What's more, Christianity starts to become a positive force to maintain social order, improve social interaction and raise the public morality.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Religious Diversity and Economic Development in China
Social Science Research Network, 2014
This paper investigates the interaction between religious diversity and economic development in C... more This paper investigates the interaction between religious diversity and economic development in China. We use religious fragmentation and polarization to measure the diversity of religion. Based on the panel data of religious sites by province from economic census in China, we apply panel data regression to find the following evidence: (1) Religious fragmentation demonstrates a positive and significant impact on regional economic development while religious polarization has a negative and significant impact on regional economic development with different patterns in the eastern, central and western regions of China. (2) Economic development shows a positive and significant influence on religious fragmentation while its impact on polarization is positive but insignificant. A significant two-way relationship exists between religious diversity and economic development in China. We discussed policy implication with convincible results.
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research, Apr 1, 2014
With the announcement of open information policy by the Chinese government, there has been lots o... more With the announcement of open information policy by the Chinese government, there has been lots of development in government statistics, Census data, and GIS data. That information provides rich reference for regional analysis in China. The primary challenges under rapid data growth include how to efficiently integrate those space-time data, provide methodology for different research targets, and promote their applications in different fields. This report will present some recent developments of spatial intelligence technologies for spatial data integration, data analysis, as well as their applications. The report will introduce the newly developed spatial explorer (China Geo-Explorer) as a joint effort by the University of Michigan China Data Center and Wuhan University. It will demonstrate how space-time data of different formats and sources can be integrated, visualized, analyzed and reported in a web based system. Some applications in disaster assessment, environment and health, cultural and religious studies will be discussed for China and global studies.
This paper investigates possible impacts of religious diversity on regional development in China.... more This paper investigates possible impacts of religious diversity on regional development in China. We developed the religious fragmentation and polarization indices as measurements for the religious diversity by using the religious site data from the 2004 economic Census data in China. The results from the panel data regressions within national coverage suggest that the religious diversity has positive and significant impacts on regional development in general. The results from the panel data regressions within regional coverage also suggest that religious fragmentation has a positive and significant association with the economic development in the eastern region of China while religious polarization has a positive and significant association with the economic development in the central and western regions of China.
Estimating Unreported COVID-19 Cases in the United States Based on Time-Varying SIR Model
Social Science Research Network, 2020
Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking，and the contemp... more Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking，and the contemporary spread of COVID-19 varies in different counties of the United States. It is necessary to estimate the cases that may be underestimated based on county-level data to take better countermeasures against COVID-19. We suggested taking time-varying SIR models with unreported infection rates (UIR)to estimate the factual COVID-19 cases in the United States. Methods SIR integrated with unreported infection rates (SIRu) of fixed time effect and SIR with time-varying parameters (tvSIRu)were applied to estimate and compare the value of transmission rate(TR), UIR, and infection fatality rate (IFR) based on US county-level COVID-19 data. Results Based on US county-level COVID-19 data from January 22 (T1) to August 20 (T212) in 2020, SIRu was first tested and verified by a general OLS regression. The further regression of SIRu at the country-level showed that the average values of TR, UIR, and IFR were 0.034,19.5, 0.51% respectively. The range of IR, UIR, IFR of all states ranged were 0.007-0.157 (mean=0.048) ,7.31-185.6 (mean=38.89), and 0.04%-2.22% (mean=0.22%). Among time-varying transmission rate equations, the power function showed better fitness, which indicated a decline in TR decreasing from 227.58 (T1) to 0.022 (T212). The general equation of tvSIRu showed that both the UIR and IFR were gradually increasing, wherein, the UIR has an estimate of 9.1(95%CI = 5.7-14.0), and IFR was 0.70% (0.52%-0.95%) at T212. Interpretation Despite the decline in TR and IFR, the UIR of the United States is still on the rise, which had been supposed to decrease with sufficient tests or improved countersues. The US medical system may be largely affected by severe cases in the rapid spread of COVDI-19.
The extension of the functional capacity of geographic information systems (GIS) with tools for s... more The extension of the functional capacity of geographic information systems (GIS) with tools for statistical analysis in general and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) in particular has been an increasingly active area of research in recent years. In this paper, two operational implementations that combine the functionality of spatial data analysis software with a GIS are considered more closely. They consist of linkages between the S-PLUS software for data analysis and two di¨erent GIS implementations, the ArcView desktop system, which is mostly vector-oriented, and the primarily rasterbased Grassland open GIS environment. We emphasize conceptual and technical issues related to the software implementation of these approaches and suggest future directions for linking spatial statistics and GIS.
Urban and Regional Explorer with spatial intelligence
ABSTRACT Researchers from urban and regional studies often find it difficult to integrate and ana... more ABSTRACT Researchers from urban and regional studies often find it difficult to integrate and analyze data from multiple sources efficiently. Spatial intelligence, supported by spatial technology, provides an effective way to integrate information, methodology and knowledge together. In this paper, we present the Urban and Regional Explorer based on China Geo-Explorer, which is a web based platform for spatial intelligence, acting both as a data provider and a service provider. Large amount of data are added to meet research needs, and several functions are enhanced to make the usage more efficient. Ten sets of reports are prepared for easy information extraction, a new Point of interest (POI) module is integrated into the platform to assist users to find interesting or helpful data, and the ESDA methods in the platform are further enhanced to make the user's exploration more straightforward and interactive.
Spatial-temporal Pattern Analysis and Spatial Disparity Research on Provincial Total Fertility Rate in China
Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012
Gobal spatial autocorrelation and local spatial association were applied in provincial fertility ... more Gobal spatial autocorrelation and local spatial association were applied in provincial fertility disparity research during low fertility period in 1990s,to reveal spatial-temporal pattern of fertility distribution.The results indicate that provincial fertility level in China has statistically significant positive spatial autocorrelation with up-rising temporal trend.Meanwhile,Xizang and Guizhou,these two regions of potential extreme high fertility rate have great contribution to the global Moran's I.Moreover,the divide of the east and the west still exists,specifically regions with significant high-high cluster pattern stably shrink to the north-west and the south-west,which shows these regions have little disparity with Sichuan region of low-high spatial outlier pattern;while regions with low-low cluster pattern spread from the north to the central,which suggests that they have much disparity with only Jilin,Beijing-Tianjin and Jiangsu as significant regions.
Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking for COVID-19， a... more Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking for COVID-19， and the contemporary spread of COVID-19 varies in different counties of the United States. It is necessary to estimate the cases that may be underestimated based on county-level data to take better countermeasures against COVID-19. We suggested taking time-varying SIR models with unreported infection rates (UIR)to estimate the factual COVID-19 cases in the United States. Methods SIR integrated with unreported infection rates (SIRu) of fixed time effect and SIR with time-varying parameters (tvSIRu)were applied to estimate and compare the value of transmission rate(TR), UIR, and infection fatality rate (IFR) based on US county-level COVID-19 data. Results Based on US county-level COVID-19 data from January 22 (T1) to August 20 (T212) in 2020, SIRu was first tested and verified by a general OLS regression. The further regression of SIRu at the country-level showed that the average values of TR, UIR, and IFR were 0.034,19.5, 0.51% respectively. The range of TR, UIR, IFR of all states ranged were 0.007-0.157 (mean=0.048) ,7.31-185.6 (mean=38.89), and 0.04%-2.22% (mean=0.22%). Among time-varying transmission rate equations, the power function showed better fitness, which indicated a decline in TR decreasing from 227.58 (T1) to 0.022 (T212). The general equation of tvSIRu showed that both the UIR and IFR were gradually increasing, wherein, the UIR has an estimate of 9.1(95%CI = 5.7-14.0), and IFR was 0.70% (0.52%-0.95%) at T212. Interpretation Despite the decline in TR and IFR, the UIR of the United States is still on the rise, which had been supposed to decrease with sufficient tests or improved countersues. The US medical system may be largely affected by severe cases in the rapid spread of COVDI-19.
Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, Christianity has been developing rap... more Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, Christianity has been developing rapidly in the countryside, which has a huge impact on rural social governance. Combined with fieldwork and combing literature, a thorough investigation into Z village had been taken to acquire the condition of local residents' Christian faith, further the reason of Christian expansion and Christian social function have been dissected. The results show that low entry threshold, localization reform, preaching innovation and concerning Christians, etc. are important factors of Christian expansion rapidly in rural areas. What's more, Christianity starts to become a positive force to maintain social order, improve social interaction and raise the public morality.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Religious Diversity and Economic Development in China
Social Science Research Network, 2014
This paper investigates the interaction between religious diversity and economic development in C... more This paper investigates the interaction between religious diversity and economic development in China. We use religious fragmentation and polarization to measure the diversity of religion. Based on the panel data of religious sites by province from economic census in China, we apply panel data regression to find the following evidence: (1) Religious fragmentation demonstrates a positive and significant impact on regional economic development while religious polarization has a negative and significant impact on regional economic development with different patterns in the eastern, central and western regions of China. (2) Economic development shows a positive and significant influence on religious fragmentation while its impact on polarization is positive but insignificant. A significant two-way relationship exists between religious diversity and economic development in China. We discussed policy implication with convincible results.
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research, Apr 1, 2014
With the announcement of open information policy by the Chinese government, there has been lots o... more With the announcement of open information policy by the Chinese government, there has been lots of development in government statistics, Census data, and GIS data. That information provides rich reference for regional analysis in China. The primary challenges under rapid data growth include how to efficiently integrate those space-time data, provide methodology for different research targets, and promote their applications in different fields. This report will present some recent developments of spatial intelligence technologies for spatial data integration, data analysis, as well as their applications. The report will introduce the newly developed spatial explorer (China Geo-Explorer) as a joint effort by the University of Michigan China Data Center and Wuhan University. It will demonstrate how space-time data of different formats and sources can be integrated, visualized, analyzed and reported in a web based system. Some applications in disaster assessment, environment and health, cultural and religious studies will be discussed for China and global studies.
This paper investigates possible impacts of religious diversity on regional development in China.... more This paper investigates possible impacts of religious diversity on regional development in China. We developed the religious fragmentation and polarization indices as measurements for the religious diversity by using the religious site data from the 2004 economic Census data in China. The results from the panel data regressions within national coverage suggest that the religious diversity has positive and significant impacts on regional development in general. The results from the panel data regressions within regional coverage also suggest that religious fragmentation has a positive and significant association with the economic development in the eastern region of China while religious polarization has a positive and significant association with the economic development in the central and western regions of China.
Estimating Unreported COVID-19 Cases in the United States Based on Time-Varying SIR Model
Social Science Research Network, 2020
Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking，and the contemp... more Background The potential unreported infection may impair and mislead policymaking，and the contemporary spread of COVID-19 varies in different counties of the United States. It is necessary to estimate the cases that may be underestimated based on county-level data to take better countermeasures against COVID-19. We suggested taking time-varying SIR models with unreported infection rates (UIR)to estimate the factual COVID-19 cases in the United States. Methods SIR integrated with unreported infection rates (SIRu) of fixed time effect and SIR with time-varying parameters (tvSIRu)were applied to estimate and compare the value of transmission rate(TR), UIR, and infection fatality rate (IFR) based on US county-level COVID-19 data. Results Based on US county-level COVID-19 data from January 22 (T1) to August 20 (T212) in 2020, SIRu was first tested and verified by a general OLS regression. The further regression of SIRu at the country-level showed that the average values of TR, UIR, and IFR were 0.034,19.5, 0.51% respectively. The range of IR, UIR, IFR of all states ranged were 0.007-0.157 (mean=0.048) ,7.31-185.6 (mean=38.89), and 0.04%-2.22% (mean=0.22%). Among time-varying transmission rate equations, the power function showed better fitness, which indicated a decline in TR decreasing from 227.58 (T1) to 0.022 (T212). The general equation of tvSIRu showed that both the UIR and IFR were gradually increasing, wherein, the UIR has an estimate of 9.1(95%CI = 5.7-14.0), and IFR was 0.70% (0.52%-0.95%) at T212. Interpretation Despite the decline in TR and IFR, the UIR of the United States is still on the rise, which had been supposed to decrease with sufficient tests or improved countersues. The US medical system may be largely affected by severe cases in the rapid spread of COVDI-19.
The extension of the functional capacity of geographic information systems (GIS) with tools for s... more The extension of the functional capacity of geographic information systems (GIS) with tools for statistical analysis in general and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) in particular has been an increasingly active area of research in recent years. In this paper, two operational implementations that combine the functionality of spatial data analysis software with a GIS are considered more closely. They consist of linkages between the S-PLUS software for data analysis and two di¨erent GIS implementations, the ArcView desktop system, which is mostly vector-oriented, and the primarily rasterbased Grassland open GIS environment. We emphasize conceptual and technical issues related to the software implementation of these approaches and suggest future directions for linking spatial statistics and GIS.
Urban and Regional Explorer with spatial intelligence
ABSTRACT Researchers from urban and regional studies often find it difficult to integrate and ana... more ABSTRACT Researchers from urban and regional studies often find it difficult to integrate and analyze data from multiple sources efficiently. Spatial intelligence, supported by spatial technology, provides an effective way to integrate information, methodology and knowledge together. In this paper, we present the Urban and Regional Explorer based on China Geo-Explorer, which is a web based platform for spatial intelligence, acting both as a data provider and a service provider. Large amount of data are added to meet research needs, and several functions are enhanced to make the usage more efficient. Ten sets of reports are prepared for easy information extraction, a new Point of interest (POI) module is integrated into the platform to assist users to find interesting or helpful data, and the ESDA methods in the platform are further enhanced to make the user's exploration more straightforward and interactive.
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