Papers by Shobhit Srivastava
BMC Geriatrics
Background The rapidly aging population is a major concern for countries, especially where cognit... more Background The rapidly aging population is a major concern for countries, especially where cognitive health in older age is poor. The study examined the socioeconomic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults and the contribution of those factors to the concentration of low cognitive functioning among older adults from economically poor households. Methods Data this study were derived from the “Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India” (BKPAI) survey, which was carried out in seven major states of India. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9176 older adults aged 60 years and above. Results from descriptive and bivariate analysis were reported in the initial stage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations. Additionally, the concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure socioeconomic inequality in cognitive impairment among older adults. Wagstaff decompositio...
BMC Public Health
Background Despite a significant increase in the skilled birth assisted (SBA) deliveries in India... more Background Despite a significant increase in the skilled birth assisted (SBA) deliveries in India, there are huge gaps in availing maternity care services across social gradients - particularly across states and regions. Therefore, this study applies the spatial-regression model to examine the spatial distribution of SBA across districts of India. Furthermore, the study tries to understand the spatially associated population characteristics that influence the low coverage of SBA across districts of India and its regions. Methods The study used national representative cross-sectional survey data obtained from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey, conducted in 2015-16. The effective sample size was 259,469 for the analysis. Moran’s I statistics and bivariate Local Indicator for Spatial Association maps were used to understand spatial dependence and clustering of deliveries conducted by SBA coverage in districts of India. Ordinary least square, spatial lag and spatial erro...
BMC Public Health
Introduction Advancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of ol... more Introduction Advancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of older adults in a family setup that is associated with caregiving and support. While family life and well-being are defined by emotion, caregiving, and support activities, dissatisfaction/discontent with living arrangements is a public health concern, which is increasing with a rise in the proportion of the older population in the country. The study examines the association of dissatisfaction with living arrangements with health outcomes among older men and women in India. Methods The present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India'. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9181 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to present the preliminary estimates. For finding the association between various health outcomes over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used separately for ...
BMC Public Health, 2022
Background Losing teeth has been considered as part of normal aging. However, in developing count... more Background Losing teeth has been considered as part of normal aging. However, in developing countries, tooth loss among older adults is shown to be more negatively associated with self-image and quality of life compared to their western counterparts. This study examines the association of tooth loss with self-rated health and psychological and subjective wellbeing among older adults in India. Methods Data were derived from the "Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India" (BKPAI) survey which was carried out in 2011. The final sample size for the analysis was 9231 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to fulfil the objective of the study. Results A proportion of 12.3% of older adults reported complete tooth loss. It was found that older adults who reported tooth loss were 2.38 times significantly more likely to have poor self-rated health (SRH) [2.38; CI: 1.99,2.83] than older adu...
Additional file 1: Figure-S1. Poor and non-poor differentials for growth patterns among children ... more Additional file 1: Figure-S1. Poor and non-poor differentials for growth patterns among children in urban India, 2005–06 and 2015–16. Table- S1 Mean and standard error estimates for HAZ, WAZ and WHZ scores among children under 5 years in urban India, 2005–06. Table- S2 Mean and standard error estimates for HAZ, WAZ and WHZ scores among children under 5 years in urban India, 2015–16
BMC Public Health, 2021
Background Malnutrition in mothers as well as in children is a significant public health challeng... more Background Malnutrition in mothers as well as in children is a significant public health challenge in most of the developing countries. The triple burden of malnutrition is a relatively new issue on the horizon of health debate and is less explored among scholars widely. The present study examines the prevalence of the triple burden of malnutrition (TBM) and explored various factors associated with the TBM among mother-child pairs in India. Methods Data used in this study were drawn from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV) conducted in 2015–16 (N = 168,784). Bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the results. About 5.7% of mother-child pairs were suffering from TBM. Results Age of mother, educational status of the mother, cesarean section delivery, birth size of baby, wealth status of a household, and place of residence were the most important correlates for the triple burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs in Indi...
PLOS ONE, 2021
Background Despite economic growth observed in developing countries, under-nutrition still contin... more Background Despite economic growth observed in developing countries, under-nutrition still continues to be a major health problem. Undernutrition in adolescence can disrupt normal growth and puberty development and may have long-term impact. Therefore, it is important to study the undernutrition among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the associated factors of stunting, thinness and the coexistence of both (stunting and thinness) among the adolescent belonging to Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India. Methods The study utilized data from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) project survey, which was conducted in two Indian states Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, in 2016 by Population Council under the guidance of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Utilizing information on 20,594 adolescents aged 10–19 years (adolescent boys-5,969 and adolescent girls-14,625), the study examined three outcome variables, i.e., thinness, stu...
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2021
Background Self-reported maternal complications are associated with maternal morbidity, deliverie... more Background Self-reported maternal complications are associated with maternal morbidity, deliveries by C-section, postpartum depression, and maternal death. Thus, it is necessary to examine the contribution of socio-demographic and maternal characteristics, as well as service utilization in the rising self-reporting of maternal complications (difficulty with daylight vision, convulsions, swelling of the legs, body or face, heavy vaginal bleeding or high fever) in India. The study aimed at examining the factors that have influenced the increasing prevalence of maternal complications between 2005–06 and 2015–16 in India. Methods Data from the two most recent rounds of the National Family Health Survey, which covered a sample of 36,850 and 190,898 women respectively who delivered in the last five years preceding the survey has been used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to carve out the factors which significantly contributed to maternal complications among women aged 15 – 49 ...
BMC Public Health, 2021
Anaemia is a global health concern and is also a common comorbidity in multiple medical condition... more Anaemia is a global health concern and is also a common comorbidity in multiple medical conditions. Very limited research is available examining anaemia among family members in India and across various countries. The present study aimed to examine the co-existence of the triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs in a family. The data utilized was from the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. The effective sample size for the study was 26,910 couples, along with children aged 6–59 months. The bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to assess the factors associated with family-level anaemia. In bivariate analysis, a chi-square test was performed to determine the association of socio-demographic factors with anaemic family. More than half of the mothers (57.5%) and their children (58%), along with 10% of fathers, were found to be anaemic; however, the co-existence of triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs was 4.7% i...
BMC Public Health, 2021
Background Studies have examined functional disability among older adults by combining Activities... more Background Studies have examined functional disability among older adults by combining Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). This study adds another dimension to ADL and IADL by combining various impairments such as hearing, vision, walking, chewing, speaking, and memory loss among older adults. This study examines functional disability among older adults in India as measured by ADL, IADL, along with various impairments. Methods This study utilized data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI), a national-level survey and conducted across seven states of India. The study utilized three outcome variables, namely, ADL, IADL, and Impairments. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used along with multivariate analysis to fulfil the objectives of the study. The concentration index was calculated for ADL, IADL, and impairments, and further, decomposition analysis was carried out for IADL. Results The results obser...
BMC Psychiatry, 2021
Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and p... more Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and physical health and lower mortality. The present study contributes to the existing literature on the linkages of self-perceived income sufficiency and cognitive impairment. Study also provides additional insights on other socioeconomic and health-related variables that are associated with cognitive impairment in older ages. Methods Data for this study is derived from the 'Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India'. The final sample size for the analysis after removing missing cases was 9176 older adults. Descriptive along with bivariate analyses were presented to show the plausible associations of cognitive impairment with potential risk factors using the chi-square test. Also, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to provide the relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors. The software used was STATA 14. Results About 43% of older adults rep...
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2021
Diabetes is a major chronic condition and was identified as one of the four priority non-communic... more Diabetes is a major chronic condition and was identified as one of the four priority non-communicable diseases that the United Nations targeted because of its increasing disease burden. The present study aims to examine the impact of physical activity on improving diabetes mellitus among older adults in India. This study utilizes data from India's first nationally representative longitudinal ageing survey (2017-18). Descriptive along with bivariate analysis was used to present the preliminary results. Additionally, Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used. About 14% of older adults suffered from diabetes. Eighteen percent of older adults did frequent physical activity. The estimated average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) values in treated and control groups were 0.123 and 0.147, respectively, indicating that the prevalence of diabetes among older adults was reduced by 2.5% points because of frequent physical activity. The average treatment effect on the untreated (ATU) results indicates that among older adults who did not do frequent physical activity, if they did frequent physical activity, the prevalence of diabetes is likely to decrease by 2.2% points. Our findings show that frequent physical activity is associated with a lower risk of diabetes in older adults. The results underscore the need to develop strategies of promoting an active lifestyle by maintaining physical activity to combat the diabetes epidemic in the older population.
Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Objective: The present paper examined the association of physical activity and substance use with... more Objective: The present paper examined the association of physical activity and substance use with depressive symptoms among adolescents in lower socioeconomic settings in India. We hypothesized that physical activity would be positively associated with lower depression levels and that the relationship would be inverse in case of substance use. Methods: We utilized data from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey. The depression level was assessed by combining nine questions on symptoms, having a higher internal validity (Cronbach alpha value: 0.86), and adopting a negative binomial regression model. Results: The study demonstrated a higher mean depression score among educated, girls, and adolescents who consumed substance and were not involved in physical activity. Adolescents who are physically inactive (IRR: 1.33; CI: 1.25-1.41) and use substance (IRR-1.26; CI: 1.11-1.43) were more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to their counterparts. However, after controlling the effect of background variables, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) decreased for physical activities (IRR: 0.88; CI: 0.81-0.94) and increased for substance use (IRR: 1.39; CI: 1.22-1.58). Conclusion: Substance use predisposes adolescents toward depression; therefore, educating teens on the effects of substance use is important as it would control possible substance use among adolescents.
PLOS ONE, 2021
Background Gender and health are two factors that shape the quality of life in old age. Previous ... more Background Gender and health are two factors that shape the quality of life in old age. Previous available literature established an associaton between various demographic and socio-economic factors with the health and well-being of older adults in India; however, the influence of childless aged is neglected. Therefore, the study examined the gender differential in psychological health and subjective well-being among older adults, focusing on childless older adults. Methodology This study utilized data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Psychological health and subjective well-being were examined for 9541 older adults aged 60 years & above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to find the preliminary results. Further, multivariate analysis has been done to fulfill the objective of the study. Results Around one-fifth (21.2%) of the men reported low psychological health, whereas around one-fourth (25.5%) of the women reported low ps...
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2021
Abstract Background There will be more than twice as many older persons as children under five ye... more Abstract Background There will be more than twice as many older persons as children under five years of age by 2050. As people get older, their everyday decision-making abilities seem to be under increasing scrutiny, contributing to low psychological health and low subjective well-being. Therefore, the present study examines the association of improving and declining household decision-making power of older adults with their psychological health and subjective well-being. Methods Data for 9141 older adults from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI) was utilized. Psychological health and subjective well-being among older adults were the outcome variables. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis was used to find the preliminary results. Further, multivariate analysis has been utilized to confirm the findings. Results Older adults whose role declined as decision-makers were 3.01 times and 2.35 times significantly more likely to have low psychological health (AOR: 3.01; CI: 2.66–3.41) and low subjective well-being (AOR: 2.35; CI: 2.08–2.66), respectively, as compared to those whose role as a decision-maker improved/remained same. Other characteristics, such as the respondent's age, education, community involvement, and trust over someone, also improve psychological health and subjective well-being among older adults. Conclusion This study provides first-hand information on the role of decision-making and its impact on psychological health and subjective well-being among older adults; however, additional studies that replicate, extend, and improve on this research are urgently needed. Evidence that community involvement positively affects psychological health and subjective well-being calls out for improving ways to increase social participation among older adults.
PLOS ONE, 2021
Introduction The living arrangements among the older population form a basic pointer to the care ... more Introduction The living arrangements among the older population form a basic pointer to the care and support of older adults in India, and living with extended kin is clearly differentiated from living separately. This paper attempts to understand the associations between socio-economic and health-related variables with preference for the separate living among older adults in India. Materials and methods Using data from Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI), we employed bivariate and probit regressions on a sample of 9540 older adults to fulfil the study objective. Results Nearly 21% of older adults were living alone/with a spouse. Additionally, those older adults who lived alone/with spouse had specific reasons, i.e. about 14.6% reported that they had no children, 47.3% of older adults had their children away and 15.9% of older adults reported a family conflict. Availability of children is consistently found to be negatively associated with the preference of...
Children and Youth Services Review, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
BMC Public Health, 2020
Background With increasing urbanization in India, child growth among urban poor has emerged as a ... more Background With increasing urbanization in India, child growth among urban poor has emerged as a paramount public health concern amidst the continuously growing slum population and deteriorating quality of life. This study analyses child undernutrition among urban poor and non-poor and decomposes the contribution of various factors influencing socio-economic inequality. This paper uses data from two recent rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3&4) conducted during 2005–06 and 2015–16. Methods The concentration index (CI) and the concentration curve (CC) measure socio-economic inequality in child growth in terms of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Wagstaff decomposition further analyses key contributors in CI by segregating significant covariates into five groups-mother’s factor, health-seeking factors, environmental factors, child factors, and socio-economic factors. Results The prevalence of child undernutrition was more pronounced among children from poor socio-economi...
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2020
An important line of inquiry is to find an association between death of preceding child and Child... more An important line of inquiry is to find an association between death of preceding child and Child Health Care (CHC) services utilization for subsequent births. Study hypothesized that there was no difference in CHC services utilization for subsequent birth by previous child survival status. Data from National Family Health Survey, 2015-16, was used. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to assess the results. Result found that if previous child were alive, then 60% and 26% of the succeeding child would get full immunization and postnatal care (PNC), respectively, whereas, if preceding child were dead, then 64% and 28% of the succeeding child would receive full immunization and PNC, respectively. Further results found that odds for full immunization [AOR: 1.21; p < 0.05; CI: 1.09-1.34] and PNC [AOR: 1.09, p < 0.05, CI: 1.03-1.15] were higher for the succeeding child if the preceding child was dead. Multiple approaches are required to increase awareness about the benefits of CHC services.
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Papers by Shobhit Srivastava