Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, May 28, 2020
Background: Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to... more Background: Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Asiatic Acid (AA), a triterpene and a known component of this herb, has been shown to display important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant, hepatoprotective, pancreas protective, and cardio- protective. Objective: This review focuses on AA’s anti-cancer effects on the basis of published literature found in a number of databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Emphasis has been given to the mechanisms of action of its anti-cancer effect. Methods: A literature survey was conducted using known databases such as PubMed and Science Direct using the keywords ‘Asiatic acid’, pairing with ‘cancer’, ‘tumor’, ‘anti-cancer effect’, ‘cytotoxic effect’, ‘anti-tumor activity’, ‘cell line’, ‘animal cancer’, and ‘human cancer’. Results: Findings suggest that AA exerts anti-cancer effects in several test systems through various pathways, including oxidative/antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, necrosis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferation and cell migration, and chemoprevention. Conclusions: AA may be an effective plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a promising lead for the development of potent anticancer drugs.
Mikania micrantha is utilized as a therapeutic for the treatment of various human ailments includ... more Mikania micrantha is utilized as a therapeutic for the treatment of various human ailments including insect bites, rashes and itches of skin, chicken pox, healing of sores and wounds, colds and fever, nausea, jaundice, rheumatism, and respiratory ailments. This study aimed at summarizing the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and biological activities of M. micrantha based on obtainable information screened from different databases. An up‐to‐date search was performed on M. micrantha in PubMed, Science Direct, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases with specific keywords. No language restrictions were imposed. Published articles, theses, seminar/conference papers, abstracts, and books on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological evidence were considered. Based on the inclusion criteria, this study includes 53 published records from the above‐mentioned databases. The results suggest that fresh leaves and whole plant are frequently used in folk medicine. The plant...
A number of marketed pharmaceutical preparations of paracetamol and ranitidine were analyzed. Pot... more A number of marketed pharmaceutical preparations of paracetamol and ranitidine were analyzed. Potency of the selected products was assayed spectrophotometrically and their various physical parameters (color variation, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution rate) were analyzed according to the official (BP/USP) pharmacopoeial methods. It is evident from the study that most of the brands tested showed Satisfactory results but a few of them failed to meet the specification.
Aging-induced memory impairment is closely associated with oxidative stress. D-Galactose (D-gal) ... more Aging-induced memory impairment is closely associated with oxidative stress. D-Galactose (D-gal) evokes severe oxidative stress and mimics normal aging in animals. Curcumin, a natural flavonoid, has potent antioxidant and anti-aging properties. There are several proteins like glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), and amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A (MAOA) are commonly involved in oxidative stress and aging. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of curcumin to these proteins and their subsequent effect on aging-associated memory impairment in two robust animal models: D-Gal and normal aged (NA) mice. The aging mice model was developed by administering D-gal intraperitoneally (i.p). Mice (n = 64) were divided into the eight groups (8 mice in each group): Vehicle, Curcumin-Control, D-gal (100mg/kg; i.p), Curcumin + D-gal, Astaxanthin (Ast) + D-gal, Normal Aged...
Premna integrifolia Linn.(Family: Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant which is traditionally used a... more Premna integrifolia Linn.(Family: Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant which is traditionally used against a number of diseases including inflammatory condition. On the scientific basis of traditional uses, the ethanolic extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia Linn. was assessed for its possible analgesic and antimicrobial activity. The analgesic activity of the sample was studied using acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Antibacterial activity of leaves of Premna integrifolia Linn. was tested by using the disc diffusion method ...
Background Indiscriminate usage of injections and lack of safe practices during injection adminis... more Background Indiscriminate usage of injections and lack of safe practices during injection administration have been reported worldwide. Unnecessary and unsafe injection usage not only increases the financial burden but are also responsible for spreading blood borne diseases including HIV, HBV and HCV. To attain a better understanding of the situation of injection usage in Bangladesh, a study was conducted at six Upazilla Health Complexes (UHCs), which are primary healthcare units in Bangladesh. Method The study involved the retrospective collection of treatment sheets of 1048 in-patients at six UHCs from January 2009 to June 2009. The data was then analyzed using statistical tests. Results Among the patients investigated, 60.11% of the patients received injections and among them the male population received more injection than the female population (males vs. females = 62.50% vs. 55.85%). Patients below 12 years of age received the highest proportion of injections and highest usage of injections was observed in the month of March. The average number of injection(s) prescribed to a patient was 2.44 incurring a prescription cost of 280.22 Taka (USD 3.92 approx.). Injections were mostly prescribed in patients who were diagnosed with physical assault and acute watery diarrhea where intravenous fluids and antibiotics were most widely prescribed. Non-compliance to recapping of used injections was very common which accounted for 22.22% needle stick injuries. Conclusion The data suggest that indiscriminate and unsafe injection practices were occurring in all UHCs. Such practices resulted in financial losses as well as compromising safety for healthcare providers and patients.
Carbofuran is a widely used poisonous pesticide around the world that helps to control insects du... more Carbofuran is a widely used poisonous pesticide around the world that helps to control insects during farming. Upon oral ingestion to humans, it exaggerates oxidative stress in various organs like the liver, brain, kidney, and heart. Several studies reported that oxidative stress in the liver initiates and propagates hepatic cell necrosis, ultimately resulting in hepatotoxicity. It also reported that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can neutralize oxidative stress due to its antioxidant properties. However, the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective role of CoQ10 against carbofuran toxicity has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective role of CoQ10 in carbofuran-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in a mouse model for the first time. We determined the blood serum diagnostic markers, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant system, and histopathological characteristics of liver and kidney tissues. The administration of 100 mg/kg of CoQ10 in carbofuran-treated rats significantly attenuated AST, ALT, ALP, serum creatinine, and BUN levels. Moreover, CoQ10 (100 mg/kg) remarkably altered the level of NO, MDA, AOPP, GSH, SOD, and CAT in both the liver and kidney. The histopathological data also unveiled that CoQ10 treatment prevented inflammatory cell infiltration in carbofuran-exposed rats. Therefore, our findings infer that CoQ10 may effectively protect liver and kidney tissues against carbofuran-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, where most cancer deaths occur in low- and ... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, where most cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Lung cancer is the most prevalent in men and the third most prevalent in women among all cancer types. Globally, 1.8 million new lung cancer cases were recorded in 2012, which increased to 2 million in 2018. Cancer disease burden can be diminished, and life expectancy profoundly increases when diagnosis and prognosis are made at an earlier stage. Although biopsy is the gold standard in cancer diagnosis, it is invasive, inconvenient, and expensive. Liquid biopsy, which identifies cancer biomarkers in blood, is an active area of cancer research. Recent evidence suggests that interleukins (ILs), a class of cytokines involved in diverse cellular processes such as inflammation, growth, and proliferation, play critical roles in cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Interestingly, many studies found the association of plasma IL-6 and IL-17 levels wi...
Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, en... more Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, ensure good quality drugs, control drug prices, ensure rational use of drugs, develop an effective drug monitoring system, improve the standard of hospital and retail pharmacies and ensure good manufacturing practices. Though we have earned lots of things but still we are far from achieving these entire goals. Unsafe and irrational use of drugs not only increasing financial burden but also causing death and engender our quality of lives. Studies have shown that pharmacists can reduce medication errors and also play vital role in rational use of medication thus reducing financial load as well as can cut down national budget on drugs procurement. Pharmacists are also a good source of drug informations for healthcare professionals and counseling patients regarding medication and other social issues. To achieve the goals of National Health policy 2010, more involvement of pharmacists in the healthcare system especially in the hospital and community pharmacies is inevitable.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Jan 18, 2018
Phytol (PYT) is a diterpene member of the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols. PYT and some o... more Phytol (PYT) is a diterpene member of the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols. PYT and some of its derivatives, including phytanic acid (PA), exert a wide range of biological effects. PYT is a valuable essential oil (EO) used as a fragrance and a potential candidate for a broad range of applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. There is ample evidence that PA may play a crucial role in the development of pathophysiological states. Focusing on PYT and some of its most relevant derivatives, here we present a systematic review of reported biological activities, along with their underlying mechanism of action. Recent investigations with PYT demonstrated anxiolytic, metabolism-modulating, cytotoxic, antioxidant, autophagy- and apoptosis-inducing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and antimicrobial effects. PPARs- and NF-κB-mediated activities are also discussed as mechanisms responsible for some of the bioactivities of PYT. The overall goa...
students of Bangladesh use internet for at least 4-6 hrs/day, among them~27% use Facebook for >3 ... more students of Bangladesh use internet for at least 4-6 hrs/day, among them~27% use Facebook for >3 hrs. Around half of the students felt using Facebook wasted time and reported sleeping disturbances. Excessive use of internet caused problems such as weakening vision, occasional and frequent headaches, and back and neck pain.
Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, en... more Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, ensure good quality drugs, control drug prices, ensure rational use of drugs, develop an effective drug monitoring system, improve the standard of hospital and retail pharmacies and ensure good manufacturing practices. Though we have earned lots of things but still we are far from achieving these entire goals. Unsafe and irrational use of drugs not only increasing financial burden but also causing death and engender our quality of lives. Studies have shown that pharmacists can reduce medication errors and also play vital role in rational use of medication thus reducing financial load as well as can cut down national budget on drugs procurement. Pharmacists are also a good source of drug informations for healthcare professionals and counseling patients regarding medication and other social issues. To achieve the goals of National Health policy 2010, more involvement of pharmacists in the he...
Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, en... more Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, ensure good quality drugs, control drug prices, ensure rational use of drugs, develop an effective drug monitoring system, improve the standard of hospital and retail pharmacies and ensure good manufacturing practices. Though we have earned lots of things but still we are far from achieving these entire goals. Unsafe and irrational use of drugs not only increasing financial burden but also causing death and engender our quality of lives. Studies have shown that pharmacists can reduce medication errors and also play vital role in rational use of medication thus reducing financial load as well as can cut down national budget on drugs procurement. Pharmacists are also a good source of drug informations for healthcare professionals and counseling patients regarding medication and other social issues. To achieve the goals of National Health policy 2010, more involvement of pharmacists in the he...
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual climbing plant, native to Asia with... more Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual climbing plant, native to Asia with multiple therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. This updated review is aimed at discussing the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological properties, and molecular mechanisms highlighted in preclinical experimental studies and toxicological safety to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this genus. The literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Science Direct, and database was analyzed using the basic keyword “Benincasa hispida.” Other searching strategies, including online resources, books, and journals, were used. The taxonomy of the plant has been made by consulting “The Plant List”. The results showed that B. hispida has been used in traditional medicine to treat neurological diseases, kidney disease, fever, and cough accompanied by thick mucus and to fight intestinal worms. The main bioactive compounds contained in Benincasa hispida have cytotoxic, an...
Abstract Black Seed Oil (BSO), obtained from the seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa), has antio... more Abstract Black Seed Oil (BSO), obtained from the seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. The present study was aimed to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of BSO, to improve hypotriglyceridemic and hepatoprotective function. SEDDS-BSO formed fine micelles with a mean droplet size of 183 nm and improved the dispersion behavior of BSO in water as evidenced by at least 2.6-fold higher dispersibility compared with BSO. In the CCl4-treated rat model of acute hepatic injury, SEDDS-BSO (10 mg-BSO/kg, p.o.) led to 91.7% and 86.8% reductions of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively, suggesting that SEDDS-BSO could attenuate hepatotoxicity compared to BSO. In addition, repeated oral administration of SEDDS-BSO (10 mg-BSO/kg, p.o.) for 7 days had a potent hypotriglyceridemic effect on rats with corn-oil-induced hypertriglyceridemia compared to BSO. Therefore, the SEDDS approach might be an efficacious dosage option to enhance the nutraceutical properties of BSO.
Traditional medicines including Ayurveda, Unani have been used as therapeutics in the Indian subc... more Traditional medicines including Ayurveda, Unani have been used as therapeutics in the Indian subcontinent since 5000 BC. Because of the abundance of secondary metabolites, medicinal plants are becoming priceless natural resources for better drug development. Till date almost no ethnopharmacological evidences were available on Colocasia genus except Colocasia esculenta. As a part of our continuing assessment of evidence based use of traditional medicine, we have identified bioactive polyphenols in the ethanolic leaves extract of Colocasia affinis Schott using HPLC-DAD method and evaluated its anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potentials for the first time. Chromatographic investigation showed the presence of p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, myricetin and kaempferol in the leaves extract. Pharmacological profile exploration demonstrated its anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 250- and 500-mg/kg in xylene-induced ear edema in mice. The extract s...
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, May 28, 2020
Background: Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to... more Background: Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Asiatic Acid (AA), a triterpene and a known component of this herb, has been shown to display important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant, hepatoprotective, pancreas protective, and cardio- protective. Objective: This review focuses on AA’s anti-cancer effects on the basis of published literature found in a number of databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Emphasis has been given to the mechanisms of action of its anti-cancer effect. Methods: A literature survey was conducted using known databases such as PubMed and Science Direct using the keywords ‘Asiatic acid’, pairing with ‘cancer’, ‘tumor’, ‘anti-cancer effect’, ‘cytotoxic effect’, ‘anti-tumor activity’, ‘cell line’, ‘animal cancer’, and ‘human cancer’. Results: Findings suggest that AA exerts anti-cancer effects in several test systems through various pathways, including oxidative/antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, necrosis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferation and cell migration, and chemoprevention. Conclusions: AA may be an effective plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a promising lead for the development of potent anticancer drugs.
Mikania micrantha is utilized as a therapeutic for the treatment of various human ailments includ... more Mikania micrantha is utilized as a therapeutic for the treatment of various human ailments including insect bites, rashes and itches of skin, chicken pox, healing of sores and wounds, colds and fever, nausea, jaundice, rheumatism, and respiratory ailments. This study aimed at summarizing the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and biological activities of M. micrantha based on obtainable information screened from different databases. An up‐to‐date search was performed on M. micrantha in PubMed, Science Direct, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases with specific keywords. No language restrictions were imposed. Published articles, theses, seminar/conference papers, abstracts, and books on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological evidence were considered. Based on the inclusion criteria, this study includes 53 published records from the above‐mentioned databases. The results suggest that fresh leaves and whole plant are frequently used in folk medicine. The plant...
A number of marketed pharmaceutical preparations of paracetamol and ranitidine were analyzed. Pot... more A number of marketed pharmaceutical preparations of paracetamol and ranitidine were analyzed. Potency of the selected products was assayed spectrophotometrically and their various physical parameters (color variation, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution rate) were analyzed according to the official (BP/USP) pharmacopoeial methods. It is evident from the study that most of the brands tested showed Satisfactory results but a few of them failed to meet the specification.
Aging-induced memory impairment is closely associated with oxidative stress. D-Galactose (D-gal) ... more Aging-induced memory impairment is closely associated with oxidative stress. D-Galactose (D-gal) evokes severe oxidative stress and mimics normal aging in animals. Curcumin, a natural flavonoid, has potent antioxidant and anti-aging properties. There are several proteins like glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), and amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A (MAOA) are commonly involved in oxidative stress and aging. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of curcumin to these proteins and their subsequent effect on aging-associated memory impairment in two robust animal models: D-Gal and normal aged (NA) mice. The aging mice model was developed by administering D-gal intraperitoneally (i.p). Mice (n = 64) were divided into the eight groups (8 mice in each group): Vehicle, Curcumin-Control, D-gal (100mg/kg; i.p), Curcumin + D-gal, Astaxanthin (Ast) + D-gal, Normal Aged...
Premna integrifolia Linn.(Family: Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant which is traditionally used a... more Premna integrifolia Linn.(Family: Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant which is traditionally used against a number of diseases including inflammatory condition. On the scientific basis of traditional uses, the ethanolic extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia Linn. was assessed for its possible analgesic and antimicrobial activity. The analgesic activity of the sample was studied using acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Antibacterial activity of leaves of Premna integrifolia Linn. was tested by using the disc diffusion method ...
Background Indiscriminate usage of injections and lack of safe practices during injection adminis... more Background Indiscriminate usage of injections and lack of safe practices during injection administration have been reported worldwide. Unnecessary and unsafe injection usage not only increases the financial burden but are also responsible for spreading blood borne diseases including HIV, HBV and HCV. To attain a better understanding of the situation of injection usage in Bangladesh, a study was conducted at six Upazilla Health Complexes (UHCs), which are primary healthcare units in Bangladesh. Method The study involved the retrospective collection of treatment sheets of 1048 in-patients at six UHCs from January 2009 to June 2009. The data was then analyzed using statistical tests. Results Among the patients investigated, 60.11% of the patients received injections and among them the male population received more injection than the female population (males vs. females = 62.50% vs. 55.85%). Patients below 12 years of age received the highest proportion of injections and highest usage of injections was observed in the month of March. The average number of injection(s) prescribed to a patient was 2.44 incurring a prescription cost of 280.22 Taka (USD 3.92 approx.). Injections were mostly prescribed in patients who were diagnosed with physical assault and acute watery diarrhea where intravenous fluids and antibiotics were most widely prescribed. Non-compliance to recapping of used injections was very common which accounted for 22.22% needle stick injuries. Conclusion The data suggest that indiscriminate and unsafe injection practices were occurring in all UHCs. Such practices resulted in financial losses as well as compromising safety for healthcare providers and patients.
Carbofuran is a widely used poisonous pesticide around the world that helps to control insects du... more Carbofuran is a widely used poisonous pesticide around the world that helps to control insects during farming. Upon oral ingestion to humans, it exaggerates oxidative stress in various organs like the liver, brain, kidney, and heart. Several studies reported that oxidative stress in the liver initiates and propagates hepatic cell necrosis, ultimately resulting in hepatotoxicity. It also reported that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can neutralize oxidative stress due to its antioxidant properties. However, the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective role of CoQ10 against carbofuran toxicity has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective role of CoQ10 in carbofuran-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in a mouse model for the first time. We determined the blood serum diagnostic markers, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant system, and histopathological characteristics of liver and kidney tissues. The administration of 100 mg/kg of CoQ10 in carbofuran-treated rats significantly attenuated AST, ALT, ALP, serum creatinine, and BUN levels. Moreover, CoQ10 (100 mg/kg) remarkably altered the level of NO, MDA, AOPP, GSH, SOD, and CAT in both the liver and kidney. The histopathological data also unveiled that CoQ10 treatment prevented inflammatory cell infiltration in carbofuran-exposed rats. Therefore, our findings infer that CoQ10 may effectively protect liver and kidney tissues against carbofuran-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, where most cancer deaths occur in low- and ... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, where most cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Lung cancer is the most prevalent in men and the third most prevalent in women among all cancer types. Globally, 1.8 million new lung cancer cases were recorded in 2012, which increased to 2 million in 2018. Cancer disease burden can be diminished, and life expectancy profoundly increases when diagnosis and prognosis are made at an earlier stage. Although biopsy is the gold standard in cancer diagnosis, it is invasive, inconvenient, and expensive. Liquid biopsy, which identifies cancer biomarkers in blood, is an active area of cancer research. Recent evidence suggests that interleukins (ILs), a class of cytokines involved in diverse cellular processes such as inflammation, growth, and proliferation, play critical roles in cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Interestingly, many studies found the association of plasma IL-6 and IL-17 levels wi...
Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, en... more Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, ensure good quality drugs, control drug prices, ensure rational use of drugs, develop an effective drug monitoring system, improve the standard of hospital and retail pharmacies and ensure good manufacturing practices. Though we have earned lots of things but still we are far from achieving these entire goals. Unsafe and irrational use of drugs not only increasing financial burden but also causing death and engender our quality of lives. Studies have shown that pharmacists can reduce medication errors and also play vital role in rational use of medication thus reducing financial load as well as can cut down national budget on drugs procurement. Pharmacists are also a good source of drug informations for healthcare professionals and counseling patients regarding medication and other social issues. To achieve the goals of National Health policy 2010, more involvement of pharmacists in the healthcare system especially in the hospital and community pharmacies is inevitable.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Jan 18, 2018
Phytol (PYT) is a diterpene member of the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols. PYT and some o... more Phytol (PYT) is a diterpene member of the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols. PYT and some of its derivatives, including phytanic acid (PA), exert a wide range of biological effects. PYT is a valuable essential oil (EO) used as a fragrance and a potential candidate for a broad range of applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. There is ample evidence that PA may play a crucial role in the development of pathophysiological states. Focusing on PYT and some of its most relevant derivatives, here we present a systematic review of reported biological activities, along with their underlying mechanism of action. Recent investigations with PYT demonstrated anxiolytic, metabolism-modulating, cytotoxic, antioxidant, autophagy- and apoptosis-inducing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and antimicrobial effects. PPARs- and NF-κB-mediated activities are also discussed as mechanisms responsible for some of the bioactivities of PYT. The overall goa...
students of Bangladesh use internet for at least 4-6 hrs/day, among them~27% use Facebook for >3 ... more students of Bangladesh use internet for at least 4-6 hrs/day, among them~27% use Facebook for >3 hrs. Around half of the students felt using Facebook wasted time and reported sleeping disturbances. Excessive use of internet caused problems such as weakening vision, occasional and frequent headaches, and back and neck pain.
Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, en... more Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, ensure good quality drugs, control drug prices, ensure rational use of drugs, develop an effective drug monitoring system, improve the standard of hospital and retail pharmacies and ensure good manufacturing practices. Though we have earned lots of things but still we are far from achieving these entire goals. Unsafe and irrational use of drugs not only increasing financial burden but also causing death and engender our quality of lives. Studies have shown that pharmacists can reduce medication errors and also play vital role in rational use of medication thus reducing financial load as well as can cut down national budget on drugs procurement. Pharmacists are also a good source of drug informations for healthcare professionals and counseling patients regarding medication and other social issues. To achieve the goals of National Health policy 2010, more involvement of pharmacists in the he...
Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, en... more Principal objectives of the National Drug Policy, 1982 were to make available essential drugs, ensure good quality drugs, control drug prices, ensure rational use of drugs, develop an effective drug monitoring system, improve the standard of hospital and retail pharmacies and ensure good manufacturing practices. Though we have earned lots of things but still we are far from achieving these entire goals. Unsafe and irrational use of drugs not only increasing financial burden but also causing death and engender our quality of lives. Studies have shown that pharmacists can reduce medication errors and also play vital role in rational use of medication thus reducing financial load as well as can cut down national budget on drugs procurement. Pharmacists are also a good source of drug informations for healthcare professionals and counseling patients regarding medication and other social issues. To achieve the goals of National Health policy 2010, more involvement of pharmacists in the he...
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual climbing plant, native to Asia with... more Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual climbing plant, native to Asia with multiple therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. This updated review is aimed at discussing the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological properties, and molecular mechanisms highlighted in preclinical experimental studies and toxicological safety to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this genus. The literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Science Direct, and database was analyzed using the basic keyword “Benincasa hispida.” Other searching strategies, including online resources, books, and journals, were used. The taxonomy of the plant has been made by consulting “The Plant List”. The results showed that B. hispida has been used in traditional medicine to treat neurological diseases, kidney disease, fever, and cough accompanied by thick mucus and to fight intestinal worms. The main bioactive compounds contained in Benincasa hispida have cytotoxic, an...
Abstract Black Seed Oil (BSO), obtained from the seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa), has antio... more Abstract Black Seed Oil (BSO), obtained from the seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. The present study was aimed to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of BSO, to improve hypotriglyceridemic and hepatoprotective function. SEDDS-BSO formed fine micelles with a mean droplet size of 183 nm and improved the dispersion behavior of BSO in water as evidenced by at least 2.6-fold higher dispersibility compared with BSO. In the CCl4-treated rat model of acute hepatic injury, SEDDS-BSO (10 mg-BSO/kg, p.o.) led to 91.7% and 86.8% reductions of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively, suggesting that SEDDS-BSO could attenuate hepatotoxicity compared to BSO. In addition, repeated oral administration of SEDDS-BSO (10 mg-BSO/kg, p.o.) for 7 days had a potent hypotriglyceridemic effect on rats with corn-oil-induced hypertriglyceridemia compared to BSO. Therefore, the SEDDS approach might be an efficacious dosage option to enhance the nutraceutical properties of BSO.
Traditional medicines including Ayurveda, Unani have been used as therapeutics in the Indian subc... more Traditional medicines including Ayurveda, Unani have been used as therapeutics in the Indian subcontinent since 5000 BC. Because of the abundance of secondary metabolites, medicinal plants are becoming priceless natural resources for better drug development. Till date almost no ethnopharmacological evidences were available on Colocasia genus except Colocasia esculenta. As a part of our continuing assessment of evidence based use of traditional medicine, we have identified bioactive polyphenols in the ethanolic leaves extract of Colocasia affinis Schott using HPLC-DAD method and evaluated its anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potentials for the first time. Chromatographic investigation showed the presence of p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, myricetin and kaempferol in the leaves extract. Pharmacological profile exploration demonstrated its anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 250- and 500-mg/kg in xylene-induced ear edema in mice. The extract s...
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