Teachers having effective follower ship styles are considered crucial for school success.However,... more Teachers having effective follower ship styles are considered crucial for school success.However, school leaders are frequently observed complaining about the reluctant behavior of many teachers in fulfillment of their professional responsibilities, which indicates the lack of teachers having an effective follower ship style. Therefore, the study investigated the proportion of teachers in terms of their follower-ship styles, i.e. exemplary, conformist, pragmatic, passive, and alienated. A survey was conducted to obtain data from 1209 teachers selected through the two-stage random sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-developed scale to assess the teachers' follower-ship. Results revealed that pragmatic followers are highest in number and alienated are the lowest. However, teachers having exemplary follower-ship styles are at the fourth number with less than the desired proportion.Hence, authorities of teachers' recruitment and professional development may suffi...
Throughout the world, livestock predation by mammalian carnivores causes significant economic los... more Throughout the world, livestock predation by mammalian carnivores causes significant economic losses to poor farmers, and leads to human–wildlife conflicts. These conflicts result in a negative attitude towards carnivore conservation and often trigger retaliatory killing. In northern Pakistan, we investigated livestock depredation by large carnivores between 2014 and 2019, and subsequent Human–wildlife conflict, through questionnaire-based surveys (n = 100 households). We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on livestock population, depredation patterns, predation count, and conservation approaches. We found a statistically significant increasing pattern of predation with influential factors such as age, gender, occupation, education of respondents, population of predators, threats index for predators and conservation efforts. Some 310 livestock heads with an average of 51 animals per year out of the total 9273 heads were killed by predators, and among them 168 (54%)...
誗Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that can result in permanent vision loss ... more 誗Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that can result in permanent vision loss by damaging optic nerves due to higher pressure in the eye. Although most of the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms involved in glaucoma are undetermined but alteration in ocular blood flow (OBF) in tissues such as optic nerve, retina, choroid and iris is an important risk factor for glaucoma. Various factors such as limited knowledge of the factors causing optic nerve damage, confusion in the measurement assays and lack of therapies, make hindrances in the understanding of glaucoma. Researchers are continuously accumulating evidence to suggest that alterations in OBF play important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma but most of the times they have diverse and contradictory conclusions regarding changes in the OBF and risk of glaucoma. In this article we have reviewed different aspects of glaucoma and the effect of OBF in the disease progression 誗
The study was performed to investigate the effect of milk replacer on growth of young kids during... more The study was performed to investigate the effect of milk replacer on growth of young kids during 2012 in Balochistan (District Quetta and Jaffarabad). Six goat kids were managed under two feeding systems. Out of six, three kids were fed on milk replacer (Group A), while remaining three kids were managed under whole milk (Group B). The comparative effect of milk replacer and whole milk was investigated on weekly body weight and final body weight after completion of 4 weeks. The results showed that the final body weight of after 4 weeks of kid No. 1 fed on milk replacer was 6 kg while the final weight of kid No. 1 managed on whole milk was 6.5 kg. Similarly, the final body weight after 4 weeks of kid No. 2 fed on milk replacer was 5.5 kg while the final weight of kid No. 2 managed on whole milk was 6.4 kg. Likewise, the final body weight after 4 weeks of kid No. 3 fed on milk replacer was 5.8 kg while the final weight of kid No. 3 managed on whole milk was 6.6 kg per kid. However, th...
EUV Light source is the major part of EUV lithography. The target need for this source should pro... more EUV Light source is the major part of EUV lithography. The target need for this source should provide high conversion efficiency, debris free and maximum absorption of laser light. We introduced first time low density SnO2/CNTs nanocomposites target and compared EUV radiation signal from Nd:YAG Laser produce Sn and SnO2/CNTs nanocomposites plasma. 140nm thick Zirconium (Zr) filter was used to stop UV-IR light emitted from the plasma and passed only EUV light and AXUV-100 silicon photodiode was used to detect the EUV signal. The target were synthesized by hydrothermal method and mounted by hydraulic pellet press. The nanocomposites targets were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field emission electron microscopy. For low laser pulse energy, pure Sn and SnO2/CNTs nanocomposites targets shown approximately same EUV signal.
Purpose: Primary aim of the research study was to develop awareness among the participants about ... more Purpose: Primary aim of the research study was to develop awareness among the participants about the benefits of exercise and its financial benefits. Methodology: Adults had to perform exercises on Unstable Surfaces (US), Stable Surface (SS) and Machine Based (MB). The protocol of exercises was divided into three categories with 30 participants in each group i.e., Machine Based Surface Resistance Training (M-SRT), Machine Based Unstable Surface Resistance Training (M-URT), and Free Weight Unstable Surfaces Resistance Training (F-URT). Equipment used for tests was imported. Cost of financial expenditure and effects of resistance training exercise protocol on the male adults’ lower limbs muscular power, body fats, and strength were compared. Leg extension strength, leg press, muscle fuel, and body fats were checked on the baseline and after a seven-week resistance training program in the adults and budget, effects took away from the parents. Main Findings: The subjects’ results in max...
One of the expectations of society from schooling is to develop students’ prosocial behaviors hav... more One of the expectations of society from schooling is to develop students’ prosocial behaviors having roots in their knowledge, beliefs and social attitudes. But the assessment procedures related to students’ social thinking and attitudes are generally missing in the instructional system. The study, therefore, to fill the gap diagnosed as whether schooling offered something that developed students’ social attitudes, a prerequisite of prosocial behaviors. Hence, the preset empirical investigation explored the impact of schooling on the development of students’ social attitudes. A sample from 16 schools of 480 students was taken, for which a ‘social attitude scale’, having four subscales, i.e., a) concern for others’ welfare, b) respect for laws, c) respect for others’ property and d) sensitivity to social issues, was developed to collect data. Results of data analysis revealed that the overall impact of different levels of schooling for upward positive increase in students’ social...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Background: In Pakistan, most patients with Hepatitis B and C have history of facial and armpit s... more Background: In Pakistan, most patients with Hepatitis B and C have history of facial and armpit shaving from barbers. Objective: Evaluate the awareness and risk factors associated with barbers in transmission of Hepatitis B and C. Subjects and methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, the twin capital cities of Pakistan between January and July 2009. Five hundred and eight barbershops were surveyed. Results: Out of 508 barber shops, 99.8% and 98.2% were washing their razor with water and water plus antiseptic solution, respectively, while 99.8% were using new blades. Only 39.6% knew that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were viral diseases, 26.6% knew that it can lead to cancer, 90.7% thought that hepatitis could be transferred by blade sharing, 47.8% knew that a vaccine for HBV was available, and 43.0% had education beyond the primary level. None of the barbers used a new or washed apron/towel on every customer. Conclusion: In P...
Developing highly active catalysts is central to sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.... more Developing highly active catalysts is central to sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. In this work, efficient sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is achieved using a novel sonocatalyst-SnO 2 /multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite. By taking methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant, almost complete degradation is obtained over the SnO 2 /MWCNT nanocomposite with high rate constant, while the bared SnO 2 and the mechanical mixture of SnO 2 and MWCNT show inferior sonocatalytic performance. The results indicate that the SnO 2 /MWCNT nanocomposite can efficiently utilize the light emitted during bubble collapse, promote separation of electron-hole pairs as well as transfer of electrons from SnO 2 to MWCNT, due to the synergistic effect of SnO 2 and MWCNT, thus leading to much higher sonocatalytic activity. The current work paves a way for preparing highly efficient sonocatalysts with carbon nanotube as an excellent electron sink.
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by hyperglycemia. We report first time the antidia... more Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by hyperglycemia. We report first time the antidiabetic activity of functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNT). The multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized by using 95% concentrated nitric acid by refluxing. The functional groups on the surface of MWCNT were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FCNT showed 41.2% aldose reductase inhibition in vitro activity; further its docking study revealed that the carboxylic group played a significant role in inhibition. These studies pave the way for new opening of research for MWCNT in anti-diabetic activity.
This dissertation is multi-dimensional including floristic composition, ecological characterizati... more This dissertation is multi-dimensional including floristic composition, ecological characterization, ethnobotany, vegetation structure, biomass productivity, palatability and animal preferences, mineral and nutritional analysis of some forage
Due to high demand of debris free and high conversion efficiency target for EUV lithography sourc... more Due to high demand of debris free and high conversion efficiency target for EUV lithography source, We introduce in this article Low-density nanomaterials tin dioxide and tin mono oxide targets for this source. The targets were prepared by refluxing and hydrothermal methods using SnCl2. 2H2O as a precursor. SnO2 spheres like and SnO sheets like images were observed from scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structures of SnO2 and SnO were confirmed by X-Ray diffractions. EUV signal from SnO target at low Nd:YAG energy pulses were more stronger than SnO2.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, May 23, 2013
Emex spinosus L. (Family Polygonaceae), a decumbent, branched annual herb, was assayed for its al... more Emex spinosus L. (Family Polygonaceae), a decumbent, branched annual herb, was assayed for its allelopathic potential because of it weedy habit. Aqueous extracts were obtained from powdered shoots and leaves at room temperature and by boiling. Various extracts significantly inhibited the germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum and Brassica compestris used as test species. The extracts reduced the development of cells and retarded cell division in root tip. Results revealed that the E. spinosus L. has a strong allelopathic potential at least against tested species. The phytotoxicity depended upon the test species and concentration of extract.
Semiconducting carbon nanotubes are a promising material for nanophotonic applications. The energ... more Semiconducting carbon nanotubes are a promising material for nanophotonic applications. The energy bandgap of carbon nanotubes can be tuned by functionalizing it with metal oxides. In this article, the focus is on the substantial reduction of energy bandgap of nanocomposite materials using SnO 2 /MWCNTs by wet chemistry method. In this method, the MWCNTs are treated with different oxidizing agents and their mixtures in order to generate nucleation sites for the target material particles. The SnO 2 nanoparticles were deposited on these nucleation sites by hydrothermal reaction. The energy bandgaps decreased from 3.68 eV to 2.93 eV for the SnO 2 /MWCNT nanocomposites.
Here we report the synthesis of highly pure single crystalline tin selenide (SnSe) nanospheres by... more Here we report the synthesis of highly pure single crystalline tin selenide (SnSe) nanospheres by pretreatment of precursors with aqueous ammonia. In this work we have demonstrated that aqueous ammonia not only controls the preferred growth orientation but also controls the morphology of SnSe. Chemical vapor deposition technique was used for the growth of SnSe nanostructures. The optical properties were studied using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum.
Teachers having effective follower ship styles are considered crucial for school success.However,... more Teachers having effective follower ship styles are considered crucial for school success.However, school leaders are frequently observed complaining about the reluctant behavior of many teachers in fulfillment of their professional responsibilities, which indicates the lack of teachers having an effective follower ship style. Therefore, the study investigated the proportion of teachers in terms of their follower-ship styles, i.e. exemplary, conformist, pragmatic, passive, and alienated. A survey was conducted to obtain data from 1209 teachers selected through the two-stage random sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-developed scale to assess the teachers' follower-ship. Results revealed that pragmatic followers are highest in number and alienated are the lowest. However, teachers having exemplary follower-ship styles are at the fourth number with less than the desired proportion.Hence, authorities of teachers' recruitment and professional development may suffi...
Throughout the world, livestock predation by mammalian carnivores causes significant economic los... more Throughout the world, livestock predation by mammalian carnivores causes significant economic losses to poor farmers, and leads to human–wildlife conflicts. These conflicts result in a negative attitude towards carnivore conservation and often trigger retaliatory killing. In northern Pakistan, we investigated livestock depredation by large carnivores between 2014 and 2019, and subsequent Human–wildlife conflict, through questionnaire-based surveys (n = 100 households). We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on livestock population, depredation patterns, predation count, and conservation approaches. We found a statistically significant increasing pattern of predation with influential factors such as age, gender, occupation, education of respondents, population of predators, threats index for predators and conservation efforts. Some 310 livestock heads with an average of 51 animals per year out of the total 9273 heads were killed by predators, and among them 168 (54%)...
誗Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that can result in permanent vision loss ... more 誗Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that can result in permanent vision loss by damaging optic nerves due to higher pressure in the eye. Although most of the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms involved in glaucoma are undetermined but alteration in ocular blood flow (OBF) in tissues such as optic nerve, retina, choroid and iris is an important risk factor for glaucoma. Various factors such as limited knowledge of the factors causing optic nerve damage, confusion in the measurement assays and lack of therapies, make hindrances in the understanding of glaucoma. Researchers are continuously accumulating evidence to suggest that alterations in OBF play important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma but most of the times they have diverse and contradictory conclusions regarding changes in the OBF and risk of glaucoma. In this article we have reviewed different aspects of glaucoma and the effect of OBF in the disease progression 誗
The study was performed to investigate the effect of milk replacer on growth of young kids during... more The study was performed to investigate the effect of milk replacer on growth of young kids during 2012 in Balochistan (District Quetta and Jaffarabad). Six goat kids were managed under two feeding systems. Out of six, three kids were fed on milk replacer (Group A), while remaining three kids were managed under whole milk (Group B). The comparative effect of milk replacer and whole milk was investigated on weekly body weight and final body weight after completion of 4 weeks. The results showed that the final body weight of after 4 weeks of kid No. 1 fed on milk replacer was 6 kg while the final weight of kid No. 1 managed on whole milk was 6.5 kg. Similarly, the final body weight after 4 weeks of kid No. 2 fed on milk replacer was 5.5 kg while the final weight of kid No. 2 managed on whole milk was 6.4 kg. Likewise, the final body weight after 4 weeks of kid No. 3 fed on milk replacer was 5.8 kg while the final weight of kid No. 3 managed on whole milk was 6.6 kg per kid. However, th...
EUV Light source is the major part of EUV lithography. The target need for this source should pro... more EUV Light source is the major part of EUV lithography. The target need for this source should provide high conversion efficiency, debris free and maximum absorption of laser light. We introduced first time low density SnO2/CNTs nanocomposites target and compared EUV radiation signal from Nd:YAG Laser produce Sn and SnO2/CNTs nanocomposites plasma. 140nm thick Zirconium (Zr) filter was used to stop UV-IR light emitted from the plasma and passed only EUV light and AXUV-100 silicon photodiode was used to detect the EUV signal. The target were synthesized by hydrothermal method and mounted by hydraulic pellet press. The nanocomposites targets were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field emission electron microscopy. For low laser pulse energy, pure Sn and SnO2/CNTs nanocomposites targets shown approximately same EUV signal.
Purpose: Primary aim of the research study was to develop awareness among the participants about ... more Purpose: Primary aim of the research study was to develop awareness among the participants about the benefits of exercise and its financial benefits. Methodology: Adults had to perform exercises on Unstable Surfaces (US), Stable Surface (SS) and Machine Based (MB). The protocol of exercises was divided into three categories with 30 participants in each group i.e., Machine Based Surface Resistance Training (M-SRT), Machine Based Unstable Surface Resistance Training (M-URT), and Free Weight Unstable Surfaces Resistance Training (F-URT). Equipment used for tests was imported. Cost of financial expenditure and effects of resistance training exercise protocol on the male adults’ lower limbs muscular power, body fats, and strength were compared. Leg extension strength, leg press, muscle fuel, and body fats were checked on the baseline and after a seven-week resistance training program in the adults and budget, effects took away from the parents. Main Findings: The subjects’ results in max...
One of the expectations of society from schooling is to develop students’ prosocial behaviors hav... more One of the expectations of society from schooling is to develop students’ prosocial behaviors having roots in their knowledge, beliefs and social attitudes. But the assessment procedures related to students’ social thinking and attitudes are generally missing in the instructional system. The study, therefore, to fill the gap diagnosed as whether schooling offered something that developed students’ social attitudes, a prerequisite of prosocial behaviors. Hence, the preset empirical investigation explored the impact of schooling on the development of students’ social attitudes. A sample from 16 schools of 480 students was taken, for which a ‘social attitude scale’, having four subscales, i.e., a) concern for others’ welfare, b) respect for laws, c) respect for others’ property and d) sensitivity to social issues, was developed to collect data. Results of data analysis revealed that the overall impact of different levels of schooling for upward positive increase in students’ social...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Background: In Pakistan, most patients with Hepatitis B and C have history of facial and armpit s... more Background: In Pakistan, most patients with Hepatitis B and C have history of facial and armpit shaving from barbers. Objective: Evaluate the awareness and risk factors associated with barbers in transmission of Hepatitis B and C. Subjects and methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, the twin capital cities of Pakistan between January and July 2009. Five hundred and eight barbershops were surveyed. Results: Out of 508 barber shops, 99.8% and 98.2% were washing their razor with water and water plus antiseptic solution, respectively, while 99.8% were using new blades. Only 39.6% knew that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were viral diseases, 26.6% knew that it can lead to cancer, 90.7% thought that hepatitis could be transferred by blade sharing, 47.8% knew that a vaccine for HBV was available, and 43.0% had education beyond the primary level. None of the barbers used a new or washed apron/towel on every customer. Conclusion: In P...
Developing highly active catalysts is central to sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.... more Developing highly active catalysts is central to sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. In this work, efficient sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is achieved using a novel sonocatalyst-SnO 2 /multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite. By taking methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant, almost complete degradation is obtained over the SnO 2 /MWCNT nanocomposite with high rate constant, while the bared SnO 2 and the mechanical mixture of SnO 2 and MWCNT show inferior sonocatalytic performance. The results indicate that the SnO 2 /MWCNT nanocomposite can efficiently utilize the light emitted during bubble collapse, promote separation of electron-hole pairs as well as transfer of electrons from SnO 2 to MWCNT, due to the synergistic effect of SnO 2 and MWCNT, thus leading to much higher sonocatalytic activity. The current work paves a way for preparing highly efficient sonocatalysts with carbon nanotube as an excellent electron sink.
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by hyperglycemia. We report first time the antidia... more Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by hyperglycemia. We report first time the antidiabetic activity of functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNT). The multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized by using 95% concentrated nitric acid by refluxing. The functional groups on the surface of MWCNT were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FCNT showed 41.2% aldose reductase inhibition in vitro activity; further its docking study revealed that the carboxylic group played a significant role in inhibition. These studies pave the way for new opening of research for MWCNT in anti-diabetic activity.
This dissertation is multi-dimensional including floristic composition, ecological characterizati... more This dissertation is multi-dimensional including floristic composition, ecological characterization, ethnobotany, vegetation structure, biomass productivity, palatability and animal preferences, mineral and nutritional analysis of some forage
Due to high demand of debris free and high conversion efficiency target for EUV lithography sourc... more Due to high demand of debris free and high conversion efficiency target for EUV lithography source, We introduce in this article Low-density nanomaterials tin dioxide and tin mono oxide targets for this source. The targets were prepared by refluxing and hydrothermal methods using SnCl2. 2H2O as a precursor. SnO2 spheres like and SnO sheets like images were observed from scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structures of SnO2 and SnO were confirmed by X-Ray diffractions. EUV signal from SnO target at low Nd:YAG energy pulses were more stronger than SnO2.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, May 23, 2013
Emex spinosus L. (Family Polygonaceae), a decumbent, branched annual herb, was assayed for its al... more Emex spinosus L. (Family Polygonaceae), a decumbent, branched annual herb, was assayed for its allelopathic potential because of it weedy habit. Aqueous extracts were obtained from powdered shoots and leaves at room temperature and by boiling. Various extracts significantly inhibited the germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum and Brassica compestris used as test species. The extracts reduced the development of cells and retarded cell division in root tip. Results revealed that the E. spinosus L. has a strong allelopathic potential at least against tested species. The phytotoxicity depended upon the test species and concentration of extract.
Semiconducting carbon nanotubes are a promising material for nanophotonic applications. The energ... more Semiconducting carbon nanotubes are a promising material for nanophotonic applications. The energy bandgap of carbon nanotubes can be tuned by functionalizing it with metal oxides. In this article, the focus is on the substantial reduction of energy bandgap of nanocomposite materials using SnO 2 /MWCNTs by wet chemistry method. In this method, the MWCNTs are treated with different oxidizing agents and their mixtures in order to generate nucleation sites for the target material particles. The SnO 2 nanoparticles were deposited on these nucleation sites by hydrothermal reaction. The energy bandgaps decreased from 3.68 eV to 2.93 eV for the SnO 2 /MWCNT nanocomposites.
Here we report the synthesis of highly pure single crystalline tin selenide (SnSe) nanospheres by... more Here we report the synthesis of highly pure single crystalline tin selenide (SnSe) nanospheres by pretreatment of precursors with aqueous ammonia. In this work we have demonstrated that aqueous ammonia not only controls the preferred growth orientation but also controls the morphology of SnSe. Chemical vapor deposition technique was used for the growth of SnSe nanostructures. The optical properties were studied using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum.
Uploads
Papers by Sher Zaman