Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is pervasive into aging society,
affecting permanent implications on... more Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is pervasive into aging society, affecting permanent implications on patients’ life. Approximately 10% of the global population has CKD, and millions die each year. The prevalence of CKD was high in Latin America, Europe, East Asia and the Middle East, where approximately 12% of the population has CKD.1 Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a part of CKD when the patients have diabetes.2 Both CKD and DKD may progressively fall from a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2) to less than 15, at which point the patient becomes end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The status of DKD could be estimated by measuring the amount of urinary protein and the serum creatinine, which can be used to calculate the eGFR.
Purpose
Metabolic syndrome is a preceding risk of diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, so ... more Purpose Metabolic syndrome is a preceding risk of diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, so the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is important for further treatment. In 2005, the international diabetes foundation (IDF) reported a new diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome, making abdominal obesity an essential factor required in the diagnosis. Waist circumference (WC) is used as a surrogate marker of abdominal obesity, but it is defined based on the national cutoff point of each country. This study examined the validity of diagnostic criteria ofmetabolic syndrome, especially focusing on the different criteria of WC, for international standardization. Method We compared the efficacy of our previous weight-loss intervention by Japanese and IDF criteria by reanalyzing Saku control obesity program (SCOP). In IDF, the cutoff point of WC for men is 90 cm and 80 cm for women. On the contrary, the cutoff point of WC is 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women in Japan. Factors for diagnosis was evaluated, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome at baseline and 1 year later was compared by the different diagnostic criteria. Result and Discussion In Japanese criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 100% to 97.3%, and among women 96.6% to 88.6%. However, when we applied the IDF criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 97.4% to 88.5%, and among women 100% to 100%. These results suggested that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by IDF criteria is underdiagnosis in men and over-diagnosis in women compared to the Japanese criteria. Japanese cutoff point is calculated by the computed tomography (CT) scan data in which 100 cm2 abdominal fat area corresponds to nearly 100 cm WC. The standardization of diagnostic criteria is important to compare the efficacy of intervention and prevention of diseases between countries.
When I visited Bangkok in Thailand about five years ago, I saw
the label “medical rice” on a pack... more When I visited Bangkok in Thailand about five years ago, I saw the label “medical rice” on a package of ‘diabetes and health promotion’ rice, and I was hopeful that the concept could be widened beyond Thailand. On December 10-12, 2014, the “East Asia Functional Standardization of Rice Conference” was held at Kyoto Research Park to promote the idea among related countries.
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jun 1, 1985
Twenty-seven cases of surgically resected large cell carcinoma of the lung including nine cases o... more Twenty-seven cases of surgically resected large cell carcinoma of the lung including nine cases of giant cell carcinoma were examined ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Ultrastructurally, of 18 large cell carcinomas other than giant cell carcinoma eight showed characteristic differentiation toward adenocarcinoma, four toward adenosquamous carcinoma, and one each toward squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma, but the remaining four were undifferentiated. Six of the nine giant cell carcinomas also showed features of adenocarcinoma, two showed features of squamous cell carcinoma, and one was undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, secretory component (SC) was observed in seven of 14 cases with features of adenocarcinoma and two of four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma. Carcinomas with only squamous cell differentiation did not stain for SC. Keratin staining was positive in five of the 14 with features of adenocarcinoma, three of the four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma and two of the three cases with features of squamous cell carcinoma. The numbers of tumor cells positive for keratin and/or SC were small. One carcinoma with neurosecretory type granules was stained positively for calcitonin. These findings indicate that many large cell carcinomas showed differentiation toward glandular cells and/or squamous cells, and some did not show any differentiation ultrastructurally or immunohistochemically, indicating that the majority of large cell carcinomas are poorly differentiated form of either adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas.
Fifty consecutively resected lungs in the National Cancer Cen ter of Japan were studied immunohis... more Fifty consecutively resected lungs in the National Cancer Cen ter of Japan were studied immunohistochemically using mono clonal antibodies (B1, B2, Leu4, Leu3a, Leu2a, Leu?, OKT6, OKM1, OKU, OKT9) with special reference to infiltrating lympho cytes and histiocytes. The histological types of these cases were: 14 squamous cell carcinomas; 23 adenocarcinomas; four adenosquamous carcinomas; three large cell carcinomas; one small cell carcinoma with areas of large cell component; one carcinoid; and four nonneoplastic focal lesions.
Jnci Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Jul 1, 1981
Serum samples from 343 unrelated, healthy Japanese, 194 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-posit... more Serum samples from 343 unrelated, healthy Japanese, 194 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive healthy carriers, 96 patients with primary hepatoma, 91 patients with lung cancer, 94 patients with breast cancer, and 87 patients with gastric cancer were examined for IgG heavy-chain allotypes (Gm). The Gm phenotypes of the sera from patients with breast cancer exhibited a distribution similar to that of the normal controls. However, compared to that of normal controls, the Gm phenotype (1,2,21,13,15,16) was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma(chi 2 (1) = 15.12, corrected P less than 0.01) and in the patients with lung cancer (chi 2 (1) = 10.97, corrected P less than 0.05). Compared to that of normal controls, the haplotype Gm 1,2,21 was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma (chi 2 (1) = 22.34, corrected P less than 0.01). Increased frequency of Gm 1,2,21 in primary hepatoma was also significant compared to that of HBsAg-positive healthy carriers (chi 2 (1) = 9.25, corrected P less than 0.05).
Infiltration of T-zone bistiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and macrophages was i... more Infiltration of T-zone bistiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and macrophages was investigated by immunohistochemical methods with the use of anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies in 40 Stage Ia cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Varying population densities of S100' T-zone histiocytes were demonstrated in 31 (77.5%) of 40 adenocarcinomas; however, lysozyme' macrophages were found in almost equal quantities in all cases of adenocarcinoma. The distribution of T-zone histiocytes was clearly different from that of macrophages. Namely, the former was mainly interspersed among the tumor cells, whereas macrophages were found in the stroma and around necrotic foci. The prognosis of Stage la adenocarcinoma cases was related to the density of T-zone histiocytes in tumor tissues. Patients with marked infiltration of T-zone histiocytes survived longer than those without or with only slight infiltration (P c 0.05). Such relationship was not observed with regard to macrophages. This indicates that T-zone histiocytes infiltrating within the tumor and regional lymph nodes may play a role in host defense mechanisms against tumor in the early stage of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, Dec 1, 1983
Twenty-four cases of mycosis fungoides and two cases of Sézary's syndrome were studied wi... more Twenty-four cases of mycosis fungoides and two cases of Sézary's syndrome were studied with special reference to the infiltration and proliferation of Langerhans cells stained with anti-S100 protein antibody. The number of S100+ histiocytes (Langerhans cells and their precursors) ranged from 104 to 345 (average 188) per 1,000 lymphoid cells in the erythematous and plaque stages, while it decreased to 4-71 (average 34) per 1,000 lymphoid cells in the tumor stage. Conversely, the number of lymphoid cells averaged 6 and 10 per S100+ histiocyte in the erythema and plaque stages, respectively, while it increased to 21.0 per S100+ histiocyte in the tumor stage. The mitotic index of lymphoid cells correlated with the lymphocyte/S100+ histiocyte ratio. A small number of S100+ histiocytes in mycosis fungoides indicated poor prognosis.
Between 1965 and 1985, 72 (64 male and 8 female) cases of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) in ... more Between 1965 and 1985, 72 (64 male and 8 female) cases of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) in the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, were reviewed, and a retrospective hospital-based case-control study was performed with special reference to the patients' smoking and family histories. Control cases were selected from patients with unicentric lung cancer (ULC) with a longer survival time than that for other patients with whom they were matched for age, sex, histologic examination of primary lung cancer, and residence in prefecture. The overall percentage of MPLC was higher in males (3.1%) than in females (1.8%). Of the total number of cases, 46 were synchronous and 26, metachronous. The same histology was recognized in 38 cases (53%), and squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 65% of MPLC cases, all of whom were smokers. At least half of the MPLC found in nonsmokers were adenocarcinomas. Habitual smokers, with a Brinkman index (BI) of more than 50, accounted for 90% of...
In a case-control study in Japan of brain tumours in relation to mobile phone use, we used a nove... more In a case-control study in Japan of brain tumours in relation to mobile phone use, we used a novel approach for estimating the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the tumour, taking account of spatial relationships between tumour localisation and intracranial radiofrequency distribution. Personal interviews were carried out with 88 patients with glioma, 132 with meningioma, and 102 with pituitary adenoma (322 cases in total), and with 683 individually matched controls. All maximal SAR values were below 0.1 W kg(-1), far lower than the level at which thermal effects may occur, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for regular mobile phone users being 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-2.37) for glioma and 0.70 (0.42-1.16) for meningioma. When the maximal SAR value inside the tumour tissue was accounted for in the exposure indices, the overall OR was again not increased and there was no significant trend towards an increasing OR in relation to SAR-derived exposure indices. A non-sign...
Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 2004
Absorption of cadmium is increased by deficiency of iron in animals, but it is uncertain that the... more Absorption of cadmium is increased by deficiency of iron in animals, but it is uncertain that the same phenomenon occurs in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cadmium and iron in the body and to evaluate the influence of dietary habits. Twenty-five healthy women, aged 20-23 years, were selected by excluding those with renal disease and habitual constipation. They participated in the dietary intervention study to estimate tolerable weekly intake of Cd for 3 weeks in the same dormitory. At 3 months before, at 0 Day, at the 12th Day of the study and 9 months after the study, health check-ups were performed, and Cd in the blood and urine, hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (iron) and serum ferritin (ferritin) were measured. Cd concentration in the blood (B-Cd) showed a significant correlation with Cd concentration in the urine (U-Cd), and inverse correlation with the body iron storage, such as Hb, iron and ferritin. A food frequency questionnaire showe...
Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association, 2001
The study areas of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovas... more The study areas of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases (JPHC Study) are distributed throughout Japan and represent both rural and urban communities. These geographical differences yield considerable difference in population, culture, and lifestyle. The mortality rates in the study areas were apparently influenced by these factors. The pattern of standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes of death (cancer, heart diseases, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases) in each area was different. Age-standardized site-specific cancer mortality rates showed large variation even when compared with corresponding figures of prefectures in Japan. The areas of the JPHC study showed different patterns of SMR for major causes of death. The differences in site-specific cancer mortality rates for most of the sites are sufficient for epidemiological analyses.
Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association, 2000
Biological effects of dietary isoflavones, such as daidzein and genistein are of interest in prev... more Biological effects of dietary isoflavones, such as daidzein and genistein are of interest in preventive medicine. We estimated the dietary intake of isoflavones from dietary records and compared the values with the plasma concentrations and urinary excretions in Japanese middle-aged women. The dietary intake of daidzein and genistein was 64.6 and 111.6 mumol /day/capita (16.4 and 30.1 mg/day/capita), respectively. The isoflavones intake was mostly attributable to tofu, natto and miso. The median of plasma daidzein and genistein concentration was 72.46 and 206.09 nmol/L, respectively. The median of urinary excretion was 20.54 mumol /day for daidzein, 10.79 for genistein, 15.74 for equol and 1.64 for O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA). Equol and O-DMA were excreted by 50% and 84% of all participants, respectively. Equol metabolizers were significantly lower the plasma and urinary daidzein and urinary O-DMA. The dietary intake of daidzein and genistein after the adjustment for total energy ...
Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association, 1999
Cerebrovascular disease was a leading cause of death from 1955 to 1980 in Japan. The mortality ra... more Cerebrovascular disease was a leading cause of death from 1955 to 1980 in Japan. The mortality rate from this disease has decreased sharply in recent decades. This downward trend seems to correspond to the dietary habits of Japanese. Data from a large prospective cohort study were analyzed to examine the association between dietary habits and cerebrovascular disease mortality in Japan. The subjects for this analysis were 223,170 men and women aged 40 to 69 at baseline in December 1965. There were 6,168 deaths in men and 4,862 deaths in women due to cerebrovascular disease (ICD7: 330-334) during the follow-up period from January 1966 to December 1981. Rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusted for sex, attained age, follow-up period, prefecture, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and occupation was used for comparison. In this study, the risk of mortality from cerebrovascular disease was inversely associated with dairy milk, meat and fish consumption. Therefore th...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is pervasive into aging society,
affecting permanent implications on... more Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is pervasive into aging society, affecting permanent implications on patients’ life. Approximately 10% of the global population has CKD, and millions die each year. The prevalence of CKD was high in Latin America, Europe, East Asia and the Middle East, where approximately 12% of the population has CKD.1 Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a part of CKD when the patients have diabetes.2 Both CKD and DKD may progressively fall from a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2) to less than 15, at which point the patient becomes end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The status of DKD could be estimated by measuring the amount of urinary protein and the serum creatinine, which can be used to calculate the eGFR.
Purpose
Metabolic syndrome is a preceding risk of diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, so ... more Purpose Metabolic syndrome is a preceding risk of diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, so the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is important for further treatment. In 2005, the international diabetes foundation (IDF) reported a new diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome, making abdominal obesity an essential factor required in the diagnosis. Waist circumference (WC) is used as a surrogate marker of abdominal obesity, but it is defined based on the national cutoff point of each country. This study examined the validity of diagnostic criteria ofmetabolic syndrome, especially focusing on the different criteria of WC, for international standardization. Method We compared the efficacy of our previous weight-loss intervention by Japanese and IDF criteria by reanalyzing Saku control obesity program (SCOP). In IDF, the cutoff point of WC for men is 90 cm and 80 cm for women. On the contrary, the cutoff point of WC is 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women in Japan. Factors for diagnosis was evaluated, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome at baseline and 1 year later was compared by the different diagnostic criteria. Result and Discussion In Japanese criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 100% to 97.3%, and among women 96.6% to 88.6%. However, when we applied the IDF criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 97.4% to 88.5%, and among women 100% to 100%. These results suggested that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by IDF criteria is underdiagnosis in men and over-diagnosis in women compared to the Japanese criteria. Japanese cutoff point is calculated by the computed tomography (CT) scan data in which 100 cm2 abdominal fat area corresponds to nearly 100 cm WC. The standardization of diagnostic criteria is important to compare the efficacy of intervention and prevention of diseases between countries.
When I visited Bangkok in Thailand about five years ago, I saw
the label “medical rice” on a pack... more When I visited Bangkok in Thailand about five years ago, I saw the label “medical rice” on a package of ‘diabetes and health promotion’ rice, and I was hopeful that the concept could be widened beyond Thailand. On December 10-12, 2014, the “East Asia Functional Standardization of Rice Conference” was held at Kyoto Research Park to promote the idea among related countries.
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, Jun 1, 1985
Twenty-seven cases of surgically resected large cell carcinoma of the lung including nine cases o... more Twenty-seven cases of surgically resected large cell carcinoma of the lung including nine cases of giant cell carcinoma were examined ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Ultrastructurally, of 18 large cell carcinomas other than giant cell carcinoma eight showed characteristic differentiation toward adenocarcinoma, four toward adenosquamous carcinoma, and one each toward squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma, but the remaining four were undifferentiated. Six of the nine giant cell carcinomas also showed features of adenocarcinoma, two showed features of squamous cell carcinoma, and one was undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, secretory component (SC) was observed in seven of 14 cases with features of adenocarcinoma and two of four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma. Carcinomas with only squamous cell differentiation did not stain for SC. Keratin staining was positive in five of the 14 with features of adenocarcinoma, three of the four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma and two of the three cases with features of squamous cell carcinoma. The numbers of tumor cells positive for keratin and/or SC were small. One carcinoma with neurosecretory type granules was stained positively for calcitonin. These findings indicate that many large cell carcinomas showed differentiation toward glandular cells and/or squamous cells, and some did not show any differentiation ultrastructurally or immunohistochemically, indicating that the majority of large cell carcinomas are poorly differentiated form of either adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas.
Fifty consecutively resected lungs in the National Cancer Cen ter of Japan were studied immunohis... more Fifty consecutively resected lungs in the National Cancer Cen ter of Japan were studied immunohistochemically using mono clonal antibodies (B1, B2, Leu4, Leu3a, Leu2a, Leu?, OKT6, OKM1, OKU, OKT9) with special reference to infiltrating lympho cytes and histiocytes. The histological types of these cases were: 14 squamous cell carcinomas; 23 adenocarcinomas; four adenosquamous carcinomas; three large cell carcinomas; one small cell carcinoma with areas of large cell component; one carcinoid; and four nonneoplastic focal lesions.
Jnci Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Jul 1, 1981
Serum samples from 343 unrelated, healthy Japanese, 194 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-posit... more Serum samples from 343 unrelated, healthy Japanese, 194 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive healthy carriers, 96 patients with primary hepatoma, 91 patients with lung cancer, 94 patients with breast cancer, and 87 patients with gastric cancer were examined for IgG heavy-chain allotypes (Gm). The Gm phenotypes of the sera from patients with breast cancer exhibited a distribution similar to that of the normal controls. However, compared to that of normal controls, the Gm phenotype (1,2,21,13,15,16) was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma(chi 2 (1) = 15.12, corrected P less than 0.01) and in the patients with lung cancer (chi 2 (1) = 10.97, corrected P less than 0.05). Compared to that of normal controls, the haplotype Gm 1,2,21 was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma (chi 2 (1) = 22.34, corrected P less than 0.01). Increased frequency of Gm 1,2,21 in primary hepatoma was also significant compared to that of HBsAg-positive healthy carriers (chi 2 (1) = 9.25, corrected P less than 0.05).
Infiltration of T-zone bistiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and macrophages was i... more Infiltration of T-zone bistiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and macrophages was investigated by immunohistochemical methods with the use of anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies in 40 Stage Ia cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Varying population densities of S100' T-zone histiocytes were demonstrated in 31 (77.5%) of 40 adenocarcinomas; however, lysozyme' macrophages were found in almost equal quantities in all cases of adenocarcinoma. The distribution of T-zone histiocytes was clearly different from that of macrophages. Namely, the former was mainly interspersed among the tumor cells, whereas macrophages were found in the stroma and around necrotic foci. The prognosis of Stage la adenocarcinoma cases was related to the density of T-zone histiocytes in tumor tissues. Patients with marked infiltration of T-zone histiocytes survived longer than those without or with only slight infiltration (P c 0.05). Such relationship was not observed with regard to macrophages. This indicates that T-zone histiocytes infiltrating within the tumor and regional lymph nodes may play a role in host defense mechanisms against tumor in the early stage of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, Dec 1, 1983
Twenty-four cases of mycosis fungoides and two cases of Sézary's syndrome were studied wi... more Twenty-four cases of mycosis fungoides and two cases of Sézary's syndrome were studied with special reference to the infiltration and proliferation of Langerhans cells stained with anti-S100 protein antibody. The number of S100+ histiocytes (Langerhans cells and their precursors) ranged from 104 to 345 (average 188) per 1,000 lymphoid cells in the erythematous and plaque stages, while it decreased to 4-71 (average 34) per 1,000 lymphoid cells in the tumor stage. Conversely, the number of lymphoid cells averaged 6 and 10 per S100+ histiocyte in the erythema and plaque stages, respectively, while it increased to 21.0 per S100+ histiocyte in the tumor stage. The mitotic index of lymphoid cells correlated with the lymphocyte/S100+ histiocyte ratio. A small number of S100+ histiocytes in mycosis fungoides indicated poor prognosis.
Between 1965 and 1985, 72 (64 male and 8 female) cases of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) in ... more Between 1965 and 1985, 72 (64 male and 8 female) cases of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) in the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, were reviewed, and a retrospective hospital-based case-control study was performed with special reference to the patients' smoking and family histories. Control cases were selected from patients with unicentric lung cancer (ULC) with a longer survival time than that for other patients with whom they were matched for age, sex, histologic examination of primary lung cancer, and residence in prefecture. The overall percentage of MPLC was higher in males (3.1%) than in females (1.8%). Of the total number of cases, 46 were synchronous and 26, metachronous. The same histology was recognized in 38 cases (53%), and squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 65% of MPLC cases, all of whom were smokers. At least half of the MPLC found in nonsmokers were adenocarcinomas. Habitual smokers, with a Brinkman index (BI) of more than 50, accounted for 90% of...
In a case-control study in Japan of brain tumours in relation to mobile phone use, we used a nove... more In a case-control study in Japan of brain tumours in relation to mobile phone use, we used a novel approach for estimating the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the tumour, taking account of spatial relationships between tumour localisation and intracranial radiofrequency distribution. Personal interviews were carried out with 88 patients with glioma, 132 with meningioma, and 102 with pituitary adenoma (322 cases in total), and with 683 individually matched controls. All maximal SAR values were below 0.1 W kg(-1), far lower than the level at which thermal effects may occur, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for regular mobile phone users being 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-2.37) for glioma and 0.70 (0.42-1.16) for meningioma. When the maximal SAR value inside the tumour tissue was accounted for in the exposure indices, the overall OR was again not increased and there was no significant trend towards an increasing OR in relation to SAR-derived exposure indices. A non-sign...
Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 2004
Absorption of cadmium is increased by deficiency of iron in animals, but it is uncertain that the... more Absorption of cadmium is increased by deficiency of iron in animals, but it is uncertain that the same phenomenon occurs in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cadmium and iron in the body and to evaluate the influence of dietary habits. Twenty-five healthy women, aged 20-23 years, were selected by excluding those with renal disease and habitual constipation. They participated in the dietary intervention study to estimate tolerable weekly intake of Cd for 3 weeks in the same dormitory. At 3 months before, at 0 Day, at the 12th Day of the study and 9 months after the study, health check-ups were performed, and Cd in the blood and urine, hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (iron) and serum ferritin (ferritin) were measured. Cd concentration in the blood (B-Cd) showed a significant correlation with Cd concentration in the urine (U-Cd), and inverse correlation with the body iron storage, such as Hb, iron and ferritin. A food frequency questionnaire showe...
Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association, 2001
The study areas of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovas... more The study areas of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases (JPHC Study) are distributed throughout Japan and represent both rural and urban communities. These geographical differences yield considerable difference in population, culture, and lifestyle. The mortality rates in the study areas were apparently influenced by these factors. The pattern of standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes of death (cancer, heart diseases, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases) in each area was different. Age-standardized site-specific cancer mortality rates showed large variation even when compared with corresponding figures of prefectures in Japan. The areas of the JPHC study showed different patterns of SMR for major causes of death. The differences in site-specific cancer mortality rates for most of the sites are sufficient for epidemiological analyses.
Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association, 2000
Biological effects of dietary isoflavones, such as daidzein and genistein are of interest in prev... more Biological effects of dietary isoflavones, such as daidzein and genistein are of interest in preventive medicine. We estimated the dietary intake of isoflavones from dietary records and compared the values with the plasma concentrations and urinary excretions in Japanese middle-aged women. The dietary intake of daidzein and genistein was 64.6 and 111.6 mumol /day/capita (16.4 and 30.1 mg/day/capita), respectively. The isoflavones intake was mostly attributable to tofu, natto and miso. The median of plasma daidzein and genistein concentration was 72.46 and 206.09 nmol/L, respectively. The median of urinary excretion was 20.54 mumol /day for daidzein, 10.79 for genistein, 15.74 for equol and 1.64 for O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA). Equol and O-DMA were excreted by 50% and 84% of all participants, respectively. Equol metabolizers were significantly lower the plasma and urinary daidzein and urinary O-DMA. The dietary intake of daidzein and genistein after the adjustment for total energy ...
Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association, 1999
Cerebrovascular disease was a leading cause of death from 1955 to 1980 in Japan. The mortality ra... more Cerebrovascular disease was a leading cause of death from 1955 to 1980 in Japan. The mortality rate from this disease has decreased sharply in recent decades. This downward trend seems to correspond to the dietary habits of Japanese. Data from a large prospective cohort study were analyzed to examine the association between dietary habits and cerebrovascular disease mortality in Japan. The subjects for this analysis were 223,170 men and women aged 40 to 69 at baseline in December 1965. There were 6,168 deaths in men and 4,862 deaths in women due to cerebrovascular disease (ICD7: 330-334) during the follow-up period from January 1966 to December 1981. Rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusted for sex, attained age, follow-up period, prefecture, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and occupation was used for comparison. In this study, the risk of mortality from cerebrovascular disease was inversely associated with dairy milk, meat and fish consumption. Therefore th...
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Papers by Shaw Watanabe
affecting permanent implications on patients’ life. Approximately
10% of the global population has CKD, and millions die
each year. The prevalence of CKD was high in Latin America, Europe,
East Asia and the Middle East, where approximately 12% of
the population has CKD.1 Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or diabetic
nephropathy (DN) is a part of CKD when the patients have
diabetes.2 Both CKD and DKD may progressively fall from a normal
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73
m2) to less than 15, at which point the patient becomes end-stage
kidney disease (ESKD). The status of DKD could be estimated by
measuring the amount of urinary protein and the serum creatinine,
which can be used to calculate the eGFR.
Metabolic syndrome is a preceding risk of diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, so the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is important
for further treatment. In 2005, the international diabetes foundation (IDF) reported a new diagnostic criterion of metabolic
syndrome, making abdominal obesity an essential factor required in the diagnosis. Waist circumference (WC) is used as a surrogate
marker of abdominal obesity, but it is defined based on the national cutoff point of each country. This study examined the validity
of diagnostic criteria ofmetabolic syndrome, especially focusing on the different criteria of WC, for international standardization.
Method
We compared the efficacy of our previous weight-loss intervention by Japanese and IDF criteria by reanalyzing Saku control obesity
program (SCOP). In IDF, the cutoff point of WC for men is 90 cm and 80 cm for women. On the contrary, the cutoff point of WC
is 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women in Japan. Factors for diagnosis was evaluated, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome at
baseline and 1 year later was compared by the different diagnostic criteria.
Result and Discussion
In Japanese criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 100% to 97.3%, and among women 96.6% to
88.6%. However, when we applied the IDF criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 97.4% to 88.5%,
and among women 100% to 100%. These results suggested that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by IDF criteria is underdiagnosis
in men and over-diagnosis in women compared to the Japanese criteria. Japanese cutoff point is calculated by the computed
tomography (CT) scan data in which 100 cm2 abdominal fat area corresponds to nearly 100 cm WC. The standardization of
diagnostic criteria is important to compare the efficacy of intervention and prevention of diseases between countries.
the label “medical rice” on a package of ‘diabetes and health
promotion’ rice, and I was hopeful that the concept could be widened
beyond Thailand. On December 10-12, 2014, the “East Asia
Functional Standardization of Rice Conference” was held at Kyoto Research
Park to promote the idea among related countries.
affecting permanent implications on patients’ life. Approximately
10% of the global population has CKD, and millions die
each year. The prevalence of CKD was high in Latin America, Europe,
East Asia and the Middle East, where approximately 12% of
the population has CKD.1 Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) or diabetic
nephropathy (DN) is a part of CKD when the patients have
diabetes.2 Both CKD and DKD may progressively fall from a normal
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73
m2) to less than 15, at which point the patient becomes end-stage
kidney disease (ESKD). The status of DKD could be estimated by
measuring the amount of urinary protein and the serum creatinine,
which can be used to calculate the eGFR.
Metabolic syndrome is a preceding risk of diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, so the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is important
for further treatment. In 2005, the international diabetes foundation (IDF) reported a new diagnostic criterion of metabolic
syndrome, making abdominal obesity an essential factor required in the diagnosis. Waist circumference (WC) is used as a surrogate
marker of abdominal obesity, but it is defined based on the national cutoff point of each country. This study examined the validity
of diagnostic criteria ofmetabolic syndrome, especially focusing on the different criteria of WC, for international standardization.
Method
We compared the efficacy of our previous weight-loss intervention by Japanese and IDF criteria by reanalyzing Saku control obesity
program (SCOP). In IDF, the cutoff point of WC for men is 90 cm and 80 cm for women. On the contrary, the cutoff point of WC
is 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women in Japan. Factors for diagnosis was evaluated, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome at
baseline and 1 year later was compared by the different diagnostic criteria.
Result and Discussion
In Japanese criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 100% to 97.3%, and among women 96.6% to
88.6%. However, when we applied the IDF criteria, the rate of metabolic syndrome among men decreased from 97.4% to 88.5%,
and among women 100% to 100%. These results suggested that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by IDF criteria is underdiagnosis
in men and over-diagnosis in women compared to the Japanese criteria. Japanese cutoff point is calculated by the computed
tomography (CT) scan data in which 100 cm2 abdominal fat area corresponds to nearly 100 cm WC. The standardization of
diagnostic criteria is important to compare the efficacy of intervention and prevention of diseases between countries.
the label “medical rice” on a package of ‘diabetes and health
promotion’ rice, and I was hopeful that the concept could be widened
beyond Thailand. On December 10-12, 2014, the “East Asia
Functional Standardization of Rice Conference” was held at Kyoto Research
Park to promote the idea among related countries.