Scholarship on the history of architecture has tended to be centred for the most part around the ... more Scholarship on the history of architecture has tended to be centred for the most part around the end product of architecture--either the building's design (as expressed in drawings or models) or the resulting structure--rather than the architectural profession. As Spiro Kostof notes in 'The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession' (1977): "the education and training of the architect at different times and in different cultural worlds, the 'process' of architectural practice, the structure of the profession and such topics have been of secondary importance." Yet Kostof is right to emphasize that these other issues undeniably affect our understanding of architecture and its history. This thesis approaches architectural history with this criticism in mind. The purpose here is to analyze the practice of architecture in Upper Canada in the mid-nineteenth century and to reveal the impetus behind professionalization, which was only undertaken toward the end of the nineteenth century. In fact it will become clear that in the early part of the century architecture was scarcely considered a profession at all. This thesis takes as its model the few previous investigations into architectural practice besides Kostof's work, such as Martin S. Briggs's 'The Architect in History' (1927) and Frank Jenkins' 'Architect and Patron' (1961). Briggs, like Kostof, notes the meagerness of the material on the architect and his practice, with the bulk of the writing focusing on the history of style. In his investigation, which considers the architect from his earliest times through the Renaissance to nineteenth century England, Briggs attempts to answer questions such as: what manner of men were architects, how were they trained, how did they work, what difficulties did they experience, and what did society think of them. Similar questions are addressed here in the nineteenth century context of this province (known successively as Upper Canada, Canada West, and Ontario). The working methods of John George Howard (1803-1890) and Thomas Young (1805-1860) are the principal focus of investigation, and the "works in architecture" are examined largely--but not exclusively--as evidence of those working methods. Ultimately this dissertation will show that the roles, duties, status and professional claims of the architect were variable, ill-defined and inconsistent thus necessitating professional organization, which would only develop near the end of the century.
The Journal of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada, 2013
FIG. 1. vieW of hAmilton city hAll in the context of the victoriAn city, 1961. | ryerson universi... more FIG. 1. vieW of hAmilton city hAll in the context of the victoriAn city, 1961. | ryerson university liBrAry Archives And speciAl collections.
Defining architect in nineteenth-century Toronto, the practices of John George Howard and Thomas Young, 2001
Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services... more Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington OnawaON KlAON4 Ottawa ON K I A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non-L'auteur a accordé une Licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microforin, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fllmy de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright Ïn this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be prïnted or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation.
A s early as 1834, when the town of York was incorporated as the city of Toronto, city officials ... more A s early as 1834, when the town of York was incorporated as the city of Toronto, city officials were discussing the need for an accurate map. 1 The Surveyor General, James Chewett, produced the first official map of the city in June 1834. The map simply plotted the existing city streets and the park lots that extended from the harbour, on the south, to the northern boundary of the city (Lot or Queen Street). At this early date a set of four watercolour views representing the architecture of Toronto was also produced. These images by architect Thomas Young, which were later lithographed by Nathaniel Currier, included an overall view of the city and views of the second parliament buildings, Upper Canada College, and King Street (the main thoroughfare of the city). The latter included notable buildings such as the gaol, courthouse, and Anglican church (Figure 1). These lithographs immediately became popular and remained so throughout the 19th century. Toronto had grown remarkably by t...
Scholarship on the history of architecture has tended to be centred for the most part around the ... more Scholarship on the history of architecture has tended to be centred for the most part around the end product of architecture--either the building's design (as expressed in drawings or models) or the resulting structure--rather than the architectural profession. As Spiro Kostof notes in 'The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession' (1977): "the education and training of the architect at different times and in different cultural worlds, the 'process' of architectural practice, the structure of the profession and such topics have been of secondary importance." Yet Kostof is right to emphasize that these other issues undeniably affect our understanding of architecture and its history. This thesis approaches architectural history with this criticism in mind. The purpose here is to analyze the practice of architecture in Upper Canada in the mid-nineteenth century and to reveal the impetus behind professionalization, which was only undertaken toward the end of the nineteenth century. In fact it will become clear that in the early part of the century architecture was scarcely considered a profession at all. This thesis takes as its model the few previous investigations into architectural practice besides Kostof's work, such as Martin S. Briggs's 'The Architect in History' (1927) and Frank Jenkins' 'Architect and Patron' (1961). Briggs, like Kostof, notes the meagerness of the material on the architect and his practice, with the bulk of the writing focusing on the history of style. In his investigation, which considers the architect from his earliest times through the Renaissance to nineteenth century England, Briggs attempts to answer questions such as: what manner of men were architects, how were they trained, how did they work, what difficulties did they experience, and what did society think of them. Similar questions are addressed here in the nineteenth century context of this province (known successively as Upper Canada, Canada West, and Ontario). The working methods of John George Howard (1803-1890) and Thomas Young (1805-1860) are the principal focus of investigation, and the "works in architecture" are examined largely--but not exclusively--as evidence of those working methods. Ultimately this dissertation will show that the roles, duties, status and professional claims of the architect were variable, ill-defined and inconsistent thus necessitating professional organization, which would only develop near the end of the century.
The Journal of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada, 2013
FIG. 1. vieW of hAmilton city hAll in the context of the victoriAn city, 1961. | ryerson universi... more FIG. 1. vieW of hAmilton city hAll in the context of the victoriAn city, 1961. | ryerson university liBrAry Archives And speciAl collections.
Defining architect in nineteenth-century Toronto, the practices of John George Howard and Thomas Young, 2001
Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services... more Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington OnawaON KlAON4 Ottawa ON K I A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non-L'auteur a accordé une Licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microforin, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fllmy de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright Ïn this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be prïnted or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation.
A s early as 1834, when the town of York was incorporated as the city of Toronto, city officials ... more A s early as 1834, when the town of York was incorporated as the city of Toronto, city officials were discussing the need for an accurate map. 1 The Surveyor General, James Chewett, produced the first official map of the city in June 1834. The map simply plotted the existing city streets and the park lots that extended from the harbour, on the south, to the northern boundary of the city (Lot or Queen Street). At this early date a set of four watercolour views representing the architecture of Toronto was also produced. These images by architect Thomas Young, which were later lithographed by Nathaniel Currier, included an overall view of the city and views of the second parliament buildings, Upper Canada College, and King Street (the main thoroughfare of the city). The latter included notable buildings such as the gaol, courthouse, and Anglican church (Figure 1). These lithographs immediately became popular and remained so throughout the 19th century. Toronto had grown remarkably by t...
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