Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by ion beam sputter depositi... more Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by ion beam sputter deposition method in three different deposition conditions [(i) oxygen (O2) flow rate varied from 0.05 to 0.20 sccm at a fixed argon (1.65 sccm) flow rate,(ii) Ar flow rate changed from ...
Polyclonal antibodies against purifiedRhizoctonia solani toxin obtained from infected rice sheath... more Polyclonal antibodies against purifiedRhizoctonia solani toxin obtained from infected rice sheath tissues (sheath blight toxin, SBT) and culture filtrates (culture filtrate toxin, CFT) were developed in rabbit and chicken. The IgG was isolated from serum and egg yolk of rabbit and chicken, respectively, and their specificity was investigated by indirect ELISA. Antibodies developed against CFT and SBT in rabbits exhibited relatively higher titer values when compared to chicken antibodies. Positive correlation was observed between the degree of sheath blighting and the levels of antigens induced by each isolate during sheath blight symptome development as detected by rabbit SBT antibody and the isolate RS7 was identified as most virulent. Optimization of incubation period for maximum toxin production in liquid medium and rice sheaths indicated that the production of CFT and SBT is maximum after 15 d and 6 d of pathogen inoculation. Studies of the possible translocation of RS-toxin in rice plants upon inoculation withR. solani showed downward translocation as detected by rabbit/chicken SBT antibodies. Since plant inoculation required a higher concentration of inoculum and maintenance of plants, serological assay by ELISA is more sensitive than whole-plant assays in detecting RS-toxin, with the advantage that ELISA also allows rapid determination of RS-toxin production.
This study contributes to the literature by estimating discount rate for health benefits and valu... more This study contributes to the literature by estimating discount rate for health benefits and value of statistical life of workers in India. The discount rate is imputed from wage-risk trade-offs in which workers decide whether to accept a risky job with higher wages. The ...
This study contributes to the hedonic wage literature in developing countries by estimating the c... more This study contributes to the hedonic wage literature in developing countries by estimating the collective willingness to pay of a statistical life/injury, using an original data set from the Indian labor market. As self-selection by workers results in biased estimates of the wage premium for job risks, the study uses a modified selectivity bias correction technique. Empirical results indicate substantial heterogeneity in returns to risk. The estimated value of life without selectivity bias is Rs. 56 million (US $3 million), which is substantially larger than the value with selection bias. The estimates provided by the study can aid policy makers, international agencies and other researchers in evaluating health projects in India and other developing countries.
This study was aimed to investigate three inversion models (currently in use with Moderate Resolu... more This study was aimed to investigate three inversion models (currently in use with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor data processing), namely constrained Linear Matrix (LM), Quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA) and GSM semi-analytical models (GSM). These models were applied to large bio-optical data sets (collected from coastal and open sea waters around Korea) to retrieve inherent optical properties (IOPs) such as absorption coefficients of phytoplankton (a ph ), colored dissolved and detrital organic matters (a cdm ), and particulate backscattering coefficient (b bp ) at five wavelengths (412, 443, 490, 510, and 555 nm). The derived IOP products were compared with in situ a ph , a cdm and b bp coefficients measured for the same remote sensing reflectance (R rs (λ)) data sets used in the models and the uncertainties of the three models were assessed based on the standard statistical procedures (mean relative error MRE, root mean square error RMSE, slope, and coefficient of determination R 2). It was found that all the three models tended to yield significant errors with varying magnitude at different wavelengths. Overall performance of the models assessed based on the above statistical means was found in the following order: LM > GSM > QAA for retrieving the a ph , LM > GSM > QAA for retrieving the a cdm , and QAA > GSM > LM for retrieving the b bp . Our analyses suggest that these models will require additional refinements with a full parameterization by a fully suited data set in order to produce accurate retrievals of IOPs in coastal and open sea waters around Korea.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by ion beam sputter depositi... more Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by ion beam sputter deposition method in three different deposition conditions [(i) oxygen (O2) flow rate varied from 0.05 to 0.20 sccm at a fixed argon (1.65 sccm) flow rate,(ii) Ar flow rate changed from ...
Polyclonal antibodies against purifiedRhizoctonia solani toxin obtained from infected rice sheath... more Polyclonal antibodies against purifiedRhizoctonia solani toxin obtained from infected rice sheath tissues (sheath blight toxin, SBT) and culture filtrates (culture filtrate toxin, CFT) were developed in rabbit and chicken. The IgG was isolated from serum and egg yolk of rabbit and chicken, respectively, and their specificity was investigated by indirect ELISA. Antibodies developed against CFT and SBT in rabbits exhibited relatively higher titer values when compared to chicken antibodies. Positive correlation was observed between the degree of sheath blighting and the levels of antigens induced by each isolate during sheath blight symptome development as detected by rabbit SBT antibody and the isolate RS7 was identified as most virulent. Optimization of incubation period for maximum toxin production in liquid medium and rice sheaths indicated that the production of CFT and SBT is maximum after 15 d and 6 d of pathogen inoculation. Studies of the possible translocation of RS-toxin in rice plants upon inoculation withR. solani showed downward translocation as detected by rabbit/chicken SBT antibodies. Since plant inoculation required a higher concentration of inoculum and maintenance of plants, serological assay by ELISA is more sensitive than whole-plant assays in detecting RS-toxin, with the advantage that ELISA also allows rapid determination of RS-toxin production.
This study contributes to the literature by estimating discount rate for health benefits and valu... more This study contributes to the literature by estimating discount rate for health benefits and value of statistical life of workers in India. The discount rate is imputed from wage-risk trade-offs in which workers decide whether to accept a risky job with higher wages. The ...
This study contributes to the hedonic wage literature in developing countries by estimating the c... more This study contributes to the hedonic wage literature in developing countries by estimating the collective willingness to pay of a statistical life/injury, using an original data set from the Indian labor market. As self-selection by workers results in biased estimates of the wage premium for job risks, the study uses a modified selectivity bias correction technique. Empirical results indicate substantial heterogeneity in returns to risk. The estimated value of life without selectivity bias is Rs. 56 million (US $3 million), which is substantially larger than the value with selection bias. The estimates provided by the study can aid policy makers, international agencies and other researchers in evaluating health projects in India and other developing countries.
This study was aimed to investigate three inversion models (currently in use with Moderate Resolu... more This study was aimed to investigate three inversion models (currently in use with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor data processing), namely constrained Linear Matrix (LM), Quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA) and GSM semi-analytical models (GSM). These models were applied to large bio-optical data sets (collected from coastal and open sea waters around Korea) to retrieve inherent optical properties (IOPs) such as absorption coefficients of phytoplankton (a ph ), colored dissolved and detrital organic matters (a cdm ), and particulate backscattering coefficient (b bp ) at five wavelengths (412, 443, 490, 510, and 555 nm). The derived IOP products were compared with in situ a ph , a cdm and b bp coefficients measured for the same remote sensing reflectance (R rs (λ)) data sets used in the models and the uncertainties of the three models were assessed based on the standard statistical procedures (mean relative error MRE, root mean square error RMSE, slope, and coefficient of determination R 2). It was found that all the three models tended to yield significant errors with varying magnitude at different wavelengths. Overall performance of the models assessed based on the above statistical means was found in the following order: LM > GSM > QAA for retrieving the a ph , LM > GSM > QAA for retrieving the a cdm , and QAA > GSM > LM for retrieving the b bp . Our analyses suggest that these models will require additional refinements with a full parameterization by a fully suited data set in order to produce accurate retrievals of IOPs in coastal and open sea waters around Korea.
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