The article in hand is written to highlight the importance of DNA profiling in criminal justice s... more The article in hand is written to highlight the importance of DNA profiling in criminal justice system and need of legislation with reference to Pakistan. In Pakistani criminal justice system entire burden of investigation is upon police and other investigation agencies, which is compelling in nature for investigator to present him stock witness rather than relying on scientific evidence, and utilize all other resources of illegitimate ways to make any case strong. Sindhi society is heterogeneous and illiteracy is a big problem. Honest eye witnesses are usually unwilling to record their statement and even if they do, their statement loses its reliability during the encounter of extreme cross examinations and reexamination. The poor rate of conviction destroys the confidence of the public in the criminal justice system. Opinion of senior legal practitioners is obtained and a detailed case study is also conducted in this regard and it is observed that no one can deny the importance of DNA profiling in present scenario. This is what is needed now that Laboratories conducting DNA profiling must be upgraded and increases in numbers in all over the country and DNA data base is start developing to reduce crime rate in Pakistan.
Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice syst... more Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice system and need for legislation regarding regularization of chemical testing laboratories. This study also identifies the real condition of chemical forensic laboratories in Sindh. For research detailed case study of decisions of apex court and opinion of senior legal practitioners is obtained. Forensic chemistry is used to trace the presence of any chemical at the place of incident/crime scene. Techniques of forensic chemistry use to investigate recovered matters to determine the liability of criminal and civil nature. It also used in several criminal cases to determine liability of accused for example narcotics, toxicology cases, adulteration in food items and drug abuse etc. Chemical Examiner and Serologist Reports are admissible in evidence in to and also its opinion could be part of court file without examining them during trail (PLD 1972 Lah 109(DB). In this research quoted its different types and which techniques are used in Pakistan and which are lacking.
Social networking is a virtual thread of grouping individuals. The present study has explored the... more Social networking is a virtual thread of grouping individuals. The present study has explored the prospects and challenges of using social sites in higher education. The study involved mixed method for collecting comprehensive information about the issue. A survey was conducted to randomly selected 21 university teachers and 279 university graduate and post graduate students. A significant difference was found between the perceptions of students having technological facilities in their universities and those having no facilities in higher education. Most of the participants supported the statements related to utility and possibility of using social sites for disseminating course schedules, outlines of courses, reading materials (audio, video, photofigures, print), discussing course problems, exchange of educational ideas and looking for better opportunities of admissions and career. The qualitative part of the study employed a series of focus group discussions conducted with student...
Measuring quantitative maintainability of conceptual model for re-engineering process
The purpose of this proposed research is to measure quantitative maintainability of the conceptua... more The purpose of this proposed research is to measure quantitative maintainability of the conceptual model. The International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) has defined six external characteristics of the quality assurance; namely, functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, efficiency, and portability. To measure maintainability of the software, it is necessary to determine first how much the software requires the modification. This research incorporated the case studies of the conceptual model that represents the data of the required software. The conceptual models were converted into improved form by using the schema transformations rules in order to represent the representation at higher level of abstractions. This research determined how much the software requires the maintenance during the re-engineering process. The conceptual models were improved so that reverse engineering and forward engineering can be done ea...
The author has granted a non exclusive licence allowing the National Library o f Canada to reprod... more The author has granted a non exclusive licence allowing the National Library o f Canada to reproduce, loan, distribute or sell copies of this thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats. The author retains ownership of the copyright in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduire, preter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de cette these sous la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice syst... more Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice system and need for legislation regarding regularization of chemical testing laboratories. This study also identifies the real condition of chemical forensic laboratories in Sindh. For research detailed case study of decisions of apex court and opinion of senior legal practitioners is obtained. Forensic chemistry is used to trace the presence of any chemical at the place of incident/crime scene. Techniques of forensic chemistry use to investigate recovered matters to determine the liability of criminal and civil nature. It also used in several criminal cases to determine liability of accused for example narcotics, toxicology cases, adulteration in food items and drug abuse etc. Chemical Examiner and Serologist Reports are admissible in evidence in to and also its opinion could be part of court file without examining them during trail (PLD 1972 Lah 109(DB). In this research quoted its different types and which techniques are used in Pakistan and which are lacking.
The article in hand is written to highlight the importance of DNA profiling in criminal justice s... more The article in hand is written to highlight the importance of DNA profiling in criminal justice system and need of legislation with reference to Pakistan. In Pakistani criminal justice system entire burden of investigation is upon police and other investigation agencies, which is compelling in nature for investigator to present him stock witness rather than relying on scientific evidence, and utilize all other resources of illegitimate ways to make any case strong. Sindhi society is heterogeneous and illiteracy is a big problem. Honest eye witnesses are usually unwilling to record their statement and even if they do, their statement loses its reliability during the encounter of extreme cross examinations and reexamination. The poor rate of conviction destroys the confidence of the public in the criminal justice system. Opinion of senior legal practitioners is obtained and a detailed case study is also conducted in this regard and it is observed that no one can deny the importance of DNA profiling in present scenario. This is what is needed now that Laboratories conducting DNA profiling must be upgraded and increases in numbers in all over the country and DNA data base is start developing to reduce crime rate in Pakistan.
Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice syst... more Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice system and need for legislation regarding regularization of chemical testing laboratories. This study also identifies the real condition of chemical forensic laboratories in Sindh. For research detailed case study of decisions of apex court and opinion of senior legal practitioners is obtained. Forensic chemistry is used to trace the presence of any chemical at the place of incident/crime scene. Techniques of forensic chemistry use to investigate recovered matters to determine the liability of criminal and civil nature. It also used in several criminal cases to determine liability of accused for example narcotics, toxicology cases, adulteration in food items and drug abuse etc. Chemical Examiner and Serologist Reports are admissible in evidence in to and also its opinion could be part of court file without examining them during trail (PLD 1972 Lah 109(DB). In this research quoted its different types and which techniques are used in Pakistan and which are lacking.
Social networking is a virtual thread of grouping individuals. The present study has explored the... more Social networking is a virtual thread of grouping individuals. The present study has explored the prospects and challenges of using social sites in higher education. The study involved mixed method for collecting comprehensive information about the issue. A survey was conducted to randomly selected 21 university teachers and 279 university graduate and post graduate students. A significant difference was found between the perceptions of students having technological facilities in their universities and those having no facilities in higher education. Most of the participants supported the statements related to utility and possibility of using social sites for disseminating course schedules, outlines of courses, reading materials (audio, video, photofigures, print), discussing course problems, exchange of educational ideas and looking for better opportunities of admissions and career. The qualitative part of the study employed a series of focus group discussions conducted with student...
Measuring quantitative maintainability of conceptual model for re-engineering process
The purpose of this proposed research is to measure quantitative maintainability of the conceptua... more The purpose of this proposed research is to measure quantitative maintainability of the conceptual model. The International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) has defined six external characteristics of the quality assurance; namely, functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, efficiency, and portability. To measure maintainability of the software, it is necessary to determine first how much the software requires the modification. This research incorporated the case studies of the conceptual model that represents the data of the required software. The conceptual models were converted into improved form by using the schema transformations rules in order to represent the representation at higher level of abstractions. This research determined how much the software requires the maintenance during the re-engineering process. The conceptual models were improved so that reverse engineering and forward engineering can be done ea...
The author has granted a non exclusive licence allowing the National Library o f Canada to reprod... more The author has granted a non exclusive licence allowing the National Library o f Canada to reproduce, loan, distribute or sell copies of this thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats. The author retains ownership of the copyright in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduire, preter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de cette these sous la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice syst... more Present article is written to analyze the role of forensic chemistry in the criminal justice system and need for legislation regarding regularization of chemical testing laboratories. This study also identifies the real condition of chemical forensic laboratories in Sindh. For research detailed case study of decisions of apex court and opinion of senior legal practitioners is obtained. Forensic chemistry is used to trace the presence of any chemical at the place of incident/crime scene. Techniques of forensic chemistry use to investigate recovered matters to determine the liability of criminal and civil nature. It also used in several criminal cases to determine liability of accused for example narcotics, toxicology cases, adulteration in food items and drug abuse etc. Chemical Examiner and Serologist Reports are admissible in evidence in to and also its opinion could be part of court file without examining them during trail (PLD 1972 Lah 109(DB). In this research quoted its different types and which techniques are used in Pakistan and which are lacking.
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