Objective: To examine the effect of six different isopods from five different food fish species. ... more Objective: To examine the effect of six different isopods from five different food fish species. Methods: The specimens were collected directly from the trawlers landed at Parangipettai coast during the year of 2012 (January-December). Isopods were removed from the body surface and buccal cavities of the fish hosts and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Data regarding the prevalence of isopod parasites was calculated and site of attachment. Results: During the study period, 310 fishes were collected and examined for parasites infection, and it includes five different species. Among the examined fishes, 106 fish were infected among the total number of 120 collected parasites. The occurrence of isopod infection in all the infected fishes was 34.19%. The occurrence of Liza parsia was 25%, Thryssa dussumieri was 36%, Sardinella albella was 17.5% and Otolithes cuvieri was 65%. The maximum isopoda parasite infected noticed Otolithes cuvieri and minimum value was recorded in Sardinella albella. Conclusions: This is the new host for the parasite Nerocila phaeopleura in Liza parsia. Thus parasitic attack the growth and normal function of the fishes will suffer and lead to economic loss or the marketability may reduce then. In along the lifespan, the host population was may be affected by the parasitic outbreak.
The Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important economical shell fish in throughout the wor... more The Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important economical shell fish in throughout the world. Mineral deposition is a continuous problem in Litopenaeus vannamei culture pond in world wild. The current study to compares the water quality parameters, shrimp growth biomass, and mortality rates during harvest between three ponds. Experimental setup was selected three different ponds (brackish water pond, bore well pond, and bore well resevoir pond) were seeded with the same density of the Litopenaeus vannamei at Pennar River Andhra Pradesh, south India. The primary differences between the ponds were as the water source; one pond was filled from the estuary, estuarine-water was fed to the pond, the second one was taken from bore wells with high alkalinity, and there’d one filled from bore well resevoir pond. Temperature in three ponds was varied and it reached up to 29.6°C after 125 days of culture. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were varied within the acceptable range although levels in the alkaline pond were as near the lower limit in the last 90 days before harvest. Salinity levels were varied in three ponds, above optimal levels and increased over the 120 days. Alkalinity in the estuarine water was typically <100 ppm and whereas (275-399 ppm) in the alkaline pond. In the alkaline pond, beginning on 75th day the mineral deposits was observed all parts of shrimp over the body and it’s including the eye and the inner gill chambers after harvest, 42% of the shrimp showed this coating. The initial stages of the mineral deposits on shrimps showed pale yellow colour. Elemental analysis identified the major constituents was present in the sample as Manganese, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silica, Iron and Calcium. Survival rates of shrimps in the estuarine-water- fed pond was 92% with a total pond biomass at harvest was 1.65 tons ha-1 compared to survival rates of 79% in the alkaline pond and a biomass at harvest was 1.020 tons ha-1. When quality water may be used, its alkalinity should be monitored and diluted with water from other sources.
Objective: To recored the infection of Acanthocephalan parasite, (Echinorhynchus sp.) in adult
y... more Objective: To recored the infection of Acanthocephalan parasite, (Echinorhynchus sp.) in adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). This is the first report of acanthocephalan Echinirhynchus sp attached to yellowfin tuna and moreover prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance was observed. Methods: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna fishes were collected throughout the year of 2012 from the coast of Nagapattinam (10°45' 36.25" N and 79°50' 59.54" E), Tamil Nadu, India. The collected fishes were washed with fresh water to remove debris and immediately stored in ice, and brought to the laboratory. Intestines were placed in normal saline (0.85% NaCl). The worms were fixed in alcohol/ formalin /(AFA) fixative and in 70% ethanol until processed for identification. Results: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna was examined out of 387 (52.67%) hosts were infected with acanthocephalan (Echinorhynchus sp.). The proboscis Echinorhynchus sp. was long, cylindrical with cylindrical with a uniform width measured (0.41±0.02) mm in length and (0.12±0.03) mm in width. The endo parasite prevalence, intensity and abundance was recorded as 52.67%, 12.46%, and 5.43% respectively. Conclusions: This current phenomena was carried out to report of acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus sp. attached the new host of yellowfin tuna from Nagapattinam coast. Moreover, parasitological investigations are required to determine endo parasites of host due to its importance and numerous occurring among most important marine food fishes in world wild.
Litopenaeus vannamei (pacific white shrimp) is the most cultured shrimp species which is also sus... more Litopenaeus vannamei (pacific white shrimp) is the most cultured shrimp species which is also susceptible to microbial diseases like other shrimps. In the present study, the fungi, Aspergillus awamori KM434331 caused black gill disease to pacific white shrimp. It was first reported from L. vannamei in shrimp grow out pond located atVellapallam,NagapattinamDistrict,TamilNadu,India. A. awamoriKM434331 wasisolated from affectedgillof shrimp. Further, its morphological, cultural and phylogenetic characteristics were identified. The histopatholog- icaldepiction isinflammatoryresponse ofL. vannameiagainstA.awamoriKM434331 are haemocytic infiltration, encapsulation, melanization and collagen-like fibre deposition in the gill. In addition to that, Aspergillus awamori KM434331 cause dysfunction of gills that leads to chronic mortality in the grow-out pond of shrimps.
Objective: To study the prevalence of philometrid nematode, Philometra spp. infected in the
ovar... more Objective: To study the prevalence of philometrid nematode, Philometra spp. infected in the ovaries of Epinephelus malabaricus (E. malabaricus) from southeast coast of India. Methods: Totally 4 801 fishes were collected from Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari. The normal and infected ovaries were carefully removed from dissected fishes and the prevalence of nematode infection for each fish was examined. Then the nematode were carefully removed and washed in a 0.6% saline solution and fixed in 70% ethanol. Representative nematodes were cleaned with glycerin and fixed in a solution of 95% glacial acitic acid and 5% formalin for identification under light microscopy. Results: Of which 16.8%, 16.2% and 14.7% parasitic prevalence was observed from Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari respectively. The intensity of parasitic worms per fish varied from 1 to 8 with an average of 6.33依0.84. Nematode length varies from 7-22 mm with in average of (18.70依4.57) mm. The average length and weight of E. malabaricus were (332.950 依77.792) mm and (513.30依169.46) g respectively. Conclusions: It can be assumed that females of this nematode are unable to attain gravidity in this host species, and consequently, E. malabaricus does not serve as the true definitive host of Philometra spp. Prevalence of infection and intensity of the nematode are highly effected by sucking blood, causing atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, fibrosis of ovarian tissue, increasing granulocytes and haemorrhages, and thus negatively affecting the reproduction of some species of E. malabaricus.
Objective: To carry out the prevalence, intensity, gonadosomatic index (GSI) of a nematode
(Phil... more Objective: To carry out the prevalence, intensity, gonadosomatic index (GSI) of a nematode (Philometra sp.) infested ovaries of Otolithes ruber (O. ruber). Methods: The specimen was encountered from January to December (seasons from post monsoon to monsoon), 2012. The Philometra nematode species are collected from a female specimen in the ovary of O. rubber and the worms ware described. The ovaries were dissected and examined the prevalence intensity and GSI of nematode infection for each fish. Results: The present study showed the result of the nematode body length of gravid female (294.70 依2.99) mm and (147.50依4.11) mm in maximum width. The percent of overall prevalence is 28.66%依 10.17% and intensity of 1-3 nematodes per fish. That may prevent proper development of oocytes and probably affect O. ruber fecundity. Because the average GSI was 2.04 per fish, the number of ova per gram body weight of fish was found as (158.00依3.90) ova/g and the number of ova per cm of length of body was found to be (55 795.0依149.4) ova/cm. Conclusions: Philometrids parasitizing in the gonads of their hosts may cause serious damage to these ovaries by lapping blood, which leads to the atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, the fibrosis of ovarian tissue,
Objective: To examine the effect of six different isopods from five different food fish species. ... more Objective: To examine the effect of six different isopods from five different food fish species. Methods: The specimens were collected directly from the trawlers landed at Parangipettai coast during the year of 2012 (January-December). Isopods were removed from the body surface and buccal cavities of the fish hosts and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Data regarding the prevalence of isopod parasites was calculated and site of attachment. Results: During the study period, 310 fishes were collected and examined for parasites infection, and it includes five different species. Among the examined fishes, 106 fish were infected among the total number of 120 collected parasites. The occurrence of isopod infection in all the infected fishes was 34.19%. The occurrence of Liza parsia was 25%, Thryssa dussumieri was 36%, Sardinella albella was 17.5% and Otolithes cuvieri was 65%. The maximum isopoda parasite infected noticed Otolithes cuvieri and minimum value was recorded in Sardinella albella. Conclusions: This is the new host for the parasite Nerocila phaeopleura in Liza parsia. Thus parasitic attack the growth and normal function of the fishes will suffer and lead to economic loss or the marketability may reduce then. In along the lifespan, the host population was may be affected by the parasitic outbreak.
The Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important economical shell fish in throughout the wor... more The Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important economical shell fish in throughout the world. Mineral deposition is a continuous problem in Litopenaeus vannamei culture pond in world wild. The current study to compares the water quality parameters, shrimp growth biomass, and mortality rates during harvest between three ponds. Experimental setup was selected three different ponds (brackish water pond, bore well pond, and bore well resevoir pond) were seeded with the same density of the Litopenaeus vannamei at Pennar River Andhra Pradesh, south India. The primary differences between the ponds were as the water source; one pond was filled from the estuary, estuarine-water was fed to the pond, the second one was taken from bore wells with high alkalinity, and there’d one filled from bore well resevoir pond. Temperature in three ponds was varied and it reached up to 29.6°C after 125 days of culture. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were varied within the acceptable range although levels in the alkaline pond were as near the lower limit in the last 90 days before harvest. Salinity levels were varied in three ponds, above optimal levels and increased over the 120 days. Alkalinity in the estuarine water was typically <100 ppm and whereas (275-399 ppm) in the alkaline pond. In the alkaline pond, beginning on 75th day the mineral deposits was observed all parts of shrimp over the body and it’s including the eye and the inner gill chambers after harvest, 42% of the shrimp showed this coating. The initial stages of the mineral deposits on shrimps showed pale yellow colour. Elemental analysis identified the major constituents was present in the sample as Manganese, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silica, Iron and Calcium. Survival rates of shrimps in the estuarine-water- fed pond was 92% with a total pond biomass at harvest was 1.65 tons ha-1 compared to survival rates of 79% in the alkaline pond and a biomass at harvest was 1.020 tons ha-1. When quality water may be used, its alkalinity should be monitored and diluted with water from other sources.
Objective: To recored the infection of Acanthocephalan parasite, (Echinorhynchus sp.) in adult
y... more Objective: To recored the infection of Acanthocephalan parasite, (Echinorhynchus sp.) in adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). This is the first report of acanthocephalan Echinirhynchus sp attached to yellowfin tuna and moreover prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance was observed. Methods: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna fishes were collected throughout the year of 2012 from the coast of Nagapattinam (10°45' 36.25" N and 79°50' 59.54" E), Tamil Nadu, India. The collected fishes were washed with fresh water to remove debris and immediately stored in ice, and brought to the laboratory. Intestines were placed in normal saline (0.85% NaCl). The worms were fixed in alcohol/ formalin /(AFA) fixative and in 70% ethanol until processed for identification. Results: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna was examined out of 387 (52.67%) hosts were infected with acanthocephalan (Echinorhynchus sp.). The proboscis Echinorhynchus sp. was long, cylindrical with cylindrical with a uniform width measured (0.41±0.02) mm in length and (0.12±0.03) mm in width. The endo parasite prevalence, intensity and abundance was recorded as 52.67%, 12.46%, and 5.43% respectively. Conclusions: This current phenomena was carried out to report of acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus sp. attached the new host of yellowfin tuna from Nagapattinam coast. Moreover, parasitological investigations are required to determine endo parasites of host due to its importance and numerous occurring among most important marine food fishes in world wild.
Litopenaeus vannamei (pacific white shrimp) is the most cultured shrimp species which is also sus... more Litopenaeus vannamei (pacific white shrimp) is the most cultured shrimp species which is also susceptible to microbial diseases like other shrimps. In the present study, the fungi, Aspergillus awamori KM434331 caused black gill disease to pacific white shrimp. It was first reported from L. vannamei in shrimp grow out pond located atVellapallam,NagapattinamDistrict,TamilNadu,India. A. awamoriKM434331 wasisolated from affectedgillof shrimp. Further, its morphological, cultural and phylogenetic characteristics were identified. The histopatholog- icaldepiction isinflammatoryresponse ofL. vannameiagainstA.awamoriKM434331 are haemocytic infiltration, encapsulation, melanization and collagen-like fibre deposition in the gill. In addition to that, Aspergillus awamori KM434331 cause dysfunction of gills that leads to chronic mortality in the grow-out pond of shrimps.
Objective: To study the prevalence of philometrid nematode, Philometra spp. infected in the
ovar... more Objective: To study the prevalence of philometrid nematode, Philometra spp. infected in the ovaries of Epinephelus malabaricus (E. malabaricus) from southeast coast of India. Methods: Totally 4 801 fishes were collected from Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari. The normal and infected ovaries were carefully removed from dissected fishes and the prevalence of nematode infection for each fish was examined. Then the nematode were carefully removed and washed in a 0.6% saline solution and fixed in 70% ethanol. Representative nematodes were cleaned with glycerin and fixed in a solution of 95% glacial acitic acid and 5% formalin for identification under light microscopy. Results: Of which 16.8%, 16.2% and 14.7% parasitic prevalence was observed from Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari respectively. The intensity of parasitic worms per fish varied from 1 to 8 with an average of 6.33依0.84. Nematode length varies from 7-22 mm with in average of (18.70依4.57) mm. The average length and weight of E. malabaricus were (332.950 依77.792) mm and (513.30依169.46) g respectively. Conclusions: It can be assumed that females of this nematode are unable to attain gravidity in this host species, and consequently, E. malabaricus does not serve as the true definitive host of Philometra spp. Prevalence of infection and intensity of the nematode are highly effected by sucking blood, causing atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, fibrosis of ovarian tissue, increasing granulocytes and haemorrhages, and thus negatively affecting the reproduction of some species of E. malabaricus.
Objective: To carry out the prevalence, intensity, gonadosomatic index (GSI) of a nematode
(Phil... more Objective: To carry out the prevalence, intensity, gonadosomatic index (GSI) of a nematode (Philometra sp.) infested ovaries of Otolithes ruber (O. ruber). Methods: The specimen was encountered from January to December (seasons from post monsoon to monsoon), 2012. The Philometra nematode species are collected from a female specimen in the ovary of O. rubber and the worms ware described. The ovaries were dissected and examined the prevalence intensity and GSI of nematode infection for each fish. Results: The present study showed the result of the nematode body length of gravid female (294.70 依2.99) mm and (147.50依4.11) mm in maximum width. The percent of overall prevalence is 28.66%依 10.17% and intensity of 1-3 nematodes per fish. That may prevent proper development of oocytes and probably affect O. ruber fecundity. Because the average GSI was 2.04 per fish, the number of ova per gram body weight of fish was found as (158.00依3.90) ova/g and the number of ova per cm of length of body was found to be (55 795.0依149.4) ova/cm. Conclusions: Philometrids parasitizing in the gonads of their hosts may cause serious damage to these ovaries by lapping blood, which leads to the atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, the fibrosis of ovarian tissue,
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Papers by Selvakumar P
Methods: The specimens were collected directly from the trawlers landed at Parangipettai coast
during the year of 2012 (January-December). Isopods were removed from the body surface and
buccal cavities of the fish hosts and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Data regarding the
prevalence of isopod parasites was calculated and site of attachment.
Results: During the study period, 310 fishes were collected and examined for parasites infection,
and it includes five different species. Among the examined fishes, 106 fish were infected among
the total number of 120 collected parasites. The occurrence of isopod infection in all the infected
fishes was 34.19%. The occurrence of Liza parsia was 25%, Thryssa dussumieri was 36%, Sardinella
albella was 17.5% and Otolithes cuvieri was 65%. The maximum isopoda parasite infected noticed
Otolithes cuvieri and minimum value was recorded in Sardinella albella.
Conclusions: This is the new host for the parasite Nerocila phaeopleura in Liza parsia. Thus
parasitic attack the growth and normal function of the fishes will suffer and lead to economic
loss or the marketability may reduce then. In along the lifespan, the host population was may be
affected by the parasitic outbreak.
deposition is a continuous problem in Litopenaeus vannamei culture pond in world wild. The current study to
compares the water quality parameters, shrimp growth biomass, and mortality rates during harvest between three
ponds. Experimental setup was selected three different ponds (brackish water pond, bore well pond, and bore well
resevoir pond) were seeded with the same density of the Litopenaeus vannamei at Pennar River Andhra Pradesh,
south India. The primary differences between the ponds were as the water source; one pond was filled from the
estuary, estuarine-water was fed to the pond, the second one was taken from bore wells with high alkalinity, and
there’d one filled from bore well resevoir pond. Temperature in three ponds was varied and it reached up to 29.6°C
after 125 days of culture. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were varied within the acceptable range although levels
in the alkaline pond were as near the lower limit in the last 90 days before harvest. Salinity levels were varied in
three ponds, above optimal levels and increased over the 120 days. Alkalinity in the estuarine water was typically
<100 ppm and whereas (275-399 ppm) in the alkaline pond. In the alkaline pond, beginning on 75th day the mineral
deposits was observed all parts of shrimp over the body and it’s including the eye and the inner gill chambers after
harvest, 42% of the shrimp showed this coating. The initial stages of the mineral deposits on shrimps showed
pale yellow colour. Elemental analysis identified the major constituents was present in the sample as Manganese,
Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silica, Iron and Calcium. Survival rates of shrimps in the estuarine-water-
fed pond was 92% with a total pond biomass at harvest was 1.65 tons ha-1 compared to survival rates of 79% in the
alkaline pond and a biomass at harvest was 1.020 tons ha-1. When quality water may be used, its alkalinity should
be monitored and diluted with water from other sources.
yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). This is the first report of acanthocephalan Echinirhynchus sp
attached to yellowfin tuna and moreover prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance was
observed.
Methods: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna fishes were collected throughout the year of 2012 from the
coast of Nagapattinam (10°45' 36.25" N and 79°50' 59.54" E), Tamil Nadu, India. The collected fishes
were washed with fresh water to remove debris and immediately stored in ice, and brought to the
laboratory. Intestines were placed in normal saline (0.85% NaCl). The worms were fixed in alcohol/
formalin /(AFA) fixative and in 70% ethanol until processed for identification.
Results: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna was examined out of 387 (52.67%) hosts were infected with
acanthocephalan (Echinorhynchus sp.). The proboscis Echinorhynchus sp. was long, cylindrical
with cylindrical with a uniform width measured (0.41±0.02) mm in length and (0.12±0.03) mm in
width. The endo parasite prevalence, intensity and abundance was recorded as 52.67%, 12.46%,
and 5.43% respectively.
Conclusions: This current phenomena was carried out to report of acanthocephalan
Echinorhynchus sp. attached the new host of yellowfin tuna from Nagapattinam coast. Moreover,
parasitological investigations are required to determine endo parasites of host due to its
importance and numerous occurring among most important marine food fishes in world wild.
microbial diseases like other shrimps. In the present study, the fungi, Aspergillus awamori KM434331 caused
black gill disease to pacific white shrimp. It was first reported from L. vannamei in shrimp grow out pond located
atVellapallam,NagapattinamDistrict,TamilNadu,India. A. awamoriKM434331 wasisolated from affectedgillof
shrimp. Further, its morphological, cultural and phylogenetic characteristics were identified. The histopatholog-
icaldepiction isinflammatoryresponse ofL. vannameiagainstA.awamoriKM434331 are haemocytic infiltration,
encapsulation, melanization and collagen-like fibre deposition in the gill. In addition to that, Aspergillus awamori
KM434331 cause dysfunction of gills that leads to chronic mortality in the grow-out pond of shrimps.
ovaries of Epinephelus malabaricus (E. malabaricus) from southeast coast of India.
Methods: Totally 4 801 fishes were collected from Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari.
The normal and infected ovaries were carefully removed from dissected fishes and
the prevalence of nematode infection for each fish was examined. Then the nematode
were carefully removed and washed in a 0.6% saline solution and fixed in 70% ethanol.
Representative nematodes were cleaned with glycerin and fixed in a solution of 95% glacial
acitic acid and 5% formalin for identification under light microscopy.
Results: Of which 16.8%, 16.2% and 14.7% parasitic prevalence was observed from
Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari respectively. The intensity of parasitic worms per fish
varied from 1 to 8 with an average of 6.33依0.84. Nematode length varies from 7-22 mm with
in average of (18.70依4.57) mm. The average length and weight of E. malabaricus were (332.950
依77.792) mm and (513.30依169.46) g respectively.
Conclusions: It can be assumed that females of this nematode are unable to attain gravidity in
this host species, and consequently, E. malabaricus does not serve as the true definitive host
of Philometra spp. Prevalence of infection and intensity of the nematode are highly effected
by sucking blood, causing atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, fibrosis of ovarian tissue,
increasing granulocytes and haemorrhages, and thus negatively affecting the reproduction of
some species of E. malabaricus.
(Philometra sp.) infested ovaries of Otolithes ruber (O. ruber).
Methods: The specimen was encountered from January to December (seasons from post monsoon
to monsoon), 2012. The Philometra nematode species are collected from a female specimen in the
ovary of O. rubber and the worms ware described. The ovaries were dissected and examined the
prevalence intensity and GSI of nematode infection for each fish.
Results: The present study showed the result of the nematode body length of gravid female (294.70
依2.99) mm and (147.50依4.11) mm in maximum width. The percent of overall prevalence is 28.66%依
10.17% and intensity of 1-3 nematodes per fish. That may prevent proper development of oocytes
and probably affect O. ruber fecundity. Because the average GSI was 2.04 per fish, the number of
ova per gram body weight of fish was found as (158.00依3.90) ova/g and the number of ova per cm of
length of body was found to be (55 795.0依149.4) ova/cm.
Conclusions: Philometrids parasitizing in the gonads of their hosts may cause serious damage
to these ovaries by lapping blood, which leads to the atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, the
fibrosis of ovarian tissue,
Methods: The specimens were collected directly from the trawlers landed at Parangipettai coast
during the year of 2012 (January-December). Isopods were removed from the body surface and
buccal cavities of the fish hosts and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Data regarding the
prevalence of isopod parasites was calculated and site of attachment.
Results: During the study period, 310 fishes were collected and examined for parasites infection,
and it includes five different species. Among the examined fishes, 106 fish were infected among
the total number of 120 collected parasites. The occurrence of isopod infection in all the infected
fishes was 34.19%. The occurrence of Liza parsia was 25%, Thryssa dussumieri was 36%, Sardinella
albella was 17.5% and Otolithes cuvieri was 65%. The maximum isopoda parasite infected noticed
Otolithes cuvieri and minimum value was recorded in Sardinella albella.
Conclusions: This is the new host for the parasite Nerocila phaeopleura in Liza parsia. Thus
parasitic attack the growth and normal function of the fishes will suffer and lead to economic
loss or the marketability may reduce then. In along the lifespan, the host population was may be
affected by the parasitic outbreak.
deposition is a continuous problem in Litopenaeus vannamei culture pond in world wild. The current study to
compares the water quality parameters, shrimp growth biomass, and mortality rates during harvest between three
ponds. Experimental setup was selected three different ponds (brackish water pond, bore well pond, and bore well
resevoir pond) were seeded with the same density of the Litopenaeus vannamei at Pennar River Andhra Pradesh,
south India. The primary differences between the ponds were as the water source; one pond was filled from the
estuary, estuarine-water was fed to the pond, the second one was taken from bore wells with high alkalinity, and
there’d one filled from bore well resevoir pond. Temperature in three ponds was varied and it reached up to 29.6°C
after 125 days of culture. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were varied within the acceptable range although levels
in the alkaline pond were as near the lower limit in the last 90 days before harvest. Salinity levels were varied in
three ponds, above optimal levels and increased over the 120 days. Alkalinity in the estuarine water was typically
<100 ppm and whereas (275-399 ppm) in the alkaline pond. In the alkaline pond, beginning on 75th day the mineral
deposits was observed all parts of shrimp over the body and it’s including the eye and the inner gill chambers after
harvest, 42% of the shrimp showed this coating. The initial stages of the mineral deposits on shrimps showed
pale yellow colour. Elemental analysis identified the major constituents was present in the sample as Manganese,
Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silica, Iron and Calcium. Survival rates of shrimps in the estuarine-water-
fed pond was 92% with a total pond biomass at harvest was 1.65 tons ha-1 compared to survival rates of 79% in the
alkaline pond and a biomass at harvest was 1.020 tons ha-1. When quality water may be used, its alkalinity should
be monitored and diluted with water from other sources.
yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). This is the first report of acanthocephalan Echinirhynchus sp
attached to yellowfin tuna and moreover prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance was
observed.
Methods: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna fishes were collected throughout the year of 2012 from the
coast of Nagapattinam (10°45' 36.25" N and 79°50' 59.54" E), Tamil Nadu, India. The collected fishes
were washed with fresh water to remove debris and immediately stored in ice, and brought to the
laboratory. Intestines were placed in normal saline (0.85% NaCl). The worms were fixed in alcohol/
formalin /(AFA) fixative and in 70% ethanol until processed for identification.
Results: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna was examined out of 387 (52.67%) hosts were infected with
acanthocephalan (Echinorhynchus sp.). The proboscis Echinorhynchus sp. was long, cylindrical
with cylindrical with a uniform width measured (0.41±0.02) mm in length and (0.12±0.03) mm in
width. The endo parasite prevalence, intensity and abundance was recorded as 52.67%, 12.46%,
and 5.43% respectively.
Conclusions: This current phenomena was carried out to report of acanthocephalan
Echinorhynchus sp. attached the new host of yellowfin tuna from Nagapattinam coast. Moreover,
parasitological investigations are required to determine endo parasites of host due to its
importance and numerous occurring among most important marine food fishes in world wild.
microbial diseases like other shrimps. In the present study, the fungi, Aspergillus awamori KM434331 caused
black gill disease to pacific white shrimp. It was first reported from L. vannamei in shrimp grow out pond located
atVellapallam,NagapattinamDistrict,TamilNadu,India. A. awamoriKM434331 wasisolated from affectedgillof
shrimp. Further, its morphological, cultural and phylogenetic characteristics were identified. The histopatholog-
icaldepiction isinflammatoryresponse ofL. vannameiagainstA.awamoriKM434331 are haemocytic infiltration,
encapsulation, melanization and collagen-like fibre deposition in the gill. In addition to that, Aspergillus awamori
KM434331 cause dysfunction of gills that leads to chronic mortality in the grow-out pond of shrimps.
ovaries of Epinephelus malabaricus (E. malabaricus) from southeast coast of India.
Methods: Totally 4 801 fishes were collected from Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari.
The normal and infected ovaries were carefully removed from dissected fishes and
the prevalence of nematode infection for each fish was examined. Then the nematode
were carefully removed and washed in a 0.6% saline solution and fixed in 70% ethanol.
Representative nematodes were cleaned with glycerin and fixed in a solution of 95% glacial
acitic acid and 5% formalin for identification under light microscopy.
Results: Of which 16.8%, 16.2% and 14.7% parasitic prevalence was observed from
Mandabam, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari respectively. The intensity of parasitic worms per fish
varied from 1 to 8 with an average of 6.33依0.84. Nematode length varies from 7-22 mm with
in average of (18.70依4.57) mm. The average length and weight of E. malabaricus were (332.950
依77.792) mm and (513.30依169.46) g respectively.
Conclusions: It can be assumed that females of this nematode are unable to attain gravidity in
this host species, and consequently, E. malabaricus does not serve as the true definitive host
of Philometra spp. Prevalence of infection and intensity of the nematode are highly effected
by sucking blood, causing atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, fibrosis of ovarian tissue,
increasing granulocytes and haemorrhages, and thus negatively affecting the reproduction of
some species of E. malabaricus.
(Philometra sp.) infested ovaries of Otolithes ruber (O. ruber).
Methods: The specimen was encountered from January to December (seasons from post monsoon
to monsoon), 2012. The Philometra nematode species are collected from a female specimen in the
ovary of O. rubber and the worms ware described. The ovaries were dissected and examined the
prevalence intensity and GSI of nematode infection for each fish.
Results: The present study showed the result of the nematode body length of gravid female (294.70
依2.99) mm and (147.50依4.11) mm in maximum width. The percent of overall prevalence is 28.66%依
10.17% and intensity of 1-3 nematodes per fish. That may prevent proper development of oocytes
and probably affect O. ruber fecundity. Because the average GSI was 2.04 per fish, the number of
ova per gram body weight of fish was found as (158.00依3.90) ova/g and the number of ova per cm of
length of body was found to be (55 795.0依149.4) ova/cm.
Conclusions: Philometrids parasitizing in the gonads of their hosts may cause serious damage
to these ovaries by lapping blood, which leads to the atrophy of developing ova in the ovary, the
fibrosis of ovarian tissue,