Selin Turan

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I am interested in modernism in English literature and American literature. Also, my aim is to find more advanced works in the novels of George Gissing and Jack London. Besides, gender issues are in my literary field.

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Bilal Orfali

American University of Beirut

Emad Abdul Latif د. عماد عبد اللطيف

Qatar University

David Seamon

Kansas State University

Macquarie University

AUC

Stockholm University

UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Rio de Janeiro State University

Khairy Douma

Cairo University

Jana Javornik

University of East London

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

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Class Consciousness in the Novels of Jack London and George Gissing

This dissertation is the product of a significant amount of hard work but not achieved completely... more This dissertation is the product of a significant amount of hard work but not achieved completely on my own. I am very happy and also lucky to have been guided by many precious people. Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Cemile Günseli İşçi. For her support, guidance, friendship, I am eternally thankful. Before writing, she taught me how to be strong, but kind. Therefore, she is my idol. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Sedat İşçi, who has never left me to feel lonely during my postgraduate education. He has enthusiastically shown me the right way and has always been there to back me up. v CONTENTS

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Review: Mass Media/Mass Culture: An Introduction by James R. Wilson and S. Roy Wilson

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Sep 13, 2022

The Mass Media developed as an industry with the rise of modernity in the American social system.... more The Mass Media developed as an industry with the rise of modernity in the American social system. Its primary effects have been to reinforce certain dogmatic truths derived from its multicultural heritage, which emerged out of its former status as a colonized territory. American society is culturally a mosaic, in which mass communication media such as books, TV, radio, magazines are tools that allow a profit to be made. Thus, mass media is crucial to the development of the modern structure of American society. The media uses cultural elements that can be sold to "followers", denominated as the "audience", "readers", or even "fans". Mass culture refers to everything in the culture that is generated and disseminated via mass media. Mass Media/Mass Culture aims to explore the media and cultural issues that are historically associated with the American social system. The authors assert that the mass media is astonishingly successful in telling us what we should think. The Wilsons' particular focus is on the effects of this dissemination by using a conceptual outlook grounded in the association and dissociation analysis of media and culture. Mass Media/Mass Culture consists of four parts, focusing on the diverse relationships of culture and media in the establishment of a mass perspective. Part I, "Culture and Communication", highlights the role of communication in attaining cultural hegemony. Commercialized culture is presented to individuals and groups in society as communication gifts wrapped as candies, and disguised in denim brands and logos. Moreover, the media is shown to have an immense effect on the legal system. Indeed, its fundamental purpose is the promotion of ideology and legislation. Governmental policies are targeted by many media institutions; these institutions are represented, supported and also approved by powerful agents. Media groups are informally assigned by the government to serve as its "watchdogs", creating a conflict with constitutional rights, as explicitly stated in the First Amendment right of a free press and the Sixth Amendment guarantee of a fair trial. After explaining the relationship between the media and culture from a philosophical sense, Part II, entitled "Development of Print Media", deals with the publishing industry and its great impact on the establishment of social consciousness. This chapter vividly expresses the great significance of books, magazines and newspapers in the construction of a nation, revealing that American identity has been shaped in accordance with the views of increasingly powerful publishing houses. The appointment of editors in the publication industry is, either partly or wholly, made on the basis of political affiliation. Censorship in the book-publishing industry reached a peak in the late 1940s and 1950s. This political interference in the publishing industry is very thoroughly examined. Its deliberate effect on education is also explained; as a result of compulsory public education, there was an enormous growth in the influence of popular culture. In schools, only state-approved schoolbooks were allowed, and topics such as sex, race, religion and drugs were banned. This censorship policy reappears at several intervals in American history. Macbeth was not recommended because of references to witchcraft, and Twain's Huckleberry Finn was branded as a racist novel due to its use of the "nigger" word. In addition to the book-publishing industry, magazines and newspapers, designed to satisfy public taste in order to maximize sales and profits, also support the development of popular culture in society.

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Class Consciousness in the Novels of Jack London and George Gissing

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Review: Mass Media/Mass Culture: An Introduction by James R. Wilson and S. Roy Wilson

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Sep 13, 2022

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Selin Turan

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