This research explains the politics of financial reforms in Indonesia by applying the theory of v... more This research explains the politics of financial reforms in Indonesia by applying the theory of veto players. By comparing the periods during and after the International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs, I analyze temporal variations in the effects of the IMF and the number of veto players on financial reforms in Indonesia.
This paper focuses on the IMF in order to assess the degree to which international financial inst... more This paper focuses on the IMF in order to assess the degree to which international financial institutions can meet increasing expectations to stabilize the international financial system. To do so, this paper reviews prior studies of the IMF to examine how political factors affect the IMF's decision making and policy implementation of IMF programs. The IMF is not free from political interference. This paper also analyzes the IMF from two theoretical perspectives: the IMF as a bureaucratic organization and principal-agent relationships and the IMF. While the IMF makes various reform efforts, balancing the trade-offs between effectiveness and representation remains a difficult task given the sequential principal-agent relationships.
This article introduces a revised and updated version of the Financial Reform Database, which is ... more This article introduces a revised and updated version of the Financial Reform Database, which is widely used by economists and political economists. In this revision, country coverage is extended from 91 to 100 economies. Also, the time period covered is extended from 1973–2005 to 1973–2013. Furthermore, the coding rule relating to the enhancement of banking supervision is revised to enhance the clarity of the coding criteria used to measure the independence of a banking supervisory agency, taking into account the concepts of institutional independence and supervisory independence. In addition, in order to systematically compare policy changes across time and countries, seven dimensions of financial policies are further divided into 20 financial policy subdimensions, and each of these subdimensional policy scores is separately coded in this revision. This allows researchers to utilize each subdimension depending on their interests. The detailed policy description of each subdimensio...
What explains the variation among public hospitals in implementing the free healthcare policy of ... more What explains the variation among public hospitals in implementing the free healthcare policy of the Philippines? We draw on Ostrom’s theory of polycentric governance, which assumes that policy actors’ autonomous interactions at various levels produce better policy implementation when managing the provision of public goods. To explain the various degrees of implementation, we analyse the effects of face-to-face horizontal and vertical interactions between public hospitals and other policy actors by employing sequential explanatory mixed methods. Using originally collected survey data of public hospitals in two regions of the Philippines, we quantitatively demonstrate that the vertical interactions between hospitals and implementing agencies at local levels as well as monitoring and prompt disbursement of the costs by the implementation agency matter when seeking to enhance the delivery of free health care at public hospitals in the Philippines. We further qualitatively explore why h...
This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of six dim... more This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of six dimensions of financial reforms in developing countries. The magnitude of financial reforms refers to the degree a country engages in a larger scale of financial reforms at one time, while the pace of financial reforms refers to the degree to which a country speeds up financial reforms. I argue that the IMF conditionality programs play a role in facilitating a larger magnitude of financial reforms and in speeding up the pace of each of the six dimensions of financial reforms. However, these IMF effects are conditioned by the number of veto players; namely, as the number of veto players increases, these IMF effects tend to decrease. Further, I predict that the stronger the influence of the manufacturing sector in a country, the larger the magnitude of financial reforms and also the quicker the pace of financial reforms for most dimensions, with the dimension of the enhancement of banking sup...
Causes and Triggers of Coups d'état: An Event History Analysis
Politics & Policy
What explains the propensities of countries to experience coups d'état? This article tests va... more What explains the propensities of countries to experience coups d'état? This article tests various, at times competing, theories of coups using event history analysis by modeling coups as repeatable events. We highlight the different roles that political regimes play in inducing or deterring coups, and argue that political regimes that are not clearly democratic or autocratic are the most vulnerable to coups. Features of hybrid regimes increase their underlying coup vulnerability and the impact of coup-triggering events. While existing literature has noted higher coup frequency in nondemocratic regimes than in democratic regimes, we note the impact of differences within the nondemocratic regimes, with particular emphasis on the timing of a coup event. Contributing to growing research on variations in nondemocratic regimes and their consequences, our analysis of global coup data in 152 countries indicates that very autocratic regimes are much less vulnerable to coups than hybrid ...
... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between t... more ... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between the density of shared institutional membership – including regional commercial institutions – and military conflict (Russett, Oneal & Davis, 1998; Oneal & Russett, 1999a; Oneal, Russett ...
... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between t... more ... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between the density of shared institutional membership – including regional commercial institutions – and military conflict (Russett, Oneal & Davis, 1998; Oneal & Russett, 1999a; Oneal, Russett ...
Parliamentary systems are generally regarded as superior to presidential ones in democratic suste... more Parliamentary systems are generally regarded as superior to presidential ones in democratic sustenance. This article contributes to the debate on the relationship between systems of government and the survival of democracy by bringing in a new perspective and analysing the experiences of 131 democracies during 1960-2006. We argue that systems of government do matter, but their effects are indirect; they exert their influence through societies' prior democratic records. Confirming the conventional argument, our data analysis shows that uninterrupted parliamentary democracies face significantly lower risks of a first breakdown than their presidential counterparts. Contrary to the common understanding, however, we find that the risk of a democratic breakdown can be higher for parliamentary regimes than for presidential regimes among the countries whose democracy has collapsed in the past. Furthermore, the risk of a previously failed democracy falling again grows as (the risk of) government crises increase(s). Hence our study questions the common belief that parliamentary systems are categorically more conducive to democratic stability than presidential ones.
iii iv This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of ... more iii iv This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of six dimensions of financial reforms in developing countries. The magnitude of financial reforms refers to the degree a country engages in a larger scale of financial reforms at one time, while the pace of financial reforms refers to the degree to which a country speeds up financial reforms. I argue that the IMF conditionality programs play a role in facilitating a larger magnitude of financial reforms and in speeding up the pace of each of the six dimensions of financial reforms.
This research explains the politics of financial reforms in Indonesia by applying the theory of v... more This research explains the politics of financial reforms in Indonesia by applying the theory of veto players. By comparing the periods during and after the International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs, I analyze temporal variations in the effects of the IMF and the number of veto players on financial reforms in Indonesia.
This paper focuses on the IMF in order to assess the degree to which international financial inst... more This paper focuses on the IMF in order to assess the degree to which international financial institutions can meet increasing expectations to stabilize the international financial system. To do so, this paper reviews prior studies of the IMF to examine how political factors affect the IMF's decision making and policy implementation of IMF programs. The IMF is not free from political interference. This paper also analyzes the IMF from two theoretical perspectives: the IMF as a bureaucratic organization and principal-agent relationships and the IMF. While the IMF makes various reform efforts, balancing the trade-offs between effectiveness and representation remains a difficult task given the sequential principal-agent relationships.
This article introduces a revised and updated version of the Financial Reform Database, which is ... more This article introduces a revised and updated version of the Financial Reform Database, which is widely used by economists and political economists. In this revision, country coverage is extended from 91 to 100 economies. Also, the time period covered is extended from 1973–2005 to 1973–2013. Furthermore, the coding rule relating to the enhancement of banking supervision is revised to enhance the clarity of the coding criteria used to measure the independence of a banking supervisory agency, taking into account the concepts of institutional independence and supervisory independence. In addition, in order to systematically compare policy changes across time and countries, seven dimensions of financial policies are further divided into 20 financial policy subdimensions, and each of these subdimensional policy scores is separately coded in this revision. This allows researchers to utilize each subdimension depending on their interests. The detailed policy description of each subdimensio...
What explains the variation among public hospitals in implementing the free healthcare policy of ... more What explains the variation among public hospitals in implementing the free healthcare policy of the Philippines? We draw on Ostrom’s theory of polycentric governance, which assumes that policy actors’ autonomous interactions at various levels produce better policy implementation when managing the provision of public goods. To explain the various degrees of implementation, we analyse the effects of face-to-face horizontal and vertical interactions between public hospitals and other policy actors by employing sequential explanatory mixed methods. Using originally collected survey data of public hospitals in two regions of the Philippines, we quantitatively demonstrate that the vertical interactions between hospitals and implementing agencies at local levels as well as monitoring and prompt disbursement of the costs by the implementation agency matter when seeking to enhance the delivery of free health care at public hospitals in the Philippines. We further qualitatively explore why h...
This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of six dim... more This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of six dimensions of financial reforms in developing countries. The magnitude of financial reforms refers to the degree a country engages in a larger scale of financial reforms at one time, while the pace of financial reforms refers to the degree to which a country speeds up financial reforms. I argue that the IMF conditionality programs play a role in facilitating a larger magnitude of financial reforms and in speeding up the pace of each of the six dimensions of financial reforms. However, these IMF effects are conditioned by the number of veto players; namely, as the number of veto players increases, these IMF effects tend to decrease. Further, I predict that the stronger the influence of the manufacturing sector in a country, the larger the magnitude of financial reforms and also the quicker the pace of financial reforms for most dimensions, with the dimension of the enhancement of banking sup...
Causes and Triggers of Coups d'état: An Event History Analysis
Politics & Policy
What explains the propensities of countries to experience coups d'état? This article tests va... more What explains the propensities of countries to experience coups d'état? This article tests various, at times competing, theories of coups using event history analysis by modeling coups as repeatable events. We highlight the different roles that political regimes play in inducing or deterring coups, and argue that political regimes that are not clearly democratic or autocratic are the most vulnerable to coups. Features of hybrid regimes increase their underlying coup vulnerability and the impact of coup-triggering events. While existing literature has noted higher coup frequency in nondemocratic regimes than in democratic regimes, we note the impact of differences within the nondemocratic regimes, with particular emphasis on the timing of a coup event. Contributing to growing research on variations in nondemocratic regimes and their consequences, our analysis of global coup data in 152 countries indicates that very autocratic regimes are much less vulnerable to coups than hybrid ...
... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between t... more ... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between the density of shared institutional membership – including regional commercial institutions – and military conflict (Russett, Oneal & Davis, 1998; Oneal & Russett, 1999a; Oneal, Russett ...
... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between t... more ... Another group of scholars similarly demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between the density of shared institutional membership – including regional commercial institutions – and military conflict (Russett, Oneal & Davis, 1998; Oneal & Russett, 1999a; Oneal, Russett ...
Parliamentary systems are generally regarded as superior to presidential ones in democratic suste... more Parliamentary systems are generally regarded as superior to presidential ones in democratic sustenance. This article contributes to the debate on the relationship between systems of government and the survival of democracy by bringing in a new perspective and analysing the experiences of 131 democracies during 1960-2006. We argue that systems of government do matter, but their effects are indirect; they exert their influence through societies' prior democratic records. Confirming the conventional argument, our data analysis shows that uninterrupted parliamentary democracies face significantly lower risks of a first breakdown than their presidential counterparts. Contrary to the common understanding, however, we find that the risk of a democratic breakdown can be higher for parliamentary regimes than for presidential regimes among the countries whose democracy has collapsed in the past. Furthermore, the risk of a previously failed democracy falling again grows as (the risk of) government crises increase(s). Hence our study questions the common belief that parliamentary systems are categorically more conducive to democratic stability than presidential ones.
iii iv This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of ... more iii iv This dissertation aims to explore political determinants of the magnitude and the pace of six dimensions of financial reforms in developing countries. The magnitude of financial reforms refers to the degree a country engages in a larger scale of financial reforms at one time, while the pace of financial reforms refers to the degree to which a country speeds up financial reforms. I argue that the IMF conditionality programs play a role in facilitating a larger magnitude of financial reforms and in speeding up the pace of each of the six dimensions of financial reforms.
Uploads
Papers by Sawa Omori