Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1985–2005 yılları arasında elde ettiği ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki... more Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1985–2005 yılları arasında elde ettiği ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki gelişme ele alınarak, bu gelirlerin cari işlemler dengesi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ihracat ve turizm gelirlerinde meydana gelen gelişmeler; trend analizi kullanılarak yıllık bileşik büyüme hızları hesaplanmış ve grafiksel olarak ele alınmıştır.In this study, the effects of income is examined on the current transaction balance by handling the export and tourism revenues Turkey obtained between 1985-2005. In this context, the developments in export and tourism revenues and annual compound growth rates are calculated and displayed graphically by using trend analysis
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Bu çalışmanın amacı 2003-2021 yılları arasında Türkiye’de enflasyonun gelir dağılımına etkisini e... more Bu çalışmanın amacı 2003-2021 yılları arasında Türkiye’de enflasyonun gelir dağılımına etkisini en düşük gelir grubu (İlk %20) ve en yüksek gelir grubu (Son %20) açısından incelemektir. Araştırmada Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verilerinden yararlanılmış ve en yoksul kesim ile en zengin kesim arasında gerçekleşen enflasyon hesaplamaları yapılarak enflasyon farkı ve tüketim sepetlerinde harcama kalemlerinin payı ele alınarak yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ile yoksul kesimin zengin kesime göre enflasyona daha yüksek düzeyde maruz kaldığı ve aradaki enflasyon farkının her geçen gün giderek arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ele alınan dönem zarfında harcama kalemleri açısından en yoksul kesimin tüketim sepetinde gıda ve alkolsüz içecekler ile konut ve barınma gibi giderlerin gün geçtikçe daha fazla baskı oluşturduğu, yüksek gelir grubu için ise ulaştırma giderlerinin payının giderek arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler en yoksul kesim ile en zengin kesim arası...
Global emission statistics show that Africa is among the least carbon-emitting continents. Howeve... more Global emission statistics show that Africa is among the least carbon-emitting continents. However, the rising drive for economic growth amid urbanization and globalization in recent years has continued to attract the attention of policymakers to the attendant potential environmental risks. Hence, using robust empirical techniques, this study examines the impacts of increasing urbanization alongside its interactions with energy portfolios on environmental prospects of 15 selected African countries including the most urbanized and leading oil producers in the continent of Africa. The results of the analysis produced insightful implications for achieving both environmental and economic sustainability for the understudied countries. Firstly, the trio of urbanization, economic globalization, and income levels aggravate environmental degradation among these countries as they were found to be essential drivers of carbon emission levels over the understudied period (1990–2015). Secondly, while urbanization significantly poses threat to environmental sustainability, the evidence obtained regarding its interaction with energy portfolios of the understudied countries differs. The significant detrimental environmental impacts of the interaction between urbanization and energy portfolios were only confirmed in the context of fossil energy consumption among the countries, while renewables exist as a significant decarbonization channel within the framework of the increasing level of urbanization among the countries. Thirdly, the study upholds the EKC conjecture. Hence, policymakers and authorities in Africa should capitalize on maximizing the benefits of the huge renewable resource potentials on the continent through adequate investments in green energy technologies for urban infrastructures toward the realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs 11 and 13).
While import-substituting industrialization policy constitute the basis for the industrialization... more While import-substituting industrialization policy constitute the basis for the industrialization strategies of the 1960s and 1970s in Turkey, this policy was no longer sustainable by the 1980s. For this reason, export-oriented industrialization policy was adopted with the decisions taken on January 24, 1980. In other words, the post-1980 period, Turkey's economy has adopted outwardoriented industrialization strategy. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the effect of the change in economic structure on foreign trade with the transformation of foreign trade and industrialization policies in the post-1980 period. In this respect, in order to analyze the relationship between import, export and economic growth by using variables of the 1960-2011 period, Chow test was applied. In the analysis the reason for using Chow test is whether there is any difference in economic terms between import-substituting industrialization policy applied in the 1960-1980 period and the 1981-2011 perio...
Bu calismada Turkiye'nin 1969-2002 yillari arasindaki toplam ihracatinda meydana gelen degism... more Bu calismada Turkiye'nin 1969-2002 yillari arasindaki toplam ihracatinda meydana gelen degismenin ekonomik buyume uzerine , etkisinin olup olmadigi Granger Nedensellik testi yardimi ile test edilmistir. Iki degisken arasinda karsilikli nedensellik iliskisi bulunmus ve aralarindaki etkilesim derecesi ve yonu iki degiskenli regresyon analizi ile test edilmistir. Yapilan nedensellik testi sonucuna gore, degiskenler arasinda iki tarafli nedensellik iliskisinin oldugu gorulmustur.
Bu calismada, 2007:1 – 2010:2 donemine ait ucer aylik GSYIH, ihracat ve turizm verileri kullanila... more Bu calismada, 2007:1 – 2010:2 donemine ait ucer aylik GSYIH, ihracat ve turizm verileri kullanilarak Turkiye ekonomisi uzerine etkisi incelenmistir. Calismada donemlere ait ekono- mik performans degerleri Topsis yontemi ile analiz edilmistir. Sonucta, Turkiye’nin 2008 yili ile 2009 yilinin son ceyregi arasinda kuresel krizin etkisi ortaya cikmis ve bu donemlerde ekonomik performans degeri dusmustur.
While capital is an important determinant of economic growth, foreign capital is important for ma... more While capital is an important determinant of economic growth, foreign capital is important for many developing economies due to a low level of domestic capital accumulation. In this paper, by using monthly data for the period 1980-2008, the relationship between direct foreign investment and economic growth in Turkey is analysed using VAR models.
Bu calismada, Turkiye’nin 1985–2005 yillari arasinda elde ettigi ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki... more Bu calismada, Turkiye’nin 1985–2005 yillari arasinda elde ettigi ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki gelisme ele alinarak, bu gelirlerin cari islemler dengesi uzerine etkisi incelenmistir. Bu baglamda, ihracat ve turizm gelirlerinde meydana gelen gelismeler; trend analizi kullanilarak yillik bilesik buyume hizlari hesaplanmis ve grafiksel olarak ele alinmistir
Bu calismada 2010-2017 doneminde Turkiye geneli ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin isgucune k... more Bu calismada 2010-2017 doneminde Turkiye geneli ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin isgucune katilimini etkileyen unsurlarin belirlenmesi ile kadinlarin istihdam oranlarinin verilmesi amaclanmistir. Bu amacla Turkiye ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin egitim duzeyi, yas ve istihdam edildikleri iktisadi faaliyetlere gore istihdam oranlarina yer verilmistir. Veriler TUIK tarafindan yayinlanan isgucu istatistiklerinden elde edilmistir. Turkiye genelinde ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin istihdam oranlarinin erkeklerin istihdam oranlarindan daha az oldugu tespit edilmistir. Egitim seviyeleri, kadinlarin yasi, medeni durumlari, kayit disi istihdam ve ucretsiz aile isciligi kadinlarin isgucune katilimlarini etkileyen en onemli unsurlardir. Bu calismanin sonuclari egitim seviyesi, yas ve iktisadi faaliyet kollarina gore istihdam oranlarinin kadinlarin istihdamini hem Turkiye hem de Konya-Karaman bolgesi icin benzer sekilde etkiledigini gostermistir.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The quest for improved environmental quality through low-carbon emission has been explored in thi... more The quest for improved environmental quality through low-carbon emission has been explored in this study in the wake of the growing call for a transition to renewable energy use amidst widening trade relations between Turkey and the countries in the Caspian region including Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. This study draws strength from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) and their impact by 2030. These SDGs encompass pertinent targets on responsible energy consumption (SDG-12), access to clean and affordable energy (SDG-7), and climate change action (SDG-13). Empirical evidence from the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) technique corroborated by the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) technique shows that a percent rise in renewable energy consumption level significantly abates carbon emission among these countries by about 0.26% while growing globalization vis-à-vis a percent increase in openness to trade significantly hampers environmental quality via inducement of carbon emission level by 0.32%. Extended findings from the Granger causality analysis corroborate the significance of the long-run coefficients with regard to the double-edged benefits of renewable energy consumption in enhancing both environmental quality and income levels through lower carbon emission and sustainable economic growth stimulations among the countries. The study confirmed the inverted U-shape relation between income growth and environmental deterioration, thus validating the EKC hypothesis for Turkey and the Caspian countries. This suggests that both blocs are still at the scale stage of their growth trajectory, where the emphasis is focused on increasing income level relative to environmental sustainability. As such, important policy measures were provided in the concluding section of this study.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
More than any other nations, the crude oil–exporting countries and especially the Organization of... more More than any other nations, the crude oil–exporting countries and especially the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are likely to experience a more difficult energy-transitioning regime because of the economies’ high dependence on crude oil revenue. By using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models (ARDL) approach, this study examines the impact of the energy transition albeit from conventional to clean energy on carbon emissions in 11 members of the OPEC. While engaging the aforementioned objective, the study further examined the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis amidst urbanization drive among the countries. The result from the long-run estimates shows that fossil fuel utilization exerts a positively significant on environmental degradation in the selected countries, while the observed negative impact of renewable energy utilization and urbanization on carbon dioxide emission (CO2) was insignificant in both the short and long run. The implication is that the current energy transition policy of the OPEC states is not sufficient at driving the states’ environmental sustainability agenda. In addition, the EKC was not valid in the panel of the OPEC countries for the period of study, rather a U-shaped relation is established between income level and environmental degradation. Thus, this further posits that there is a setback in the push for environmental quality especially when there is an improvement in economic well-being through income growth in the OPEC states. Moreover, findings from the panel causality test show that there is no causality running from both fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption to the income level among the countries. On the contrary, a uni-directional causality was obtained from income level to renewable energy consumption, while urbanization strongly Granger causes fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions among the countries. As such, it is concluded that energy conservation policies can be implemented to reduce extreme dependence on fossil fuel use with little or no detrimental consequences, thus positioning the countries for economic prosperity in a sustainable environment.
International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2010, 2010
With the collapse of USSR in 1991 all countries declared their independence and started to integr... more With the collapse of USSR in 1991 all countries declared their independence and started to integrated to the World Economy. Since then these countries have made so many effort to developing their economies. This effort exist through economic growth performance and significant improvement of growth dynamics. For these reason, it will be analysis comparatively countries performance through growth rates and growth dynamics. In this paper CIS and Baltic States, which is leaved from USSR, economic performance will be evaluate on economic growth, unemployment rate, inflation rate, foreign trade volume and FDI indicators etc. with TOPSIS method. This paper especially search on 2007 and 2008 crisis whether or not equally effect these countries economic performance.
Bu çalıĢmada Türkiye"de toplam ithalat, toplam ihracat ve büyüme arasındaki nedensellik iliĢkiler... more Bu çalıĢmada Türkiye"de toplam ithalat, toplam ihracat ve büyüme arasındaki nedensellik iliĢkileri 1998-2013 yılları için üçer aylık veriler kullanılarak incelenmektedir. ÇalıĢmada araĢtırılan konu reel gayri safi yurtiçi hasılada gerçekleĢen büyümenin kaynağında baskın olan etkinin ithalat mı yoksa ihracat mı olduğudur. Bu soruya cevap verebilmek için ithalat, ihracat ve reel GSYĠH arasındaki nedensellik test sonuçlarına bakılması gerekmektedir. Test sonuçlarına göre, toplam ihracat, toplam ithalat ve reel GSYĠH arasında nedensellik iliĢkileri söz konusudur. Ġncelenen dönemde ithalatın büyüme üzerinde belirleyici unsur konumunda olması nedeniyle büyümenin ithalata dayalı olduğu söylenebilir.
Bir ekonominin yatırım ve tasarrufları arasındaki fark cari açık olarak ifade edilmekte iken, kam... more Bir ekonominin yatırım ve tasarrufları arasındaki fark cari açık olarak ifade edilmekte iken, kamu harcamalarının kamu gelirlerini aşması sonucu oluşan fark ise bütçe açığı olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu iki açığın kapatılması ülkeler için temel makroekonomik hedeflerden olmaktadır. İkiz açıklar hipotezi, bütçe açığı ile cari işlem açığı arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin var olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Geleneksel Keynesyen Görüş iki açık arasında ilişki olduğunu kabul ederken, Ricardocu Eşdeğerlik Hipotezi bütçe açıkları ile cari işlem açıkları arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığını iddia etmektedir.Bu çalışmada ikiz açıklar hipotezinin Türkiye ekonomisi için geçerliliği araştırılmıştır. 2003-2013 yılları arasında üçer aylık veriler kullanılmış, Eviews programında ekonometrik analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler bütçe dengesi ile cari işlemler dengesinin birbiriyle bağlantılı olmadığını göstermiştir. Yapılan Granger nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre bütçe açıkları ile cari işlemler açıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuç Ricardocu eşdeğerlik hipotezini desteklemektedir.
Income inequality and poverty have emerged as the most important socioeconomic problems for these... more Income inequality and poverty have emerged as the most important socioeconomic problems for these times. Turkey, since the 1980s, meets public sector deficits by internal borrowing. To meet interest costs incurred for borrowing with tax revenues, which is an important source of the government, and gradually increase the share of the indirect taxes in tax revenues is an accurate indicator of an income transfer from public to the owners of capital. This study will focus on internal borrowing interest payments. The distribution of the recipients of internal borrowing, the share of interest payments in domestic debt stock of the state are evaluated, and by examining the course of interest payments over the years, will be focused on the effect on income distribution. In addition, the effect of the distribution of tax burden on income distribution will also be analyzed. And finally, in this study, the factors distorting the income distribution will be analyzed and the Topsis Model which is conducted over the period 2002-2015. Findings are in accordance with the Gini Coefficient results. Accordingly, income distribution indicated a more equitable distribution during the period when the domestic debt interest payments, unemployment rates, the share of indirect taxes, inflation and interest rates were decreasing.
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1985–2005 yılları arasında elde ettiği ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki... more Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1985–2005 yılları arasında elde ettiği ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki gelişme ele alınarak, bu gelirlerin cari işlemler dengesi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ihracat ve turizm gelirlerinde meydana gelen gelişmeler; trend analizi kullanılarak yıllık bileşik büyüme hızları hesaplanmış ve grafiksel olarak ele alınmıştır.In this study, the effects of income is examined on the current transaction balance by handling the export and tourism revenues Turkey obtained between 1985-2005. In this context, the developments in export and tourism revenues and annual compound growth rates are calculated and displayed graphically by using trend analysis
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Bu çalışmanın amacı 2003-2021 yılları arasında Türkiye’de enflasyonun gelir dağılımına etkisini e... more Bu çalışmanın amacı 2003-2021 yılları arasında Türkiye’de enflasyonun gelir dağılımına etkisini en düşük gelir grubu (İlk %20) ve en yüksek gelir grubu (Son %20) açısından incelemektir. Araştırmada Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verilerinden yararlanılmış ve en yoksul kesim ile en zengin kesim arasında gerçekleşen enflasyon hesaplamaları yapılarak enflasyon farkı ve tüketim sepetlerinde harcama kalemlerinin payı ele alınarak yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ile yoksul kesimin zengin kesime göre enflasyona daha yüksek düzeyde maruz kaldığı ve aradaki enflasyon farkının her geçen gün giderek arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ele alınan dönem zarfında harcama kalemleri açısından en yoksul kesimin tüketim sepetinde gıda ve alkolsüz içecekler ile konut ve barınma gibi giderlerin gün geçtikçe daha fazla baskı oluşturduğu, yüksek gelir grubu için ise ulaştırma giderlerinin payının giderek arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler en yoksul kesim ile en zengin kesim arası...
Global emission statistics show that Africa is among the least carbon-emitting continents. Howeve... more Global emission statistics show that Africa is among the least carbon-emitting continents. However, the rising drive for economic growth amid urbanization and globalization in recent years has continued to attract the attention of policymakers to the attendant potential environmental risks. Hence, using robust empirical techniques, this study examines the impacts of increasing urbanization alongside its interactions with energy portfolios on environmental prospects of 15 selected African countries including the most urbanized and leading oil producers in the continent of Africa. The results of the analysis produced insightful implications for achieving both environmental and economic sustainability for the understudied countries. Firstly, the trio of urbanization, economic globalization, and income levels aggravate environmental degradation among these countries as they were found to be essential drivers of carbon emission levels over the understudied period (1990–2015). Secondly, while urbanization significantly poses threat to environmental sustainability, the evidence obtained regarding its interaction with energy portfolios of the understudied countries differs. The significant detrimental environmental impacts of the interaction between urbanization and energy portfolios were only confirmed in the context of fossil energy consumption among the countries, while renewables exist as a significant decarbonization channel within the framework of the increasing level of urbanization among the countries. Thirdly, the study upholds the EKC conjecture. Hence, policymakers and authorities in Africa should capitalize on maximizing the benefits of the huge renewable resource potentials on the continent through adequate investments in green energy technologies for urban infrastructures toward the realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs 11 and 13).
While import-substituting industrialization policy constitute the basis for the industrialization... more While import-substituting industrialization policy constitute the basis for the industrialization strategies of the 1960s and 1970s in Turkey, this policy was no longer sustainable by the 1980s. For this reason, export-oriented industrialization policy was adopted with the decisions taken on January 24, 1980. In other words, the post-1980 period, Turkey's economy has adopted outwardoriented industrialization strategy. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the effect of the change in economic structure on foreign trade with the transformation of foreign trade and industrialization policies in the post-1980 period. In this respect, in order to analyze the relationship between import, export and economic growth by using variables of the 1960-2011 period, Chow test was applied. In the analysis the reason for using Chow test is whether there is any difference in economic terms between import-substituting industrialization policy applied in the 1960-1980 period and the 1981-2011 perio...
Bu calismada Turkiye'nin 1969-2002 yillari arasindaki toplam ihracatinda meydana gelen degism... more Bu calismada Turkiye'nin 1969-2002 yillari arasindaki toplam ihracatinda meydana gelen degismenin ekonomik buyume uzerine , etkisinin olup olmadigi Granger Nedensellik testi yardimi ile test edilmistir. Iki degisken arasinda karsilikli nedensellik iliskisi bulunmus ve aralarindaki etkilesim derecesi ve yonu iki degiskenli regresyon analizi ile test edilmistir. Yapilan nedensellik testi sonucuna gore, degiskenler arasinda iki tarafli nedensellik iliskisinin oldugu gorulmustur.
Bu calismada, 2007:1 – 2010:2 donemine ait ucer aylik GSYIH, ihracat ve turizm verileri kullanila... more Bu calismada, 2007:1 – 2010:2 donemine ait ucer aylik GSYIH, ihracat ve turizm verileri kullanilarak Turkiye ekonomisi uzerine etkisi incelenmistir. Calismada donemlere ait ekono- mik performans degerleri Topsis yontemi ile analiz edilmistir. Sonucta, Turkiye’nin 2008 yili ile 2009 yilinin son ceyregi arasinda kuresel krizin etkisi ortaya cikmis ve bu donemlerde ekonomik performans degeri dusmustur.
While capital is an important determinant of economic growth, foreign capital is important for ma... more While capital is an important determinant of economic growth, foreign capital is important for many developing economies due to a low level of domestic capital accumulation. In this paper, by using monthly data for the period 1980-2008, the relationship between direct foreign investment and economic growth in Turkey is analysed using VAR models.
Bu calismada, Turkiye’nin 1985–2005 yillari arasinda elde ettigi ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki... more Bu calismada, Turkiye’nin 1985–2005 yillari arasinda elde ettigi ihracat ve turizm gelirlerindeki gelisme ele alinarak, bu gelirlerin cari islemler dengesi uzerine etkisi incelenmistir. Bu baglamda, ihracat ve turizm gelirlerinde meydana gelen gelismeler; trend analizi kullanilarak yillik bilesik buyume hizlari hesaplanmis ve grafiksel olarak ele alinmistir
Bu calismada 2010-2017 doneminde Turkiye geneli ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin isgucune k... more Bu calismada 2010-2017 doneminde Turkiye geneli ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin isgucune katilimini etkileyen unsurlarin belirlenmesi ile kadinlarin istihdam oranlarinin verilmesi amaclanmistir. Bu amacla Turkiye ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin egitim duzeyi, yas ve istihdam edildikleri iktisadi faaliyetlere gore istihdam oranlarina yer verilmistir. Veriler TUIK tarafindan yayinlanan isgucu istatistiklerinden elde edilmistir. Turkiye genelinde ve Konya-Karaman bolgesinde kadinlarin istihdam oranlarinin erkeklerin istihdam oranlarindan daha az oldugu tespit edilmistir. Egitim seviyeleri, kadinlarin yasi, medeni durumlari, kayit disi istihdam ve ucretsiz aile isciligi kadinlarin isgucune katilimlarini etkileyen en onemli unsurlardir. Bu calismanin sonuclari egitim seviyesi, yas ve iktisadi faaliyet kollarina gore istihdam oranlarinin kadinlarin istihdamini hem Turkiye hem de Konya-Karaman bolgesi icin benzer sekilde etkiledigini gostermistir.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The quest for improved environmental quality through low-carbon emission has been explored in thi... more The quest for improved environmental quality through low-carbon emission has been explored in this study in the wake of the growing call for a transition to renewable energy use amidst widening trade relations between Turkey and the countries in the Caspian region including Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. This study draws strength from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) and their impact by 2030. These SDGs encompass pertinent targets on responsible energy consumption (SDG-12), access to clean and affordable energy (SDG-7), and climate change action (SDG-13). Empirical evidence from the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) technique corroborated by the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) technique shows that a percent rise in renewable energy consumption level significantly abates carbon emission among these countries by about 0.26% while growing globalization vis-à-vis a percent increase in openness to trade significantly hampers environmental quality via inducement of carbon emission level by 0.32%. Extended findings from the Granger causality analysis corroborate the significance of the long-run coefficients with regard to the double-edged benefits of renewable energy consumption in enhancing both environmental quality and income levels through lower carbon emission and sustainable economic growth stimulations among the countries. The study confirmed the inverted U-shape relation between income growth and environmental deterioration, thus validating the EKC hypothesis for Turkey and the Caspian countries. This suggests that both blocs are still at the scale stage of their growth trajectory, where the emphasis is focused on increasing income level relative to environmental sustainability. As such, important policy measures were provided in the concluding section of this study.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
More than any other nations, the crude oil–exporting countries and especially the Organization of... more More than any other nations, the crude oil–exporting countries and especially the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are likely to experience a more difficult energy-transitioning regime because of the economies’ high dependence on crude oil revenue. By using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models (ARDL) approach, this study examines the impact of the energy transition albeit from conventional to clean energy on carbon emissions in 11 members of the OPEC. While engaging the aforementioned objective, the study further examined the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis amidst urbanization drive among the countries. The result from the long-run estimates shows that fossil fuel utilization exerts a positively significant on environmental degradation in the selected countries, while the observed negative impact of renewable energy utilization and urbanization on carbon dioxide emission (CO2) was insignificant in both the short and long run. The implication is that the current energy transition policy of the OPEC states is not sufficient at driving the states’ environmental sustainability agenda. In addition, the EKC was not valid in the panel of the OPEC countries for the period of study, rather a U-shaped relation is established between income level and environmental degradation. Thus, this further posits that there is a setback in the push for environmental quality especially when there is an improvement in economic well-being through income growth in the OPEC states. Moreover, findings from the panel causality test show that there is no causality running from both fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption to the income level among the countries. On the contrary, a uni-directional causality was obtained from income level to renewable energy consumption, while urbanization strongly Granger causes fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions among the countries. As such, it is concluded that energy conservation policies can be implemented to reduce extreme dependence on fossil fuel use with little or no detrimental consequences, thus positioning the countries for economic prosperity in a sustainable environment.
International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2010, 2010
With the collapse of USSR in 1991 all countries declared their independence and started to integr... more With the collapse of USSR in 1991 all countries declared their independence and started to integrated to the World Economy. Since then these countries have made so many effort to developing their economies. This effort exist through economic growth performance and significant improvement of growth dynamics. For these reason, it will be analysis comparatively countries performance through growth rates and growth dynamics. In this paper CIS and Baltic States, which is leaved from USSR, economic performance will be evaluate on economic growth, unemployment rate, inflation rate, foreign trade volume and FDI indicators etc. with TOPSIS method. This paper especially search on 2007 and 2008 crisis whether or not equally effect these countries economic performance.
Bu çalıĢmada Türkiye"de toplam ithalat, toplam ihracat ve büyüme arasındaki nedensellik iliĢkiler... more Bu çalıĢmada Türkiye"de toplam ithalat, toplam ihracat ve büyüme arasındaki nedensellik iliĢkileri 1998-2013 yılları için üçer aylık veriler kullanılarak incelenmektedir. ÇalıĢmada araĢtırılan konu reel gayri safi yurtiçi hasılada gerçekleĢen büyümenin kaynağında baskın olan etkinin ithalat mı yoksa ihracat mı olduğudur. Bu soruya cevap verebilmek için ithalat, ihracat ve reel GSYĠH arasındaki nedensellik test sonuçlarına bakılması gerekmektedir. Test sonuçlarına göre, toplam ihracat, toplam ithalat ve reel GSYĠH arasında nedensellik iliĢkileri söz konusudur. Ġncelenen dönemde ithalatın büyüme üzerinde belirleyici unsur konumunda olması nedeniyle büyümenin ithalata dayalı olduğu söylenebilir.
Bir ekonominin yatırım ve tasarrufları arasındaki fark cari açık olarak ifade edilmekte iken, kam... more Bir ekonominin yatırım ve tasarrufları arasındaki fark cari açık olarak ifade edilmekte iken, kamu harcamalarının kamu gelirlerini aşması sonucu oluşan fark ise bütçe açığı olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu iki açığın kapatılması ülkeler için temel makroekonomik hedeflerden olmaktadır. İkiz açıklar hipotezi, bütçe açığı ile cari işlem açığı arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin var olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Geleneksel Keynesyen Görüş iki açık arasında ilişki olduğunu kabul ederken, Ricardocu Eşdeğerlik Hipotezi bütçe açıkları ile cari işlem açıkları arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığını iddia etmektedir.Bu çalışmada ikiz açıklar hipotezinin Türkiye ekonomisi için geçerliliği araştırılmıştır. 2003-2013 yılları arasında üçer aylık veriler kullanılmış, Eviews programında ekonometrik analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler bütçe dengesi ile cari işlemler dengesinin birbiriyle bağlantılı olmadığını göstermiştir. Yapılan Granger nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre bütçe açıkları ile cari işlemler açıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuç Ricardocu eşdeğerlik hipotezini desteklemektedir.
Income inequality and poverty have emerged as the most important socioeconomic problems for these... more Income inequality and poverty have emerged as the most important socioeconomic problems for these times. Turkey, since the 1980s, meets public sector deficits by internal borrowing. To meet interest costs incurred for borrowing with tax revenues, which is an important source of the government, and gradually increase the share of the indirect taxes in tax revenues is an accurate indicator of an income transfer from public to the owners of capital. This study will focus on internal borrowing interest payments. The distribution of the recipients of internal borrowing, the share of interest payments in domestic debt stock of the state are evaluated, and by examining the course of interest payments over the years, will be focused on the effect on income distribution. In addition, the effect of the distribution of tax burden on income distribution will also be analyzed. And finally, in this study, the factors distorting the income distribution will be analyzed and the Topsis Model which is conducted over the period 2002-2015. Findings are in accordance with the Gini Coefficient results. Accordingly, income distribution indicated a more equitable distribution during the period when the domestic debt interest payments, unemployment rates, the share of indirect taxes, inflation and interest rates were decreasing.
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