International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences
The following paper entails a study of family as a social unit. The research highlights the effec... more The following paper entails a study of family as a social unit. The research highlights the effects of socio-economic as well as cultural and political factors on the institution of family. The concept of family has been explored through Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (1948) and Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure (1969). The texts belong to two different geographical and cultural set-ups and portray two distinct timelines. The former text has been studied in the context of the failure of the American Dream and the latter in relation to the post-independence Indian disillusionment. This study aims to examine the impact of socio-political and economic context on the functioning of a family and seeks to identify the factors that influence familial relationships and affect the coherence of the institution.
A.I.P.P.I. = 一般社団法人日本国際知的財産保護協会月報 : Journal of the Japanese Group of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property, Apr 1, 2001
International Trade Law has been an aggregate of legal rules of ‘international legislation’ and u... more International Trade Law has been an aggregate of legal rules of ‘international legislation’ and usages among merchants, based on bilateral relations.
Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Jul 21, 2023
Background Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant disorder, mainly characterized by mu... more Background Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant disorder, mainly characterized by multiple neurological lesions, such as schwannomas, meningiomas, neurofibromas and intramedullary ependymomas. Schwannomas are usually small circumscribed lesion. Sacral location of a schwannoma with cystic change is a very rare finding. We are presenting one such case with giant cystic schwannoma with fluid-fluid levels in sacral region. Case presentation We present a case of 13-year-old female patient, presenting with pelvic pain and gradually progressive bilateral lower limb weakness. On MRI, giant cystic schwannoma with internal fluid-fluid levels was noted in sacral region, extending anteriorly into the presacral region, causing mass effects on pelvic organs, which explained the cause of her symptoms. She also showed the presence of bilateral vestibular schwannoma and multiple small cerebral lesions, leading to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2. Conclusions Our current case of neurofibromatosis type 2, diagnosed by presence of bilateral vestibular schwannoma, shows atypically large sacral cystic schwannomas and cerebral subcortical lesions, probably representing glial microhamartomas. Sacral schwannomas can be of giant size with cystic changes and fluid-fluid levels, mimicking aneurismal bone cyst, as in current case.
The Beckmann Rearrangement (BKR) of ketones to secondary amides often requires harsh reaction con... more The Beckmann Rearrangement (BKR) of ketones to secondary amides often requires harsh reaction conditions that limit its practicality and scope. Herein, we describe the Cu(OTf) 2catalyzed BKR of ketones under mild reaction conditions using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA), a commercial water soluble aminating agent. This method is compatible with most functional groups and directly provides the desired amides in good to excellent yields.
India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 1995
he concept of 'sustainable development", in most simple T terms, means 'making things last, makin... more he concept of 'sustainable development", in most simple T terms, means 'making things last, making them permanent and durable".' In the foreword to the 'Brundtland Report" (Our Common Future), it is stated to mean ' a development appropriate to the needs of today's generation, yet without jeopardising future generations; chance of satisfying their own needs and choosing their life style. The demand that the development be made 'sustainable' applies to all countries and all people".2 The concept, thus, includes normative elements, such as its acknowledgement that all people, now and in future, have the same right of sustainable environment that is worth living in and to an adequate standard of living.
The Journal of World Intellectual Property, Nov 1, 2005
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), under Article 39,... more The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), under Article 39, enjoins its Members to protect "undlsclosed information" and "data submitted to governments or governmental agencies" through effective measures. Ths is the first time that the protection of "undlsclosed information" (i.e. trade secrets) has been expressly brought under the purview of an international agreement on intellectual property rights (IPRs). The Paris Convention covers unfair competition (Article 1(2)), and Article lObis of that Convention requires protection against unfiir competition. Article 39 of the TRIPS has linked the protection of trade secrets with Article lobis of the Paris Convention by stating that: "In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article lobis of the Paris Convention (1967), Members shall protect undisclosed information .._ and data submitted to governments or governmental agencies ..." * LL.M. (B.H.U.); LL.M. (Berkeley); SJD (Harvard); Professor of Law, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. 1 See Rudolf Krasser, The Protection of Trade Secrets in the TIUPS Agreement, in Beier and Shricker (eds.) From GATT to Twps-The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intelkcfual Property Rghfs, Irc Studies, Vol. 16, 1996, p. 216. 2 See the Bmic Framework of GATT Provisions on Intellectual Property, prepared by UNICE (Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederation of Europe-EU industry), Keidanren aapan), and IPC (United States). 5 3 The case in instance is that of Coca-Cola. Cabanellas and Massaguer observe that the economic value of trade secrets and know-how is comparable to patents in terms of investment as well as the competitive advantage they &ord to a firm:
Converting a creative idea into a financial asset is the essential feature of financing intellect... more Converting a creative idea into a financial asset is the essential feature of financing intellectual property (IP). IP can be sold, licensed, used as a collateral or security for debt finance. Valuation of IP is also important to secure loans or finances for business. Whereas in the developed world, IP is treated as an asset and a part of the company's portfolio, this is less prevalent in developing countries because of the level of their development and very meager IP portfolio in general. Financial constraints and lack of infrastructure are also hurdles creating and maintaining IP in developing countries. Capacity building for innovation is a very significant requirement in IP infrastructure. The industries in developing countries need to appreciate that a good portfolio makes good business sense.
All rights reserved. No part of this pub li ca tion may be repro duced, stored in a retrieval sys... more All rights reserved. No part of this pub li ca tion may be repro duced, stored in a retrieval system or trans mit ted in any form or by any means, elec tronic, mechanical or photo cop y ing, record ing, or oth er wise without the prior permission of the pub lisher.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 7, 2019
In India, agriculture is the core sector of our economy. In this study, I estimate the impact of ... more In India, agriculture is the core sector of our economy. In this study, I estimate the impact of weather variables on mean and variance of yields of riceat the district level using a large panel dataset from 1966-1999. Rice is a temperature sensitive crop. Moreover, it also requires sufficient amount of rainfall for production. Results show that higher temperature adversely affects variance of rice yields. Higher rainfall, on the other hand, reduces yield variability of rice. A degree Celsius increase in temperature is expected to increase rice yield variability by 20 percent, where as an additional 100 mm of rainfall reduces yield variability by 1 percent.
The primary goal of this study is to establish relationships between light use efficiency (LUE) a... more The primary goal of this study is to establish relationships between light use efficiency (LUE) and gross primary production (GPP) of maize and soybean under rainfed and irrigated conditions to help develop ways to remotely measure GPP and LUE. We studied temporal behavior of three forms of light use efficiency: (a) incident light use efficiency (LUEinc); (b) use efficiency of the total absorbed light (LUEtotal); and (c) use efficiency of the light absorbed by photosynthetically active vegetation (LUEps). The LUEinc was found to be closely related to total Chl in both crops; thus GPP was closely correlated to total crop Chl content allowing GPP estimation via chlorophyll using robust algorithms for Chl estimation that we developed recently. Near infra-red (NIR) and green MODIS and MERIS bands and/or Red edge and NIR MERIS bands were used for chlorophyll retrieval with high accuracy. LUEtotal oscillates around a constant value during the vegetative stage depending mainly on PAR composition and magnitude, while in reproductive and senescence stages it relates closely to Chl. LUEps varies during the growing season 2-3 folds with no regular pattern and it does not seem to be related to any biophysical characteristic studied; it rather depends on PAR composition and magnitude as well as temperature and moisture stresses. To estimate LUEps one needs to retrieve independently GPP and fraction of PAR absorbed by photosynthetically active vegetation fAPARps. We showed recently that Green NDVI and/or a Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Index computed using MODIS and MERIS bands and Red Edge NDVI using MERIS bands are good proxies for fAPARps. Thus, to remotely estimate LUEps we suggest using above remote estimates of GPP and fAPARps. In this paper we assessed uncertainties of GPP and LUEps estimation. Given the substantial improvement in the accuracy of GPP estimation in crops by the models developed in this study, as compared to the current widely used methods, it is worthwhile to fully explore the efficacy of these techniques over different crops, at different sites, and through remote as opposed to proximal spectral sensors. Further validation of this technique over other crops and vegetation types is required using the green and NIR bands of satellite-based systems such as MODIS, Landsat TM and ETM, and Hyperion (onboard EO-1 satellite) as well as the red-edge and NIR bands of satellite systems such as MERIS and Hyperion. With further validation (using data from already established FluxNet and SpecNet sites), our technique may be found useful in a variety of terrestrial ecosystems. The end result may be an inexpensive yet accurate tool for estimating carbon exchange.
International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences
The following paper entails a study of family as a social unit. The research highlights the effec... more The following paper entails a study of family as a social unit. The research highlights the effects of socio-economic as well as cultural and political factors on the institution of family. The concept of family has been explored through Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (1948) and Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure (1969). The texts belong to two different geographical and cultural set-ups and portray two distinct timelines. The former text has been studied in the context of the failure of the American Dream and the latter in relation to the post-independence Indian disillusionment. This study aims to examine the impact of socio-political and economic context on the functioning of a family and seeks to identify the factors that influence familial relationships and affect the coherence of the institution.
A.I.P.P.I. = 一般社団法人日本国際知的財産保護協会月報 : Journal of the Japanese Group of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property, Apr 1, 2001
International Trade Law has been an aggregate of legal rules of ‘international legislation’ and u... more International Trade Law has been an aggregate of legal rules of ‘international legislation’ and usages among merchants, based on bilateral relations.
Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Jul 21, 2023
Background Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant disorder, mainly characterized by mu... more Background Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant disorder, mainly characterized by multiple neurological lesions, such as schwannomas, meningiomas, neurofibromas and intramedullary ependymomas. Schwannomas are usually small circumscribed lesion. Sacral location of a schwannoma with cystic change is a very rare finding. We are presenting one such case with giant cystic schwannoma with fluid-fluid levels in sacral region. Case presentation We present a case of 13-year-old female patient, presenting with pelvic pain and gradually progressive bilateral lower limb weakness. On MRI, giant cystic schwannoma with internal fluid-fluid levels was noted in sacral region, extending anteriorly into the presacral region, causing mass effects on pelvic organs, which explained the cause of her symptoms. She also showed the presence of bilateral vestibular schwannoma and multiple small cerebral lesions, leading to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2. Conclusions Our current case of neurofibromatosis type 2, diagnosed by presence of bilateral vestibular schwannoma, shows atypically large sacral cystic schwannomas and cerebral subcortical lesions, probably representing glial microhamartomas. Sacral schwannomas can be of giant size with cystic changes and fluid-fluid levels, mimicking aneurismal bone cyst, as in current case.
The Beckmann Rearrangement (BKR) of ketones to secondary amides often requires harsh reaction con... more The Beckmann Rearrangement (BKR) of ketones to secondary amides often requires harsh reaction conditions that limit its practicality and scope. Herein, we describe the Cu(OTf) 2catalyzed BKR of ketones under mild reaction conditions using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA), a commercial water soluble aminating agent. This method is compatible with most functional groups and directly provides the desired amides in good to excellent yields.
India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 1995
he concept of 'sustainable development", in most simple T terms, means 'making things last, makin... more he concept of 'sustainable development", in most simple T terms, means 'making things last, making them permanent and durable".' In the foreword to the 'Brundtland Report" (Our Common Future), it is stated to mean ' a development appropriate to the needs of today's generation, yet without jeopardising future generations; chance of satisfying their own needs and choosing their life style. The demand that the development be made 'sustainable' applies to all countries and all people".2 The concept, thus, includes normative elements, such as its acknowledgement that all people, now and in future, have the same right of sustainable environment that is worth living in and to an adequate standard of living.
The Journal of World Intellectual Property, Nov 1, 2005
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), under Article 39,... more The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), under Article 39, enjoins its Members to protect "undlsclosed information" and "data submitted to governments or governmental agencies" through effective measures. Ths is the first time that the protection of "undlsclosed information" (i.e. trade secrets) has been expressly brought under the purview of an international agreement on intellectual property rights (IPRs). The Paris Convention covers unfair competition (Article 1(2)), and Article lObis of that Convention requires protection against unfiir competition. Article 39 of the TRIPS has linked the protection of trade secrets with Article lobis of the Paris Convention by stating that: "In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article lobis of the Paris Convention (1967), Members shall protect undisclosed information .._ and data submitted to governments or governmental agencies ..." * LL.M. (B.H.U.); LL.M. (Berkeley); SJD (Harvard); Professor of Law, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. 1 See Rudolf Krasser, The Protection of Trade Secrets in the TIUPS Agreement, in Beier and Shricker (eds.) From GATT to Twps-The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intelkcfual Property Rghfs, Irc Studies, Vol. 16, 1996, p. 216. 2 See the Bmic Framework of GATT Provisions on Intellectual Property, prepared by UNICE (Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederation of Europe-EU industry), Keidanren aapan), and IPC (United States). 5 3 The case in instance is that of Coca-Cola. Cabanellas and Massaguer observe that the economic value of trade secrets and know-how is comparable to patents in terms of investment as well as the competitive advantage they &ord to a firm:
Converting a creative idea into a financial asset is the essential feature of financing intellect... more Converting a creative idea into a financial asset is the essential feature of financing intellectual property (IP). IP can be sold, licensed, used as a collateral or security for debt finance. Valuation of IP is also important to secure loans or finances for business. Whereas in the developed world, IP is treated as an asset and a part of the company's portfolio, this is less prevalent in developing countries because of the level of their development and very meager IP portfolio in general. Financial constraints and lack of infrastructure are also hurdles creating and maintaining IP in developing countries. Capacity building for innovation is a very significant requirement in IP infrastructure. The industries in developing countries need to appreciate that a good portfolio makes good business sense.
All rights reserved. No part of this pub li ca tion may be repro duced, stored in a retrieval sys... more All rights reserved. No part of this pub li ca tion may be repro duced, stored in a retrieval system or trans mit ted in any form or by any means, elec tronic, mechanical or photo cop y ing, record ing, or oth er wise without the prior permission of the pub lisher.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 7, 2019
In India, agriculture is the core sector of our economy. In this study, I estimate the impact of ... more In India, agriculture is the core sector of our economy. In this study, I estimate the impact of weather variables on mean and variance of yields of riceat the district level using a large panel dataset from 1966-1999. Rice is a temperature sensitive crop. Moreover, it also requires sufficient amount of rainfall for production. Results show that higher temperature adversely affects variance of rice yields. Higher rainfall, on the other hand, reduces yield variability of rice. A degree Celsius increase in temperature is expected to increase rice yield variability by 20 percent, where as an additional 100 mm of rainfall reduces yield variability by 1 percent.
The primary goal of this study is to establish relationships between light use efficiency (LUE) a... more The primary goal of this study is to establish relationships between light use efficiency (LUE) and gross primary production (GPP) of maize and soybean under rainfed and irrigated conditions to help develop ways to remotely measure GPP and LUE. We studied temporal behavior of three forms of light use efficiency: (a) incident light use efficiency (LUEinc); (b) use efficiency of the total absorbed light (LUEtotal); and (c) use efficiency of the light absorbed by photosynthetically active vegetation (LUEps). The LUEinc was found to be closely related to total Chl in both crops; thus GPP was closely correlated to total crop Chl content allowing GPP estimation via chlorophyll using robust algorithms for Chl estimation that we developed recently. Near infra-red (NIR) and green MODIS and MERIS bands and/or Red edge and NIR MERIS bands were used for chlorophyll retrieval with high accuracy. LUEtotal oscillates around a constant value during the vegetative stage depending mainly on PAR composition and magnitude, while in reproductive and senescence stages it relates closely to Chl. LUEps varies during the growing season 2-3 folds with no regular pattern and it does not seem to be related to any biophysical characteristic studied; it rather depends on PAR composition and magnitude as well as temperature and moisture stresses. To estimate LUEps one needs to retrieve independently GPP and fraction of PAR absorbed by photosynthetically active vegetation fAPARps. We showed recently that Green NDVI and/or a Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Index computed using MODIS and MERIS bands and Red Edge NDVI using MERIS bands are good proxies for fAPARps. Thus, to remotely estimate LUEps we suggest using above remote estimates of GPP and fAPARps. In this paper we assessed uncertainties of GPP and LUEps estimation. Given the substantial improvement in the accuracy of GPP estimation in crops by the models developed in this study, as compared to the current widely used methods, it is worthwhile to fully explore the efficacy of these techniques over different crops, at different sites, and through remote as opposed to proximal spectral sensors. Further validation of this technique over other crops and vegetation types is required using the green and NIR bands of satellite-based systems such as MODIS, Landsat TM and ETM, and Hyperion (onboard EO-1 satellite) as well as the red-edge and NIR bands of satellite systems such as MERIS and Hyperion. With further validation (using data from already established FluxNet and SpecNet sites), our technique may be found useful in a variety of terrestrial ecosystems. The end result may be an inexpensive yet accurate tool for estimating carbon exchange.
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Papers by Saumya Verma