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Satoshi Ohkawa

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Philipp Wolfgang Stockhammer

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Sinclair W Bell

Northern Illinois University

Durham University

Mantha Zarmakoupi

University of Pennsylvania

Francesca Diosono

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Oliver Dietrich

Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt

Angelo Castrorao Barba

CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Spanish National Research Council)

Trnava University / Slovak Academy of Sciences

Dominik Maschek

Leibniz-Zentrum für Archäologie

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Papers by Satoshi Ohkawa

New specification development of hydraulic oil and grease for construction equipment

Annual Fuels and Lubes Asia Conference and Exhibition, 2004

Decomposition Analysis Resolution Process (DAR) of Systems Engineering Applied to Development of Countermeasure on Leakage of Engine Head-Gasket

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014

This paper reviews a countermeasure development of leakage from coolant seals of head-gaskets in ... more This paper reviews a countermeasure development of leakage from coolant seals of head-gaskets in a diesel engine applying the Decomposition Analysis and Resolution Process (DAR). We can find complexity arising from some causes of leakage even in a simple square-ring rubber seal. The major causes are (1) large displacement around a head-gasket generated by the combustion, (2) seal distortion at a high compression, (3) seal rubber degradation induced by coolant microorganism deterioration, (4) uncontrolled seal production and (5) unsuitable rubber composition. Through our DAR, we can resolve the complexity of the leakage and can clarify all the cause positions and their relationships. We can confirm that an improved silicone rubber seal, which has a higher fatigue strength, an excellent acid-resistance and a uniform contact property, is the correct resolution. This paper also shows development of a hydrogenated nitrile rubber seal as a permanent measure, which can extend the Middle of Life (MOL) of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) of the industrial diesel engine production.

“Hot Tube Test”-Analysis of Lubricant Effect on Diesel Engine Scuffing

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1984

To prevent engine scuffing in the field, a new laboratory test called the Hot Tube Test has been ... more To prevent engine scuffing in the field, a new laboratory test called the Hot Tube Test has been established in order to evaluate the high temperature stability of diesel engine oils. In a strip mining application field test using 47 bulldozers powered by the same engine type, half of the engines suffered from piston scuffing failures when operated on a variety of commercially available API CD quality SAE 30 Grade engine oils. All the field test oils have been investigated using the Hot Tube Test, and an analysis of the results indicates that it would be possible to accurately predict scuffing failures by this test method. Furthermore, the reliability of this analysis has been verified by bench engine testing on reference oils. The reasons why the Hot Tube Test predicts the anti-scuffing performance of engine oils are discussed.

Oxidation and Corrosion Characteristics of Vegetable-Base Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1995

Effect of Diesel Fuel Property on Exhaust Valve Sticking

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1989

To clarify the effect of diesel fuel properties and engine operating conditions on engine exhaust... more To clarify the effect of diesel fuel properties and engine operating conditions on engine exhaust valve sticking in the cold climate, the authors conducted bench engine tests on 6 sample fuels using a large size construction machine engine. The tests are discussed in this paper. From the results, it becomes clear that the ignition load limits are proportion as to the fuel cetane number and that the composition of discharged tar, generated by misfiring, agrees with a heavier part of fuel distillation region. The conditions under which discharged tar stiffens are also clarified.

Effect of Engine Oil Anticorrosion Characteristics on Multiple Wet Disk Brake in Off-road Dump Truck

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1996

Elasticity - An Important Factor of Wet Friction Materials

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1991

Compatibility of Hydraulic Seal Elastomers with Biodegradable Oils

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1996

Characteristics and Application of Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils

Piston Pump Failures In Various Type Hydraulic Fluids

A new process to develop a hydraulic system adapted to biodegradable hydraulic oil for construction machinery

Synthesiology, 2019

Causes and countermeasures for various kinds of hydraulic system failures in construction machine... more Causes and countermeasures for various kinds of hydraulic system failures in construction machinery generated by biodegradable hydraulic oil (bio-oil) are discussed. Previous component analytical methods can prevent all kinds of failures except hydraulic system malfunction, which requires a holistic approach for analysis. Using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), the cause of malfunctions can be understood, and the most effective countermeasure can be obtained. Integration of a component analysis method and a holistic analysis method for system development is proposed.

New Standard for Four-stroke Diesel Engine Oils: JASO DH-1

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001

This paper reviews the development of a new standard for four-stroke diesel engine oils, JASO DH-... more This paper reviews the development of a new standard for four-stroke diesel engine oils, JASO DH-1 (JASO M355: 2000). This standard was introduced to the market on April 1, 2001. It prescribes the minimum performance for engine oils conforming to four-stroke diesel engines manufactured by Japanese OEMs. This standard is composed of four engine tests and seven bench tests. The engine tests include a piston detergency test (JASO M336: 1998), valve train wear test (JASO M354: 1999), soot dispersancy test (ASTM D 5967-99) and high temperature antioxidation test (ASTM D 5533-97a). The piston detergency test and the valve train wear test were developed in Japan. The bench tests measure hot surface deposits, anti-forming, volatility, anti-corrosion, shear-stability, total base number, and seal compatibility.

JCMAS New Grease Specifications for Construction Machinery

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2006

Since construction machinery manufacturers recommend various brands and types of greases for thei... more Since construction machinery manufacturers recommend various brands and types of greases for their machinery, customers would benefit from a standardized grease which can be used in all construction machinery. Furthermore, construction machinery manufacturers have many experiences of field problems caused by commercially available and commonly used EP Lithium greases. Therefore, the Fuels and Lubricants Committee of Japan Construction Mechanization Association (JCMA) has developed a new grease specification called "Japan Construction Mechanization Association Specification (JCMAS) GK," for construction

Radial Lip Crankshaft Seals for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1990

A New Antifreeze Coolant for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1990

Development of a High Performance Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil for Construction Equipment

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1997

... The appropriate SAE Member discount will be applied through the Shopping Cart process. Discou... more

Development of New Hydraulic Fluids Specifications for Construction Machinery

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005

Coolant Seal Elastomer for Diesel Engine Head Gasket

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1993

for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent ... more for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. SAE routinely stocks printed papers for a period of three years following date of publication. Direct your orders to SAE Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. Quantity reprint rates can be obtained from the Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. To request permission to reprint a technical paper or permission to use copyrighted SAE publications in other works, contact the SAE Publications Group. GLOBAL MOBILITY DATABASE All SAE papers, standards, and selected books are abstracted and indexed in the SAE Global Mobility Database. No part of this publication may by reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Nitro-Oxidation of Lubricating Oil in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1993

Non-Black Heavy Load Multi-Purpose Grease for Construction Machine

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1996

New specification development of hydraulic oil and grease for construction equipment

Annual Fuels and Lubes Asia Conference and Exhibition, 2004

Decomposition Analysis Resolution Process (DAR) of Systems Engineering Applied to Development of Countermeasure on Leakage of Engine Head-Gasket

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014

This paper reviews a countermeasure development of leakage from coolant seals of head-gaskets in ... more This paper reviews a countermeasure development of leakage from coolant seals of head-gaskets in a diesel engine applying the Decomposition Analysis and Resolution Process (DAR). We can find complexity arising from some causes of leakage even in a simple square-ring rubber seal. The major causes are (1) large displacement around a head-gasket generated by the combustion, (2) seal distortion at a high compression, (3) seal rubber degradation induced by coolant microorganism deterioration, (4) uncontrolled seal production and (5) unsuitable rubber composition. Through our DAR, we can resolve the complexity of the leakage and can clarify all the cause positions and their relationships. We can confirm that an improved silicone rubber seal, which has a higher fatigue strength, an excellent acid-resistance and a uniform contact property, is the correct resolution. This paper also shows development of a hydrogenated nitrile rubber seal as a permanent measure, which can extend the Middle of Life (MOL) of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) of the industrial diesel engine production.

“Hot Tube Test”-Analysis of Lubricant Effect on Diesel Engine Scuffing

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1984

To prevent engine scuffing in the field, a new laboratory test called the Hot Tube Test has been ... more To prevent engine scuffing in the field, a new laboratory test called the Hot Tube Test has been established in order to evaluate the high temperature stability of diesel engine oils. In a strip mining application field test using 47 bulldozers powered by the same engine type, half of the engines suffered from piston scuffing failures when operated on a variety of commercially available API CD quality SAE 30 Grade engine oils. All the field test oils have been investigated using the Hot Tube Test, and an analysis of the results indicates that it would be possible to accurately predict scuffing failures by this test method. Furthermore, the reliability of this analysis has been verified by bench engine testing on reference oils. The reasons why the Hot Tube Test predicts the anti-scuffing performance of engine oils are discussed.

Oxidation and Corrosion Characteristics of Vegetable-Base Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1995

Effect of Diesel Fuel Property on Exhaust Valve Sticking

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1989

To clarify the effect of diesel fuel properties and engine operating conditions on engine exhaust... more To clarify the effect of diesel fuel properties and engine operating conditions on engine exhaust valve sticking in the cold climate, the authors conducted bench engine tests on 6 sample fuels using a large size construction machine engine. The tests are discussed in this paper. From the results, it becomes clear that the ignition load limits are proportion as to the fuel cetane number and that the composition of discharged tar, generated by misfiring, agrees with a heavier part of fuel distillation region. The conditions under which discharged tar stiffens are also clarified.

Effect of Engine Oil Anticorrosion Characteristics on Multiple Wet Disk Brake in Off-road Dump Truck

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1996

Elasticity - An Important Factor of Wet Friction Materials

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1991

Compatibility of Hydraulic Seal Elastomers with Biodegradable Oils

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1996

Characteristics and Application of Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils

Piston Pump Failures In Various Type Hydraulic Fluids

A new process to develop a hydraulic system adapted to biodegradable hydraulic oil for construction machinery

Synthesiology, 2019

Causes and countermeasures for various kinds of hydraulic system failures in construction machine... more Causes and countermeasures for various kinds of hydraulic system failures in construction machinery generated by biodegradable hydraulic oil (bio-oil) are discussed. Previous component analytical methods can prevent all kinds of failures except hydraulic system malfunction, which requires a holistic approach for analysis. Using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), the cause of malfunctions can be understood, and the most effective countermeasure can be obtained. Integration of a component analysis method and a holistic analysis method for system development is proposed.

New Standard for Four-stroke Diesel Engine Oils: JASO DH-1

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001

This paper reviews the development of a new standard for four-stroke diesel engine oils, JASO DH-... more This paper reviews the development of a new standard for four-stroke diesel engine oils, JASO DH-1 (JASO M355: 2000). This standard was introduced to the market on April 1, 2001. It prescribes the minimum performance for engine oils conforming to four-stroke diesel engines manufactured by Japanese OEMs. This standard is composed of four engine tests and seven bench tests. The engine tests include a piston detergency test (JASO M336: 1998), valve train wear test (JASO M354: 1999), soot dispersancy test (ASTM D 5967-99) and high temperature antioxidation test (ASTM D 5533-97a). The piston detergency test and the valve train wear test were developed in Japan. The bench tests measure hot surface deposits, anti-forming, volatility, anti-corrosion, shear-stability, total base number, and seal compatibility.

JCMAS New Grease Specifications for Construction Machinery

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2006

Since construction machinery manufacturers recommend various brands and types of greases for thei... more Since construction machinery manufacturers recommend various brands and types of greases for their machinery, customers would benefit from a standardized grease which can be used in all construction machinery. Furthermore, construction machinery manufacturers have many experiences of field problems caused by commercially available and commonly used EP Lithium greases. Therefore, the Fuels and Lubricants Committee of Japan Construction Mechanization Association (JCMA) has developed a new grease specification called "Japan Construction Mechanization Association Specification (JCMAS) GK," for construction

Radial Lip Crankshaft Seals for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1990

A New Antifreeze Coolant for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1990

Development of a High Performance Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil for Construction Equipment

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1997

... The appropriate SAE Member discount will be applied through the Shopping Cart process. Discou... more

Development of New Hydraulic Fluids Specifications for Construction Machinery

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005

Coolant Seal Elastomer for Diesel Engine Head Gasket

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1993

for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent ... more for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. SAE routinely stocks printed papers for a period of three years following date of publication. Direct your orders to SAE Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. Quantity reprint rates can be obtained from the Customer Sales and Satisfaction Department. To request permission to reprint a technical paper or permission to use copyrighted SAE publications in other works, contact the SAE Publications Group. GLOBAL MOBILITY DATABASE All SAE papers, standards, and selected books are abstracted and indexed in the SAE Global Mobility Database. No part of this publication may by reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Nitro-Oxidation of Lubricating Oil in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1993

Non-Black Heavy Load Multi-Purpose Grease for Construction Machine

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1996