Radiologists, however, have been slow to go beyond the description of structural changes and prov... more Radiologists, however, have been slow to go beyond the description of structural changes and provide quantitative measures of function. Further, what is needed is a method to distinguish the static and dynamic airway and parenchymal alterations exhibited in lung disease and to assess regional variations. High-resolution computed tomography is an established technique for the detailed evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma and can characterize anatomic details of the lung as small as 200 to 300 mm, which corresponds to approximately the 7th to 9th generations of the airways and lung segments (27, 31, 36, 57). The addition of volume scanning allows data to be acquired through broad regions of interest during different phases of respiration or under different physiologic conditions providing critical insights into the relationships between structure and function (6, 7, 23). For quantitative image analysis to be useful and applied clinically it needs to be easy to perform, reproducible, observer independent and offer a valid measurement of disease presence and extent by comparison with physiologic or pathologic criteria. Further imaging protocols need to be tailored to
Clinically evident interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects between 10 and 42% of the patients wit... more Clinically evident interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects between 10 and 42% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Airway involvement seems to be even more common. Most of the available evidence comes from studies performed in established RA patients. The aim of our study was to know the prevalence of non-diagnosed lung disease (airway and interstitial involvement) in patients with early RA and look for associated factors. We designed an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study, and included patients with RA of less than two years since diagnosis. We performed a structured questionnaire, HRCT and lung functional tests looking for lung disease, together with joint disease evaluation. We analyzed which variables were associated with the presence of lung disease on HRCT. We included 83 patients, 83% females. The median (IQR) of time since RA diagnosis was 3 (1–6) months. In the HRCT, 57 patients had airway compromisea (72%), and 6 had interstitial abnormalities (7.5...
Intoduction: The thoracic wall is a structure which can be complicated to evaluate with conventio... more Intoduction: The thoracic wall is a structure which can be complicated to evaluate with conventional radiology, it can be useful to detect certain bones lesi...
Tracheal disorders can create clinical and imaging challenges. They are often misdiagnosed as oth... more Tracheal disorders can create clinical and imaging challenges. They are often misdiagnosed as other pulmonary disorders. Chest radiography has low sensitivity and specificity for proper identification of tracheal disorders. Multidetector-row CT (MDCT) has the inherent advantage of being able to provide high-quality multiplanar reformations, 3D volume-rendered images, virtual bronchoscopy, and minimum intensity projections. These can serve as a roadmap for bronchoscopy or surgical planning. The most important imaging sign of tracheal disease is thickening of the tracheal wall, and the most relevant sign to be evaluated for differential diagnosis is the distribution and appearance of wall thickening. Tracheal abnormalities may be classified based on the tracheal dimensions into increased diameter or decreased diameter to reduce the differential diagnosis. Increased diameter tracheal diseases may be subclassified into diffuse or focal diseases based on the area of involvement, thereby providing a more specific diagnosis.
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Cystic lung diseases represent a broad set... more Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Cystic lung diseases represent a broad set of disorders with different causes, but all of them are characterized by multiple thin-walled parenchymal lesions. Multidetector CT (MDCT), especially high-resolution CT (HRCT), is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of these entities. Cavities and emphysema are the most common alternative diagnoses that must be differentiated from true pulmonary cysts. In this review, we discuss the most common cystic lung diseases, their physiopathology, and the CT imaging appearance, with special emphasis on the key imaging findings that are crucial in their differential diagnosis.
To compare human observers to a mathematically derived computer model for differentiation between... more To compare human observers to a mathematically derived computer model for differentiation between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules detected on baseline screening computed tomography (CT) scans. A case-cohort study design was chosen. The study group consisted of 300 chest CT scans from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST). It included all scans with proven malignancies (n = 62) and two subsets of randomly selected baseline scans with benign nodules of all sizes (n = 120) and matched in size to the cancers, respectively (n = 118). Eleven observers and the computer model (PanCan) assigned a malignancy probability score to each nodule. Performances were expressed by area under the ROC curve (AUC). Performance differences were tested using the Dorfman, Berbaum and Metz method. Seven observers assessed morphological nodule characteristics using a predefined list. Differences in morphological features between malignant and size-matched benign nodules were analyzed using chi...
Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR, 2018
The ACR Incidental Findings Committee presents recommendations for managing incidentally detected... more The ACR Incidental Findings Committee presents recommendations for managing incidentally detected mediastinal and cardiovascular findings found on CT. The Chest Subcommittee was composed of thoracic radiologists who developed the provided guidance. These recommendations represent a combination of current published evidence and expert opinion and were finalized by informal iterative consensus. The recommendations address the most commonly encountered mediastinal and cardiovascular incidental findings and are not intended to be a comprehensive review of all incidental findings associated with these compartments. Our goal is to improve the quality of care by providing guidance on how to manage incidentally detected thoracic findings.
A. flavus showed a wide range of MIC with AMB, CAS and ANID. A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. sydowii... more A. flavus showed a wide range of MIC with AMB, CAS and ANID. A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. sydowii and A. niger showed low MIC values for all the evaluated antifungal agents. AMB and VCZ were the most active agents in vitro for these group of Fusarium spp. F. solani, showed a wide range of MIC for VCZ and PCZ.
ABSTRACT PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and c... more ABSTRACT PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 2. To review the radiographic and CT manifestations of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 3. To learn useful clinical and imaging clues for diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and for directing management decisions. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Definition 2. Etiology and pathogenesis 3. Causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4. Forms (acute, subacute and chronic) 5. Clinical manifestations 6. Radiographic and CT findings 6. Pathologic correlation 7. Differential diagnosis 8. Diagnostic clues SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis represents a group of pulmonary granulomatous diseases resulting from repeated exposure to antigenic stimuli 2. Classification and causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis 3. Radiologic-pathologic correlation and helpful clues for diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
ABSTRACT LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) Define terminology and classification of small airway disease/bro... more ABSTRACT LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) Define terminology and classification of small airway disease/bronchiolitis. 2) Review common disease entities manifesting as bronchiolar disease. 3) Describe clinical and imaging clues helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. ABSTRACT Small airways disease includes a spectrum of inflammatory and fibrotic pulmonary diseases centered in and around the membranous and respiratory bronchioles. HRCT plays a important role in detection and classification of small airway disease and, when combined with clinical findings, leads to a more accurate diagnosis. The imaging manifestations may be direct and indirect signs of small airways disease and include centrilobular nodules, tree in bud pattern opacities, bronchiolectasis, bronchiolar wall thickening and mossaic attenuation that is typically exaggerated on expiratory CT (air trapping).This lecture will review normal anatomy and histology of bronchioles, and the clinical, pathologic and imaging features of small airways diseases.
Revista Americana De Medicina Respiratoria, Dec 1, 2014
Presentación del caso Manuel Giayetto: Se trata de una paciente femenina de 34 años, ex tabaquist... more Presentación del caso Manuel Giayetto: Se trata de una paciente femenina de 34 años, ex tabaquista de 1 paquete/año que consultó a guardia del Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo por un cuadro de varios meses de evolución caracterizado por tos seca y disnea progresiva hasta mMRC 2 asociada a descenso ponderal de 8 kg. Al examen físico presentaba estertores crepitantes bilaterales. Se realizó telerradiografía de tórax que puso de manifiesto opacidades de tipo alveolar bilateral confluentes con aspecto "en alas de mariposa" (ver imagen 1). Los resultados de los exámenes de laboratorio: hemograma, función renal y hepatograma fueron normales excepto por una LDH de 511 UI/l (Rango normal entre 105 y 333 UI/l). Se realizó ELISA para HIV negativo. El estado ácido base en sangre arte
There are an ever-increasing number of drugs that can cause lung disease (Foucher and Camus 2008,... more There are an ever-increasing number of drugs that can cause lung disease (Foucher and Camus 2008, Pneumotox online: the drug-induced lung diseases. See: www.pneumotox.com). Prognosis is variable from self-limiting to fast progression with potential lethal outcome. Especially for the latter, timely diagnosis and appropriate management are important. The role of imaging is eminent, given the aspecific character of clinical symptoms, the broad range of potential underlying reasons, and the potentially serious outcome. There is a broad overlap between computed tomography (CT) patterns known from interstitial lung diseases and the findings seen in drug-induced lung disease. We provide a general overview about CT patterns to be encountered in patients with drug-induced lung disease, followed by descriptions of findings related to specific drugs. A special focus lies on new molecular-targeted drugs. Aspects to consider for differential diagnosis are provided at the end of the chapter.
In the new era of functional and molecular imaging, both currently available imaging biomarkers a... more In the new era of functional and molecular imaging, both currently available imaging biomarkers and biomarkers under development are expected to lead to major changes in the management of oncological patients. This well-illustrated two-volume book is a practical manual on the various imaging techniques capable of delivering functional information on cancer, including preclinical and clinical imaging techniques, based on US, CT, MRI, PET and hybrid modalities. This first volume explains the biophysical basis for these functional imaging techniques and describes the techniques themselves. Detailed information is provided on the imaging of cancer hallmarks, including angiogenesis, tumor metabolism, and hypoxia. The techniques and their roles are then discussed individually, covering the full range of modalities in clinical use as well as new molecular and functional techniques. The value of a multiparametric approach is also carefully considered.
PURPOSE/AIM - To discuss the importance of imaging in the management of systemic vasculitis. - To... more PURPOSE/AIM - To discuss the importance of imaging in the management of systemic vasculitis. - To describe the radiologic manifestations of systemic vasculitis in the different organs/systems CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Definition and classification of vasculitis 2. Imaging methods in the study of vasculitides Ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound Computed tomography Magnetic resonance Digital substraction angiography Positron emission tomography 3. Imaging of system/organ manifestations Vascular involvement Cardiac involvement Abdominal involvement Thoracic manifestations Neurologic manifestations Musculoskeletal involvement 4. Future perspectives 5. Conclusions SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: - Imaging techniques are useful for the management and characterization of vasculitis and their systemic manifestations - Current angiographic techniques do not always allow the direct study of vascular alterations of small vessel vasculitides, although CT and MR are able to ev...
PURPOSE/AIM 1. To review the spectrum of different local and systemic disorders that affect the t... more PURPOSE/AIM 1. To review the spectrum of different local and systemic disorders that affect the thoracic spine. 2. To illustrate the chest radiographic findings associated with such conditions and the role of cross-sectional imaging. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Introduction 2. Classification 2.1 Congenital (scoliosis, congenital pedicle absence, fusion vertebral bodies,etc) 2.2 Degenerative 2.3 Infectious 2.4 Metabolic (osteogenesis imperfecta, hyperparathyroidism, osteopetrosis, sickle cell anemia, Paget’s disease, ankylosis spondylitis,etc) 2.5 Neoplastic (primary and secondary) 2.6 Traumatic 3. Helpful radiographic, CT and MR manifestations and clinical clues for narrowing differential diagnosis will be reviewed en each section SUMMARY 1.A wide variety of disorders affect the thoracic spine and can be detected on routine chest radiography. 2.Classification and causes. 3.Recognition and knowledge of the spectrum of these manifestations can be helpful in suggesting a diagnosis and dire...
HTML The tree-in-bud pattern on thin-section CT is defined as a form of bronchiolar impaction in ... more HTML The tree-in-bud pattern on thin-section CT is defined as a form of bronchiolar impaction in which branching linear structures have more than one contiguous branching site. This pattern was first described in cases of endobronchial spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but has since been reported with a number of entities including infections (viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal agents), aspiration, neoplastic pulmonary emboli, inmunologic disorders, congenital disorders, idiopathic causes (panbronchiolitis, obliterative bronchioloitis). In this exhibit, we review the most important entities that can manifest with the tree in bud pattern on thin-section CT. Where appropriate, we will emphasize the pathologic basis for this appearance. Helpful clues for appropriately narrowing the differential diagnosis and for directing patient management will also be discussed. 1.The learner will be able to recall the most common entities manifesting with the tree-in-bud pattern on thin-sect...
Lung cancer is a common malignancy and an estimated 228,190 new cases will be diagnosed in the US... more Lung cancer is a common malignancy and an estimated 228,190 new cases will be diagnosed in the USA in 2013 (American Cancer Society www.cancer.org). Imaging has an important role in the detection, diagnosis, and staging of the disease as well as in assessing response to therapy and monitoring for recurrence after treatment. This chapter will emphasize the appropriate use of positron emission tomography (PET-CT) in the management of patients with lung cancer and will briefly review new techniques that can be used to evaluate patients with lung cancer such as perfusion CT and functional MRI.
PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and chronic fo... more PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 2. To review the radiographic and CT manifestations of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 3. To learn useful clinical and imaging clues for diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and for directing management decisions. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Definition 2. Etiology and pathogenesis 3. Causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4. Forms (acute, subacute and chronic) 5. Clinical manifestations 6. Radiographic and CT findings 6. Pathologic correlation 7. Differential diagnosis 8. Diagnostic clues SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis represents a group of pulmonary granulomatous diseases resulting from repeated exposure to antigenic stimuli 2. Classification and causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis 3. Radiologic-pathologic correlation and helpful clues for diagnosis of hyperse...
Radiologists, however, have been slow to go beyond the description of structural changes and prov... more Radiologists, however, have been slow to go beyond the description of structural changes and provide quantitative measures of function. Further, what is needed is a method to distinguish the static and dynamic airway and parenchymal alterations exhibited in lung disease and to assess regional variations. High-resolution computed tomography is an established technique for the detailed evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma and can characterize anatomic details of the lung as small as 200 to 300 mm, which corresponds to approximately the 7th to 9th generations of the airways and lung segments (27, 31, 36, 57). The addition of volume scanning allows data to be acquired through broad regions of interest during different phases of respiration or under different physiologic conditions providing critical insights into the relationships between structure and function (6, 7, 23). For quantitative image analysis to be useful and applied clinically it needs to be easy to perform, reproducible, observer independent and offer a valid measurement of disease presence and extent by comparison with physiologic or pathologic criteria. Further imaging protocols need to be tailored to
Clinically evident interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects between 10 and 42% of the patients wit... more Clinically evident interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects between 10 and 42% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Airway involvement seems to be even more common. Most of the available evidence comes from studies performed in established RA patients. The aim of our study was to know the prevalence of non-diagnosed lung disease (airway and interstitial involvement) in patients with early RA and look for associated factors. We designed an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study, and included patients with RA of less than two years since diagnosis. We performed a structured questionnaire, HRCT and lung functional tests looking for lung disease, together with joint disease evaluation. We analyzed which variables were associated with the presence of lung disease on HRCT. We included 83 patients, 83% females. The median (IQR) of time since RA diagnosis was 3 (1–6) months. In the HRCT, 57 patients had airway compromisea (72%), and 6 had interstitial abnormalities (7.5...
Intoduction: The thoracic wall is a structure which can be complicated to evaluate with conventio... more Intoduction: The thoracic wall is a structure which can be complicated to evaluate with conventional radiology, it can be useful to detect certain bones lesi...
Tracheal disorders can create clinical and imaging challenges. They are often misdiagnosed as oth... more Tracheal disorders can create clinical and imaging challenges. They are often misdiagnosed as other pulmonary disorders. Chest radiography has low sensitivity and specificity for proper identification of tracheal disorders. Multidetector-row CT (MDCT) has the inherent advantage of being able to provide high-quality multiplanar reformations, 3D volume-rendered images, virtual bronchoscopy, and minimum intensity projections. These can serve as a roadmap for bronchoscopy or surgical planning. The most important imaging sign of tracheal disease is thickening of the tracheal wall, and the most relevant sign to be evaluated for differential diagnosis is the distribution and appearance of wall thickening. Tracheal abnormalities may be classified based on the tracheal dimensions into increased diameter or decreased diameter to reduce the differential diagnosis. Increased diameter tracheal diseases may be subclassified into diffuse or focal diseases based on the area of involvement, thereby providing a more specific diagnosis.
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Cystic lung diseases represent a broad set... more Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Cystic lung diseases represent a broad set of disorders with different causes, but all of them are characterized by multiple thin-walled parenchymal lesions. Multidetector CT (MDCT), especially high-resolution CT (HRCT), is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis and follow-up of these entities. Cavities and emphysema are the most common alternative diagnoses that must be differentiated from true pulmonary cysts. In this review, we discuss the most common cystic lung diseases, their physiopathology, and the CT imaging appearance, with special emphasis on the key imaging findings that are crucial in their differential diagnosis.
To compare human observers to a mathematically derived computer model for differentiation between... more To compare human observers to a mathematically derived computer model for differentiation between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules detected on baseline screening computed tomography (CT) scans. A case-cohort study design was chosen. The study group consisted of 300 chest CT scans from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST). It included all scans with proven malignancies (n = 62) and two subsets of randomly selected baseline scans with benign nodules of all sizes (n = 120) and matched in size to the cancers, respectively (n = 118). Eleven observers and the computer model (PanCan) assigned a malignancy probability score to each nodule. Performances were expressed by area under the ROC curve (AUC). Performance differences were tested using the Dorfman, Berbaum and Metz method. Seven observers assessed morphological nodule characteristics using a predefined list. Differences in morphological features between malignant and size-matched benign nodules were analyzed using chi...
Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR, 2018
The ACR Incidental Findings Committee presents recommendations for managing incidentally detected... more The ACR Incidental Findings Committee presents recommendations for managing incidentally detected mediastinal and cardiovascular findings found on CT. The Chest Subcommittee was composed of thoracic radiologists who developed the provided guidance. These recommendations represent a combination of current published evidence and expert opinion and were finalized by informal iterative consensus. The recommendations address the most commonly encountered mediastinal and cardiovascular incidental findings and are not intended to be a comprehensive review of all incidental findings associated with these compartments. Our goal is to improve the quality of care by providing guidance on how to manage incidentally detected thoracic findings.
A. flavus showed a wide range of MIC with AMB, CAS and ANID. A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. sydowii... more A. flavus showed a wide range of MIC with AMB, CAS and ANID. A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. sydowii and A. niger showed low MIC values for all the evaluated antifungal agents. AMB and VCZ were the most active agents in vitro for these group of Fusarium spp. F. solani, showed a wide range of MIC for VCZ and PCZ.
ABSTRACT PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and c... more ABSTRACT PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 2. To review the radiographic and CT manifestations of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 3. To learn useful clinical and imaging clues for diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and for directing management decisions. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Definition 2. Etiology and pathogenesis 3. Causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4. Forms (acute, subacute and chronic) 5. Clinical manifestations 6. Radiographic and CT findings 6. Pathologic correlation 7. Differential diagnosis 8. Diagnostic clues SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis represents a group of pulmonary granulomatous diseases resulting from repeated exposure to antigenic stimuli 2. Classification and causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis 3. Radiologic-pathologic correlation and helpful clues for diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
ABSTRACT LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) Define terminology and classification of small airway disease/bro... more ABSTRACT LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) Define terminology and classification of small airway disease/bronchiolitis. 2) Review common disease entities manifesting as bronchiolar disease. 3) Describe clinical and imaging clues helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. ABSTRACT Small airways disease includes a spectrum of inflammatory and fibrotic pulmonary diseases centered in and around the membranous and respiratory bronchioles. HRCT plays a important role in detection and classification of small airway disease and, when combined with clinical findings, leads to a more accurate diagnosis. The imaging manifestations may be direct and indirect signs of small airways disease and include centrilobular nodules, tree in bud pattern opacities, bronchiolectasis, bronchiolar wall thickening and mossaic attenuation that is typically exaggerated on expiratory CT (air trapping).This lecture will review normal anatomy and histology of bronchioles, and the clinical, pathologic and imaging features of small airways diseases.
Revista Americana De Medicina Respiratoria, Dec 1, 2014
Presentación del caso Manuel Giayetto: Se trata de una paciente femenina de 34 años, ex tabaquist... more Presentación del caso Manuel Giayetto: Se trata de una paciente femenina de 34 años, ex tabaquista de 1 paquete/año que consultó a guardia del Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo por un cuadro de varios meses de evolución caracterizado por tos seca y disnea progresiva hasta mMRC 2 asociada a descenso ponderal de 8 kg. Al examen físico presentaba estertores crepitantes bilaterales. Se realizó telerradiografía de tórax que puso de manifiesto opacidades de tipo alveolar bilateral confluentes con aspecto "en alas de mariposa" (ver imagen 1). Los resultados de los exámenes de laboratorio: hemograma, función renal y hepatograma fueron normales excepto por una LDH de 511 UI/l (Rango normal entre 105 y 333 UI/l). Se realizó ELISA para HIV negativo. El estado ácido base en sangre arte
There are an ever-increasing number of drugs that can cause lung disease (Foucher and Camus 2008,... more There are an ever-increasing number of drugs that can cause lung disease (Foucher and Camus 2008, Pneumotox online: the drug-induced lung diseases. See: www.pneumotox.com). Prognosis is variable from self-limiting to fast progression with potential lethal outcome. Especially for the latter, timely diagnosis and appropriate management are important. The role of imaging is eminent, given the aspecific character of clinical symptoms, the broad range of potential underlying reasons, and the potentially serious outcome. There is a broad overlap between computed tomography (CT) patterns known from interstitial lung diseases and the findings seen in drug-induced lung disease. We provide a general overview about CT patterns to be encountered in patients with drug-induced lung disease, followed by descriptions of findings related to specific drugs. A special focus lies on new molecular-targeted drugs. Aspects to consider for differential diagnosis are provided at the end of the chapter.
In the new era of functional and molecular imaging, both currently available imaging biomarkers a... more In the new era of functional and molecular imaging, both currently available imaging biomarkers and biomarkers under development are expected to lead to major changes in the management of oncological patients. This well-illustrated two-volume book is a practical manual on the various imaging techniques capable of delivering functional information on cancer, including preclinical and clinical imaging techniques, based on US, CT, MRI, PET and hybrid modalities. This first volume explains the biophysical basis for these functional imaging techniques and describes the techniques themselves. Detailed information is provided on the imaging of cancer hallmarks, including angiogenesis, tumor metabolism, and hypoxia. The techniques and their roles are then discussed individually, covering the full range of modalities in clinical use as well as new molecular and functional techniques. The value of a multiparametric approach is also carefully considered.
PURPOSE/AIM - To discuss the importance of imaging in the management of systemic vasculitis. - To... more PURPOSE/AIM - To discuss the importance of imaging in the management of systemic vasculitis. - To describe the radiologic manifestations of systemic vasculitis in the different organs/systems CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Definition and classification of vasculitis 2. Imaging methods in the study of vasculitides Ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound Computed tomography Magnetic resonance Digital substraction angiography Positron emission tomography 3. Imaging of system/organ manifestations Vascular involvement Cardiac involvement Abdominal involvement Thoracic manifestations Neurologic manifestations Musculoskeletal involvement 4. Future perspectives 5. Conclusions SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: - Imaging techniques are useful for the management and characterization of vasculitis and their systemic manifestations - Current angiographic techniques do not always allow the direct study of vascular alterations of small vessel vasculitides, although CT and MR are able to ev...
PURPOSE/AIM 1. To review the spectrum of different local and systemic disorders that affect the t... more PURPOSE/AIM 1. To review the spectrum of different local and systemic disorders that affect the thoracic spine. 2. To illustrate the chest radiographic findings associated with such conditions and the role of cross-sectional imaging. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Introduction 2. Classification 2.1 Congenital (scoliosis, congenital pedicle absence, fusion vertebral bodies,etc) 2.2 Degenerative 2.3 Infectious 2.4 Metabolic (osteogenesis imperfecta, hyperparathyroidism, osteopetrosis, sickle cell anemia, Paget’s disease, ankylosis spondylitis,etc) 2.5 Neoplastic (primary and secondary) 2.6 Traumatic 3. Helpful radiographic, CT and MR manifestations and clinical clues for narrowing differential diagnosis will be reviewed en each section SUMMARY 1.A wide variety of disorders affect the thoracic spine and can be detected on routine chest radiography. 2.Classification and causes. 3.Recognition and knowledge of the spectrum of these manifestations can be helpful in suggesting a diagnosis and dire...
HTML The tree-in-bud pattern on thin-section CT is defined as a form of bronchiolar impaction in ... more HTML The tree-in-bud pattern on thin-section CT is defined as a form of bronchiolar impaction in which branching linear structures have more than one contiguous branching site. This pattern was first described in cases of endobronchial spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but has since been reported with a number of entities including infections (viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal agents), aspiration, neoplastic pulmonary emboli, inmunologic disorders, congenital disorders, idiopathic causes (panbronchiolitis, obliterative bronchioloitis). In this exhibit, we review the most important entities that can manifest with the tree in bud pattern on thin-section CT. Where appropriate, we will emphasize the pathologic basis for this appearance. Helpful clues for appropriately narrowing the differential diagnosis and for directing patient management will also be discussed. 1.The learner will be able to recall the most common entities manifesting with the tree-in-bud pattern on thin-sect...
Lung cancer is a common malignancy and an estimated 228,190 new cases will be diagnosed in the US... more Lung cancer is a common malignancy and an estimated 228,190 new cases will be diagnosed in the USA in 2013 (American Cancer Society www.cancer.org). Imaging has an important role in the detection, diagnosis, and staging of the disease as well as in assessing response to therapy and monitoring for recurrence after treatment. This chapter will emphasize the appropriate use of positron emission tomography (PET-CT) in the management of patients with lung cancer and will briefly review new techniques that can be used to evaluate patients with lung cancer such as perfusion CT and functional MRI.
PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and chronic fo... more PURPOSE/AIM 1. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 2. To review the radiographic and CT manifestations of acute, subacute and chronic forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 3. To learn useful clinical and imaging clues for diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and for directing management decisions. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1. Definition 2. Etiology and pathogenesis 3. Causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4. Forms (acute, subacute and chronic) 5. Clinical manifestations 6. Radiographic and CT findings 6. Pathologic correlation 7. Differential diagnosis 8. Diagnostic clues SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis represents a group of pulmonary granulomatous diseases resulting from repeated exposure to antigenic stimuli 2. Classification and causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis 3. Radiologic-pathologic correlation and helpful clues for diagnosis of hyperse...
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