formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'... more formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'orientation de l'action organisationnelle. Le thème de la communication a marqué les années quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analysé le processus de communication, sans exploiter à fond le rôle de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L'objet de cet article est de développer la recherche en gestion stratégique interprétée comme discours qui nourrit la pensée et l'action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous découvrons les relations entre logiques et rhétoriques du discours organisationnel et nous démontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par des séquences de pensées et d'actions, dont le médium est toujours conversationnel. La dialogique devient alors la méthode privilégiée d'intervention pour le changement stratégique. Dans ses conclusions, l'article touche la question de la recherche -action dans la gestion des processus de changement.
This article elaborates on the need for a sub-field of ‘Strategic Thinking’ as the science explor... more This article elaborates on the need for a sub-field of ‘Strategic Thinking’ as the science exploring the hidden side of strategy emergence. The site of our exploration is the discourse. We will investigate the intersystemic link between self-reflection and communication embedded in discourses among strategists for paradigm deconstruction and reconstruction. The rationale for a sub-field of Strategic Thinking is related to applying new research ‘technologies’. By engaging in action-research, researchers can observe self-reflection as embedded participants and super-observers. A pluralist perspective on self-reflection, as well as transformative competencies and attitudes will allow intentionality to regain a foundational role in knowledge-invention.
This work provides practical impetus to Giddens’ structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit as... more This work provides practical impetus to Giddens’ structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit assumption that organizations’ states of affairs are given, abstract, and external to the “duality of structure”. Assuming instead that, like rules and resources, states of affairs enter history, as local situated matters of concern (MoC), I will show how structuration greatly enhances the intelligibility of organization doing. Above all, it will also reveal that structuration can contemplate change as stemming also from the variability provided by the experience at hand. Within such premises, I will undertake empirical research by exploring the Italian Government’s failure to sell Alitalia shares and bonds owned by the Treasure Ministry. Such story will allow a first attempt to observe closely the microprocesses of organizing and strategizing. In doing so, I draw on De Cork and Sharp’s suggestion to follow an anti-interpretive movement rather than extract generalizable theories (2007). Th...
formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'... more formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'orientation de l'action organisationnelle. Le thème de la communication a marqué les années quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analysé le processus de communication, sans exploiter à fond le rôle de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L'objet de cet article est de développer la recherche en gestion stratégique interprétée comme discours qui nourrit la pensée et l'action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous découvrons les relations entre logiques et rhétoriques du discours organisationnel et nous démontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par des séquences de pensées et d'actions, dont le médium est toujours conversationnel. La dialogique devient alors la méthode privilégiée d'intervention pour le changement stratégique. Dans ses conclusions, l'article touche la question de la recherche -action dans la gestion des processus de changement.
This work analyzes entrepreneurship literature to show the inconsistency of exploring change with... more This work analyzes entrepreneurship literature to show the inconsistency of exploring change within the means-ends schema. It rejects the viewpoint that opportunities are unseen objects of the environment while suggesting to root the process of entrepreneuring in pragmatism. Opportunities then are defined as the life experience of ‘creating the problem’. Drawing on Mead, this work rejects the dualisms of subjects and objects by including subjectivity in Darwin’s sensorymotor learning. Drawing on Joas’ pragmatism, instead it assumes that the problem which enacts interaction is not given, but defined as a subjective pre-reflective goal. We claim that the definition of the problem is the core issue of entrepreneurship, but also that Joas’ pre-reflective goals are only a partial way to define the problem. Drawing on Shotter’s practical hermeneutics, therefore it explores this process as experience embedded in the subject’s background and oriented by an imaginary and a horizon. By drawin...
The idea of Modernism as a drive for scientific innovation is currently being challenged. Alterna... more The idea of Modernism as a drive for scientific innovation is currently being challenged. Alternative ways of thinking are explored to deal with scientific innovation. The process often starts with deconstructing modernism as a premise for a search of perspectives on change and transformation. Rationales for such turnaround are addressed from many sciences, such postmodernism (Derrida, 1973, 1978, 1981, 1982), complexity (Stacey, Griffin and Shaw, 2000; Stacey, 2001) and anthropology (Latour, 1991). By deconstructing the metaphysics of presence, Derrida overturns the idea that science is rooted in the observations of facts, as simple, homogeneous and self-conscious origins of truths. Besides, by asserting the very impossibility of language to represent reality, he advances that discourses are continuously re-created by way of differance. In management theory it is possible to show that deconstruction is a sound way to move from a perspective of continuity to a perspective of transfo...
La relation entre pensee et action strategique a fait l’objet de plusieurs contributions dans le ... more La relation entre pensee et action strategique a fait l’objet de plusieurs contributions dans le domaine de la strategie et de l’organisation (Mintzberg 1990,1991 et 1996, Quinn 1980, Martinet 1993). D’autres articles (Morin 1989 e 1991, Le Moigne 1987 e 1995, Avenier 1992 e 1997, Martinet 1990, Colombo 1991) formulent le projet epistemologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisee a l’orientation de l’action organisationnelle. Le theme de la communication a marque les annees quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analyse le processus de communication, sans exploiter a fond le role de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L’objet de cet article est de developper la recherche en gestion strategique interpretee comme discours qui nourrit la pensee et l’action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous decouvrons les relations entre logiques et rhetoriques du discours organisationnel et nous demontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par ...
This work provides practical impetus to Giddens' structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit as... more This work provides practical impetus to Giddens' structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit assumption that organizations' states of affairs are given, abstract, and external to the "duality of structure". Assuming instead that, like rules and resources, states of affairs enter history, as local situated matters of concern (MoC), I will show how structuration greatly enhances the intelligibility of organization doing. Above all, it will also reveal that structuration can contemplate change as stemming also from the variability provided by the experience at hand. Within such premises, I will undertake empirical research by exploring the Italian Government's failure to sell Alitalia shares and bonds owned by the Treasure Ministry. Such story will allow a first attempt to observe closely the microprocesses of organizing and strategizing. In doing so, I draw on De Cork and Sharp's suggestion to follow an anti-interpretive movement rather than extract generalizable theories (2007). Thus, I will use data as reminders (247) and tell about Alitalia micro activities in order to challenge meanings, while exploring "unrealized possibilities within [reality]" (247). By analyzing these reminding data, I will also explore Shotter's claim that organizing and strategizing occur as the "action guiding" function of subsidiary awareness (AGSA) (2005). Empirical research on Alitalia microprocesses will be the opportunity to embed life experience in Giddens' structuration. However, I will first discuss how "the duality of structure" changes when adding to 'virtual' structures and fields, 'virtual' dimensions of phenomenology, such as strategies and Wittgensteinian teleoaffectivity. This theoretical commitment is consistent with Giddens' attempt to overcome dualism by encompassing structuralism as well as Heidegger's phenomenology, though in the end structuralism prevails, thus generating structuration internal inconsistencies. This theoretical discussion will prepare the way for the step ahead of studying instantiation as materially situated in life experience. By adding phenomena to the subjective human power to do otherwise the "duality of structure" will be able to account for action embedded in Quaderno del Dipartimento di Economia aziendale N° 1/2009 12266 Adding Life Experience in Giddens' Structuration and Providing it with Empirical Style 2 established organizational practices, as well as for action bound by teleoaffectivity. Thus, structuration will encompass more variability and the possibility to account for continuity as well as for change. This theoretical change then will allow the removal of structuration overintellectualization and the very possibility to explore how this duality works when dealing with life experience. More phenomenology will take care of structuration inner inconsistencies and reject claims against the primacy of microprocesses of instantiation over structures, fields, strategies, teleoaffectivity, and arenas. By accounting for life experience, structuration will embed the variability of daily interaction among independent actors gathering around local, practical, and evolving matters of concern (MoCs). To sustain the view that structuration is a perspective of both practice and change, I will take Schatzi Wittgensteinian arguments about the practices-action stratification. Beyond Schatzi conclusions, I will advance Shotter's claim for a "dialogical, chiasmic action" (Shotter, 2005), consistent with a possible empirical style of research within structuration. I will also draw from Dreyfus and Spinosa's Heideggerian arguments about deflationary realism to provide arguments for practices' change in changing situations (1999). In dealing with structuration inner inconsistencies, I will oppose critical realism (Bates, 2006; Archer) and institutionalism claims about structure and action conflation in instantiation. My main argument will be that most views on structuration remain biased since they are rooted in the Hegelian difference, which excludes the possibility to explore contradictions. I will argue then that the third place of instantiation draws instead its legitimacy from the post modern phenomenology, which thinks of a middle place of practice and mediation, where the abstraction of 'putative' dimension is overcome by processes materially situated. Critical realism instead accounts only for abstract change mechanisms un-related to reality. Practice then remains out of its reach. Similar issues arise within institutionalism. Quaderno del Dipartimento di Economia aziendale N° 1/2009 12266 Adding Life Experience in Giddens' Structuration and Providing it with Empirical Style 3 Adding more phenomenology, the work going on in the middle place can no longer be the mere reproduction of organizational practices and structures. Instead, it will encompass the realization of a state of affair which is no longer given, but a binding dimension, which compete a binding structure in providing the "duality of structure" with variability and therefore with the possibility for change. Within this theoretical frame, I will discuss some methodological roots consistent with a phenomenological view of structuration which will prepare the way to explore life experience. Dreyfus and Spinosa will suggest that Heidegger's occurrentness can be explored by making established practice a temporary way to access strangeness attributes complemented by a research process. De Cork and Sharp (2007) point to the relevance of exploring life experience as a dialectical tension between what actually happened and what appears to be happened. They suggest researchers to engage in an anti-interpretive work by becoming sensitive to what is outside researchers' presence. Both authors suggest researchers to stay close to immanence without crossing reality diagonally, but widening and deepening its unseen meaning by navigating through all given achievements, whether they belong to the past or the future or are outside the research frame. Shotter ( ) instead provides the Wittgensteinian focus on how previous events move actions ahead. As De Cork and Sharp assumes what really happens often depends on something that it is unseen. For these authors the unseen is often outside the research site. Instead, Shotter singles out that often the unnoticed is actually present. Shotter therefore claims that what moves events after events are some kind of focal (seen) awareness of the need to go on, but also an "actions guiding subsidiary awareness". He then makes the point that it is important to see this awareness in order to attribute deep and wide meanings to life experience. Within the phenomenal view of structuration this kind of awareness becomes a 'virtual' action binding real action (ABSA). With this few guiding methodology, I will immerse into the empirical research of how the tender for privatize the Italian carrier Alitalia went on from December 2006 to July 2008.
formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'... more formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'orientation de l'action organisationnelle. Le thème de la communication a marqué les années quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analysé le processus de communication, sans exploiter à fond le rôle de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L'objet de cet article est de développer la recherche en gestion stratégique interprétée comme discours qui nourrit la pensée et l'action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous découvrons les relations entre logiques et rhétoriques du discours organisationnel et nous démontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par des séquences de pensées et d'actions, dont le médium est toujours conversationnel. La dialogique devient alors la méthode privilégiée d'intervention pour le changement stratégique. Dans ses conclusions, l'article touche la question de la recherche-action dans la gestion des processus de changement.
formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'... more formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'orientation de l'action organisationnelle. Le thème de la communication a marqué les années quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analysé le processus de communication, sans exploiter à fond le rôle de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L'objet de cet article est de développer la recherche en gestion stratégique interprétée comme discours qui nourrit la pensée et l'action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous découvrons les relations entre logiques et rhétoriques du discours organisationnel et nous démontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par des séquences de pensées et d'actions, dont le médium est toujours conversationnel. La dialogique devient alors la méthode privilégiée d'intervention pour le changement stratégique. Dans ses conclusions, l'article touche la question de la recherche -action dans la gestion des processus de changement.
This article elaborates on the need for a sub-field of ‘Strategic Thinking’ as the science explor... more This article elaborates on the need for a sub-field of ‘Strategic Thinking’ as the science exploring the hidden side of strategy emergence. The site of our exploration is the discourse. We will investigate the intersystemic link between self-reflection and communication embedded in discourses among strategists for paradigm deconstruction and reconstruction. The rationale for a sub-field of Strategic Thinking is related to applying new research ‘technologies’. By engaging in action-research, researchers can observe self-reflection as embedded participants and super-observers. A pluralist perspective on self-reflection, as well as transformative competencies and attitudes will allow intentionality to regain a foundational role in knowledge-invention.
This work provides practical impetus to Giddens’ structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit as... more This work provides practical impetus to Giddens’ structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit assumption that organizations’ states of affairs are given, abstract, and external to the “duality of structure”. Assuming instead that, like rules and resources, states of affairs enter history, as local situated matters of concern (MoC), I will show how structuration greatly enhances the intelligibility of organization doing. Above all, it will also reveal that structuration can contemplate change as stemming also from the variability provided by the experience at hand. Within such premises, I will undertake empirical research by exploring the Italian Government’s failure to sell Alitalia shares and bonds owned by the Treasure Ministry. Such story will allow a first attempt to observe closely the microprocesses of organizing and strategizing. In doing so, I draw on De Cork and Sharp’s suggestion to follow an anti-interpretive movement rather than extract generalizable theories (2007). Th...
formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'... more formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'orientation de l'action organisationnelle. Le thème de la communication a marqué les années quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analysé le processus de communication, sans exploiter à fond le rôle de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L'objet de cet article est de développer la recherche en gestion stratégique interprétée comme discours qui nourrit la pensée et l'action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous découvrons les relations entre logiques et rhétoriques du discours organisationnel et nous démontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par des séquences de pensées et d'actions, dont le médium est toujours conversationnel. La dialogique devient alors la méthode privilégiée d'intervention pour le changement stratégique. Dans ses conclusions, l'article touche la question de la recherche -action dans la gestion des processus de changement.
This work analyzes entrepreneurship literature to show the inconsistency of exploring change with... more This work analyzes entrepreneurship literature to show the inconsistency of exploring change within the means-ends schema. It rejects the viewpoint that opportunities are unseen objects of the environment while suggesting to root the process of entrepreneuring in pragmatism. Opportunities then are defined as the life experience of ‘creating the problem’. Drawing on Mead, this work rejects the dualisms of subjects and objects by including subjectivity in Darwin’s sensorymotor learning. Drawing on Joas’ pragmatism, instead it assumes that the problem which enacts interaction is not given, but defined as a subjective pre-reflective goal. We claim that the definition of the problem is the core issue of entrepreneurship, but also that Joas’ pre-reflective goals are only a partial way to define the problem. Drawing on Shotter’s practical hermeneutics, therefore it explores this process as experience embedded in the subject’s background and oriented by an imaginary and a horizon. By drawin...
The idea of Modernism as a drive for scientific innovation is currently being challenged. Alterna... more The idea of Modernism as a drive for scientific innovation is currently being challenged. Alternative ways of thinking are explored to deal with scientific innovation. The process often starts with deconstructing modernism as a premise for a search of perspectives on change and transformation. Rationales for such turnaround are addressed from many sciences, such postmodernism (Derrida, 1973, 1978, 1981, 1982), complexity (Stacey, Griffin and Shaw, 2000; Stacey, 2001) and anthropology (Latour, 1991). By deconstructing the metaphysics of presence, Derrida overturns the idea that science is rooted in the observations of facts, as simple, homogeneous and self-conscious origins of truths. Besides, by asserting the very impossibility of language to represent reality, he advances that discourses are continuously re-created by way of differance. In management theory it is possible to show that deconstruction is a sound way to move from a perspective of continuity to a perspective of transfo...
La relation entre pensee et action strategique a fait l’objet de plusieurs contributions dans le ... more La relation entre pensee et action strategique a fait l’objet de plusieurs contributions dans le domaine de la strategie et de l’organisation (Mintzberg 1990,1991 et 1996, Quinn 1980, Martinet 1993). D’autres articles (Morin 1989 e 1991, Le Moigne 1987 e 1995, Avenier 1992 e 1997, Martinet 1990, Colombo 1991) formulent le projet epistemologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisee a l’orientation de l’action organisationnelle. Le theme de la communication a marque les annees quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analyse le processus de communication, sans exploiter a fond le role de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L’objet de cet article est de developper la recherche en gestion strategique interpretee comme discours qui nourrit la pensee et l’action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous decouvrons les relations entre logiques et rhetoriques du discours organisationnel et nous demontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par ...
This work provides practical impetus to Giddens' structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit as... more This work provides practical impetus to Giddens' structuration. To do so, it drop the implicit assumption that organizations' states of affairs are given, abstract, and external to the "duality of structure". Assuming instead that, like rules and resources, states of affairs enter history, as local situated matters of concern (MoC), I will show how structuration greatly enhances the intelligibility of organization doing. Above all, it will also reveal that structuration can contemplate change as stemming also from the variability provided by the experience at hand. Within such premises, I will undertake empirical research by exploring the Italian Government's failure to sell Alitalia shares and bonds owned by the Treasure Ministry. Such story will allow a first attempt to observe closely the microprocesses of organizing and strategizing. In doing so, I draw on De Cork and Sharp's suggestion to follow an anti-interpretive movement rather than extract generalizable theories (2007). Thus, I will use data as reminders (247) and tell about Alitalia micro activities in order to challenge meanings, while exploring "unrealized possibilities within [reality]" (247). By analyzing these reminding data, I will also explore Shotter's claim that organizing and strategizing occur as the "action guiding" function of subsidiary awareness (AGSA) (2005). Empirical research on Alitalia microprocesses will be the opportunity to embed life experience in Giddens' structuration. However, I will first discuss how "the duality of structure" changes when adding to 'virtual' structures and fields, 'virtual' dimensions of phenomenology, such as strategies and Wittgensteinian teleoaffectivity. This theoretical commitment is consistent with Giddens' attempt to overcome dualism by encompassing structuralism as well as Heidegger's phenomenology, though in the end structuralism prevails, thus generating structuration internal inconsistencies. This theoretical discussion will prepare the way for the step ahead of studying instantiation as materially situated in life experience. By adding phenomena to the subjective human power to do otherwise the "duality of structure" will be able to account for action embedded in Quaderno del Dipartimento di Economia aziendale N° 1/2009 12266 Adding Life Experience in Giddens' Structuration and Providing it with Empirical Style 2 established organizational practices, as well as for action bound by teleoaffectivity. Thus, structuration will encompass more variability and the possibility to account for continuity as well as for change. This theoretical change then will allow the removal of structuration overintellectualization and the very possibility to explore how this duality works when dealing with life experience. More phenomenology will take care of structuration inner inconsistencies and reject claims against the primacy of microprocesses of instantiation over structures, fields, strategies, teleoaffectivity, and arenas. By accounting for life experience, structuration will embed the variability of daily interaction among independent actors gathering around local, practical, and evolving matters of concern (MoCs). To sustain the view that structuration is a perspective of both practice and change, I will take Schatzi Wittgensteinian arguments about the practices-action stratification. Beyond Schatzi conclusions, I will advance Shotter's claim for a "dialogical, chiasmic action" (Shotter, 2005), consistent with a possible empirical style of research within structuration. I will also draw from Dreyfus and Spinosa's Heideggerian arguments about deflationary realism to provide arguments for practices' change in changing situations (1999). In dealing with structuration inner inconsistencies, I will oppose critical realism (Bates, 2006; Archer) and institutionalism claims about structure and action conflation in instantiation. My main argument will be that most views on structuration remain biased since they are rooted in the Hegelian difference, which excludes the possibility to explore contradictions. I will argue then that the third place of instantiation draws instead its legitimacy from the post modern phenomenology, which thinks of a middle place of practice and mediation, where the abstraction of 'putative' dimension is overcome by processes materially situated. Critical realism instead accounts only for abstract change mechanisms un-related to reality. Practice then remains out of its reach. Similar issues arise within institutionalism. Quaderno del Dipartimento di Economia aziendale N° 1/2009 12266 Adding Life Experience in Giddens' Structuration and Providing it with Empirical Style 3 Adding more phenomenology, the work going on in the middle place can no longer be the mere reproduction of organizational practices and structures. Instead, it will encompass the realization of a state of affair which is no longer given, but a binding dimension, which compete a binding structure in providing the "duality of structure" with variability and therefore with the possibility for change. Within this theoretical frame, I will discuss some methodological roots consistent with a phenomenological view of structuration which will prepare the way to explore life experience. Dreyfus and Spinosa will suggest that Heidegger's occurrentness can be explored by making established practice a temporary way to access strangeness attributes complemented by a research process. De Cork and Sharp (2007) point to the relevance of exploring life experience as a dialectical tension between what actually happened and what appears to be happened. They suggest researchers to engage in an anti-interpretive work by becoming sensitive to what is outside researchers' presence. Both authors suggest researchers to stay close to immanence without crossing reality diagonally, but widening and deepening its unseen meaning by navigating through all given achievements, whether they belong to the past or the future or are outside the research frame. Shotter ( ) instead provides the Wittgensteinian focus on how previous events move actions ahead. As De Cork and Sharp assumes what really happens often depends on something that it is unseen. For these authors the unseen is often outside the research site. Instead, Shotter singles out that often the unnoticed is actually present. Shotter therefore claims that what moves events after events are some kind of focal (seen) awareness of the need to go on, but also an "actions guiding subsidiary awareness". He then makes the point that it is important to see this awareness in order to attribute deep and wide meanings to life experience. Within the phenomenal view of structuration this kind of awareness becomes a 'virtual' action binding real action (ABSA). With this few guiding methodology, I will immerse into the empirical research of how the tender for privatize the Italian carrier Alitalia went on from December 2006 to July 2008.
formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'... more formulent le projet épistémologique de questionner la formation de la connaissance finalisée à l'orientation de l'action organisationnelle. Le thème de la communication a marqué les années quatre-vingt, mais la plupart des travaux ont analysé le processus de communication, sans exploiter à fond le rôle de la parole dans la vie des organisations. L'objet de cet article est de développer la recherche en gestion stratégique interprétée comme discours qui nourrit la pensée et l'action des organisations. Au centre de la recherche, nous découvrons les relations entre logiques et rhétoriques du discours organisationnel et nous démontrons que les entreprises se forment et changent par des séquences de pensées et d'actions, dont le médium est toujours conversationnel. La dialogique devient alors la méthode privilégiée d'intervention pour le changement stratégique. Dans ses conclusions, l'article touche la question de la recherche-action dans la gestion des processus de changement.
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