This paper describes the entire methodology for the development of a scale to measure Attitude to... more This paper describes the entire methodology for the development of a scale to measure Attitude towards Open Educational Resources (ATOER). Traditionally, it is observed that some teachers are more willing to share their work than others, indicating the need to understand teachers' psychological and behavioural determinants that influence use of OER. The paper presents the methodological rigour in the development of the 17 items two-factor scale that is valid and reliable to measure attitude towards OER. The psychometric properties of the scale include: Content Validity Ratio=0.9 and Cronbach α=0.897 with strong inter-items correlation. The two-factors attitude construct in the scale was also subjected to a good model fit using Structural Equation Modelling, which revealed a mediocre fit with 0.8 Root Mean Square Error Approximation value and the chi-square to degree of freedom ratio below 3. We also discuss the significance of the scale and how to use it with other variables effectively in different contexts to help develop appropriate strategies for promoting the use of OER in educational institutions.
Abstract This paper reports on the findings of a study to analyze the nature of online support pr... more Abstract This paper reports on the findings of a study to analyze the nature of online support provided through asynchronous conferences used in wiki skills training and development of distance learning materials in an Asian developing country. With a purposive integrative review as the basis, the study used a Transcript Analysis Protocol for Online Support (TAPOS) developed by the author. Results of the study show low level of learner engagements in online interaction and co-construction of knowledge.
The Asian Journal of Distance Education published a Call for Papers in early 2007 for a Special I... more The Asian Journal of Distance Education published a Call for Papers in early 2007 for a Special Issue to commemorate this year as the 60th Anniversary of the Right to Education, framed in Article 26, of United Nations resolution 217A (iii) called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR. Article 26 is; o Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
This second issue of the year comes as usual just after the Annual Conference of the Asian Associ... more This second issue of the year comes as usual just after the Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities that was hosted this year by President Pham Minh Viet, and Hanoi Open University http://aaou2010. hou. edu. vn/. We continue to work hard to support this association. Also at this time, on the sidelines of the Conference, we hold our Board Meeting of the Asian Society of Open and Distance Education–held on Monday 25th October.
Unlike the conventional system of higher education which in the late eighties gave impetus to pro... more Unlike the conventional system of higher education which in the late eighties gave impetus to professional development of teachers through the academic staff colleges established in the conventional universities, the distance education system in India has stressed on the need for training different functionaries of distance education, including teachers, from the very beginning.
Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Capacity Building Policy: A Framew... more Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Capacity Building Policy: A Framework for Sustainable Development 3. Organizational Structure and Staff Position 4. Capacity Building Approaches and Designs 5. Action Plan (2010-2013) Appendix-A: Suggested Capacity Building Policy for NIOS Appendix-B: Suggested Contract between COL and NIOS Executive Summary Excerpt The Contract No.
Naturally it is difficult to achieve a theme for an issue common to each of the Papers. Some jour... more Naturally it is difficult to achieve a theme for an issue common to each of the Papers. Some journals produce occasional issues on a pre-set theme with and by a guest editor. How difficult the task must be for the guest editor (s) when their first efforts and aims need revising. This present issue began the year with a variety of papers continuing the theme of listening to students, and many of those papers submitted are included here. However, as this year progressed a more specific aspect began to emerge.
In recent years, we have become increasingly aware that the Anglo-American perspective does not a... more In recent years, we have become increasingly aware that the Anglo-American perspective does not address the local concerns of distance education in Asia in sufficient detail. It is not so much that the perspectives published in the West are not relevant–indeed we recognize that they are, and such perspectives published serve to provide very valuable resources to us in Asia, especially to those of us who are in the more remote regions.
We are interested in this issue to present some recent trends in how distance education is being ... more We are interested in this issue to present some recent trends in how distance education is being applied to quite novel situations. When we first set out with Journal more than seven years ago, distance education was used to deliver text-based courses with some web-based discussion or chat rooms. Email and the internet facilitated interaction but really only for text-based exchanges. Some file sharing was possible and people could post attachments to each other.
Preface (extract)-This book is encouraging evidence that the open schooling community is planning... more Preface (extract)-This book is encouraging evidence that the open schooling community is planning proactively for its future. Mobile technology—particularly mobile phones—will one day be part of the furniture of open schooling, even though this book found no example of an accredited course being delivered entirely through mobiles today. Surely, however, this criterion for usage sets the bar too high. I am sceptical about the wisdom of using any technology as the sole mechanism for delivering a complete course.
Abstract: This article reports on a review on designing and presenting online reflective resource... more Abstract: This article reports on a review on designing and presenting online reflective resources for online continuing professional development (online CPD). The online resources have been categorised into five elements: orientation and organization tools, learning activity tools, interaction and collaboration tools, support tools, and analytic tools. The review focuses on 'reflection'as the central theme in the design of these online resources.
Developing materials and choosing the most appropriate media are constant concerns in open and di... more Developing materials and choosing the most appropriate media are constant concerns in open and distance education. These are all the more important in Asia, where so much is borrowed from the West. Not only the various learning technologies, but often whole courses are imported. If there are differences between the European/American student and the Asian student, then these differences may be accentuated when experienced online.
The use of technology in education is not new. Particularly in the field of distance education, t... more The use of technology in education is not new. Particularly in the field of distance education, the use of technical media is an important component in the teaching and learning process.
On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations, vide resolution 217 A (III), ado... more On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations, vide resolution 217 A (III), adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
This year we are celebrating several important events. Beyond these though, we are celebrating al... more This year we are celebrating several important events. Beyond these though, we are celebrating also remarkable advances throughout Asia in open and distance education. These advances are crystallized in leading journals and books; including a special issue of the International Journal of Lifelong Education on the Theories, Policy and Practice of Lifelong Education in East
(UOL) from volume one to ten. In ten volumes, IJOL has published 203 articles and 75 book reviews... more (UOL) from volume one to ten. In ten volumes, IJOL has published 203 articles and 75 book reviews. Authors from twenty countries (excluding India) and 17 states of India have contributed papers regularly to sustain this publication. Analysis reveals that over the years UOL has emerged as one of the scholarly publications in Open and Distance teaming:
Electronic mail or in short “email” is one of the most popular and useful features of the Interne... more Electronic mail or in short “email” is one of the most popular and useful features of the Internet. By definition, it is mail delivered through electronic means. However, while tracing the development of email communication Tao and Reinking (1996) identified at least three definitions of email:
This issue continues our celebration of seven years' publishing this Asian Journal for the benefi... more This issue continues our celebration of seven years' publishing this Asian Journal for the benefit of all researchers in open and distance learning inside and outside Asia. We occasionally include outstanding Papers from Europe, Africa or the Americas that are deemed relevant to Asia. In this issue we also continue this policy with a Paper from Saudi Arabia. Open and distance education universities in many parts of the arab world are still in the early stages of developing.
There have been many experiments and innovations in the field of education and training regarding... more There have been many experiments and innovations in the field of education and training regarding knowledge delivery. From face-to-face to virtual education, different technologies have played great roles at different times. In the last two decades, due to the advent of computer technologies, information delivery has got new meaning.
While reading this interesting book, I had a big question lingering in the back of my mind. Shoul... more While reading this interesting book, I had a big question lingering in the back of my mind. Should we be concerned at all about the “transition to e-learning”? Should we not make effective use of e-learning in both distance and non-distance education contexts? Having read the book, I can say emphatically that the editors–and most of the authors of the 20 chapters that constitute this book–believe in 'effectiveness' if not exactly the 'transition'to e-learning.
This paper describes the entire methodology for the development of a scale to measure Attitude to... more This paper describes the entire methodology for the development of a scale to measure Attitude towards Open Educational Resources (ATOER). Traditionally, it is observed that some teachers are more willing to share their work than others, indicating the need to understand teachers' psychological and behavioural determinants that influence use of OER. The paper presents the methodological rigour in the development of the 17 items two-factor scale that is valid and reliable to measure attitude towards OER. The psychometric properties of the scale include: Content Validity Ratio=0.9 and Cronbach α=0.897 with strong inter-items correlation. The two-factors attitude construct in the scale was also subjected to a good model fit using Structural Equation Modelling, which revealed a mediocre fit with 0.8 Root Mean Square Error Approximation value and the chi-square to degree of freedom ratio below 3. We also discuss the significance of the scale and how to use it with other variables effectively in different contexts to help develop appropriate strategies for promoting the use of OER in educational institutions.
Abstract This paper reports on the findings of a study to analyze the nature of online support pr... more Abstract This paper reports on the findings of a study to analyze the nature of online support provided through asynchronous conferences used in wiki skills training and development of distance learning materials in an Asian developing country. With a purposive integrative review as the basis, the study used a Transcript Analysis Protocol for Online Support (TAPOS) developed by the author. Results of the study show low level of learner engagements in online interaction and co-construction of knowledge.
The Asian Journal of Distance Education published a Call for Papers in early 2007 for a Special I... more The Asian Journal of Distance Education published a Call for Papers in early 2007 for a Special Issue to commemorate this year as the 60th Anniversary of the Right to Education, framed in Article 26, of United Nations resolution 217A (iii) called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR. Article 26 is; o Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
This second issue of the year comes as usual just after the Annual Conference of the Asian Associ... more This second issue of the year comes as usual just after the Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities that was hosted this year by President Pham Minh Viet, and Hanoi Open University http://aaou2010. hou. edu. vn/. We continue to work hard to support this association. Also at this time, on the sidelines of the Conference, we hold our Board Meeting of the Asian Society of Open and Distance Education–held on Monday 25th October.
Unlike the conventional system of higher education which in the late eighties gave impetus to pro... more Unlike the conventional system of higher education which in the late eighties gave impetus to professional development of teachers through the academic staff colleges established in the conventional universities, the distance education system in India has stressed on the need for training different functionaries of distance education, including teachers, from the very beginning.
Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Capacity Building Policy: A Framew... more Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Capacity Building Policy: A Framework for Sustainable Development 3. Organizational Structure and Staff Position 4. Capacity Building Approaches and Designs 5. Action Plan (2010-2013) Appendix-A: Suggested Capacity Building Policy for NIOS Appendix-B: Suggested Contract between COL and NIOS Executive Summary Excerpt The Contract No.
Naturally it is difficult to achieve a theme for an issue common to each of the Papers. Some jour... more Naturally it is difficult to achieve a theme for an issue common to each of the Papers. Some journals produce occasional issues on a pre-set theme with and by a guest editor. How difficult the task must be for the guest editor (s) when their first efforts and aims need revising. This present issue began the year with a variety of papers continuing the theme of listening to students, and many of those papers submitted are included here. However, as this year progressed a more specific aspect began to emerge.
In recent years, we have become increasingly aware that the Anglo-American perspective does not a... more In recent years, we have become increasingly aware that the Anglo-American perspective does not address the local concerns of distance education in Asia in sufficient detail. It is not so much that the perspectives published in the West are not relevant–indeed we recognize that they are, and such perspectives published serve to provide very valuable resources to us in Asia, especially to those of us who are in the more remote regions.
We are interested in this issue to present some recent trends in how distance education is being ... more We are interested in this issue to present some recent trends in how distance education is being applied to quite novel situations. When we first set out with Journal more than seven years ago, distance education was used to deliver text-based courses with some web-based discussion or chat rooms. Email and the internet facilitated interaction but really only for text-based exchanges. Some file sharing was possible and people could post attachments to each other.
Preface (extract)-This book is encouraging evidence that the open schooling community is planning... more Preface (extract)-This book is encouraging evidence that the open schooling community is planning proactively for its future. Mobile technology—particularly mobile phones—will one day be part of the furniture of open schooling, even though this book found no example of an accredited course being delivered entirely through mobiles today. Surely, however, this criterion for usage sets the bar too high. I am sceptical about the wisdom of using any technology as the sole mechanism for delivering a complete course.
Abstract: This article reports on a review on designing and presenting online reflective resource... more Abstract: This article reports on a review on designing and presenting online reflective resources for online continuing professional development (online CPD). The online resources have been categorised into five elements: orientation and organization tools, learning activity tools, interaction and collaboration tools, support tools, and analytic tools. The review focuses on 'reflection'as the central theme in the design of these online resources.
Developing materials and choosing the most appropriate media are constant concerns in open and di... more Developing materials and choosing the most appropriate media are constant concerns in open and distance education. These are all the more important in Asia, where so much is borrowed from the West. Not only the various learning technologies, but often whole courses are imported. If there are differences between the European/American student and the Asian student, then these differences may be accentuated when experienced online.
The use of technology in education is not new. Particularly in the field of distance education, t... more The use of technology in education is not new. Particularly in the field of distance education, the use of technical media is an important component in the teaching and learning process.
On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations, vide resolution 217 A (III), ado... more On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations, vide resolution 217 A (III), adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
This year we are celebrating several important events. Beyond these though, we are celebrating al... more This year we are celebrating several important events. Beyond these though, we are celebrating also remarkable advances throughout Asia in open and distance education. These advances are crystallized in leading journals and books; including a special issue of the International Journal of Lifelong Education on the Theories, Policy and Practice of Lifelong Education in East
(UOL) from volume one to ten. In ten volumes, IJOL has published 203 articles and 75 book reviews... more (UOL) from volume one to ten. In ten volumes, IJOL has published 203 articles and 75 book reviews. Authors from twenty countries (excluding India) and 17 states of India have contributed papers regularly to sustain this publication. Analysis reveals that over the years UOL has emerged as one of the scholarly publications in Open and Distance teaming:
Electronic mail or in short “email” is one of the most popular and useful features of the Interne... more Electronic mail or in short “email” is one of the most popular and useful features of the Internet. By definition, it is mail delivered through electronic means. However, while tracing the development of email communication Tao and Reinking (1996) identified at least three definitions of email:
This issue continues our celebration of seven years' publishing this Asian Journal for the benefi... more This issue continues our celebration of seven years' publishing this Asian Journal for the benefit of all researchers in open and distance learning inside and outside Asia. We occasionally include outstanding Papers from Europe, Africa or the Americas that are deemed relevant to Asia. In this issue we also continue this policy with a Paper from Saudi Arabia. Open and distance education universities in many parts of the arab world are still in the early stages of developing.
There have been many experiments and innovations in the field of education and training regarding... more There have been many experiments and innovations in the field of education and training regarding knowledge delivery. From face-to-face to virtual education, different technologies have played great roles at different times. In the last two decades, due to the advent of computer technologies, information delivery has got new meaning.
While reading this interesting book, I had a big question lingering in the back of my mind. Shoul... more While reading this interesting book, I had a big question lingering in the back of my mind. Should we be concerned at all about the “transition to e-learning”? Should we not make effective use of e-learning in both distance and non-distance education contexts? Having read the book, I can say emphatically that the editors–and most of the authors of the 20 chapters that constitute this book–believe in 'effectiveness' if not exactly the 'transition'to e-learning.
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