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Sania Bhatti

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B. Harun Küçük

University of Pennsylvania

Christopher Witmore

Texas Tech University

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

RMIT International University Vietnam

Sajadin Sembiring

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Viacheslav Kuleshov

Stockholm University

José Francisco Pessanha

UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Rio de Janeiro State University

Journal of Computer Science IJCSIS

Ashok Paranjothi

Sri Sairam Institute Of Technology

Syed Fida Hussain Shah

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,Abbottabad,Pakistan

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Papers by Sania Bhatti

An Exploratory Study of Software Sustainability at Early Stages of Software Development

Sustainability

Sustainability incorporation within the field of Software Engineering is an emerging research are... more Sustainability incorporation within the field of Software Engineering is an emerging research area. Sustainability, from an academic perspective, has been addressed to a large extent. However, when it comes to the software industry, the topic has not received much-needed attention. Software, being designed and developed in the industry, can benefit society at large, if sustainability is taken into account by the software professionals during the software design and development process. To develop a sustainable software application, knowledge and awareness about sustainability by professional software developers is one of the key elements. This study is an attempt to examine sustainability knowledge, importance, and support from the perspective of South Asian software professionals. Additionally, this study also proposes sustainability guidelines for certain software applications and also a catalog for the identification of sustainability requirements for different software applicati...

Contribution of Pakistani Female Researchers in Ict: A Bibliometric Analysis

Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan

This paper analyses the contribution of Pakistani female researchers in the field of ICT using th... more This paper analyses the contribution of Pakistani female researchers in the field of ICT using the bibliometric analysis method. It helps to observe a female researcher’s productivity and assists in identifying problems, such as the need to empower female researchers in ICT. No such work has been conducted yet on gender-based bibliometric analysis in Pakistan. In this paper, bibliometric data of 300 female researchers were extracted from Google Scholar profiles. With the help of this study, the most prestigious female researcher in the field of ICT from Pakistan was analysed based on the h-index. Also, the most active ICT institute in terms of female research productivity (the number of publications) was observed. Furthermore, the annual growth rate of 15 years (2006–2021) of female-led research is calculated and is analysed that the maximum annual growth rate of research productivity (140.965) was in 2010. Additionally, the active contribution of female researchers in most trendin...

Probabilistic and Hybrid Model Checking Deployments for Wireless Sensor Networks

In the early stages of system development, model checking is a good practice for examining the WS... more In the early stages of system development, model checking is a good practice for examining the WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). Model checking involves verifying a system's properties based on the system's finite state model. For varying applications like computers and wireless communication prior to expensive simulations, model checking has become a vital requirement in order to investigate the performance and reliability. In this paper for the first time, we are presenting probabilistic and hybrid model checking tools which are being implemented to analyse and verify the WSN applications and their examples. Here we are categorizing the model checking tools and presenting how they have been used for the investigation of various behaviours of WSN solutions. Consequently, this paper helps readers/researchers to choose the appropriate model checking tool and to get benefited in shape of validating their solutions. The paper has also highlighted the problems of existing model checking tools within WSN domain.

Predicting the Best Team Players of Pakistan Super League using Machine Learning Algorithms

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2021

Owing to short and fast paced play, T20 is the adored format of cricket sport. In T20 cricket, Pa... more Owing to short and fast paced play, T20 is the adored format of cricket sport. In T20 cricket, Pakistan super league (PSL) is one of the most famous professional leagues founded to strengthen Pakistan cricket by scrutinizing the young talent. However, the selection of the best players for PSL teams is a very critical phase which certainly affects the final results of the play. To avoid biasness caused by the human nature in selection process, this study aims to select and rank the team of top fifteen players based on their batting and bowling performance in previous five seasons of PSL using Machine learning approach. For this purpose, Support vector machine (SVM), Random forest, Naive Bayes, Linear regression and K-nearest neighbor (classification) techniques have been employed for the development of predictive model from individual batting and bowling features sets. Based on comparison of applied techniques, the evaluated results have been plotted in term of accuracy, precision, recall and "f1score". For the selection of both batsman (in term of runs scored) and bowlers (in term of wickets taken), Random Forest performed well by yielding an accuracy of 100%. Findings of this research also ascertain that batting performance leads over bowling performance.

Tracker for sleepy drivers at the wheel

2017 11th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2017

This work deals with the problem of gas source localization by a mobile robot with gas-sensing ca... more This work deals with the problem of gas source localization by a mobile robot with gas-sensing capabilities. Particularly, we address the problem for the case of indoor environments, where the presence of obstacles and the possibly complex structure with multiple rooms, inlets and outlets provoke the chaotic dispersion of the gases. Under these challenging conditions, where traditional approaches based on tracking or mathematical modeling of the plume cannot be applied, we propose a two-stage methodology to split the search into coarse and fine localization. Focusing on the broad localization, we contribute with a novel approach to estimate, from a set of sparse observations, the likelihood of different regions in the environment to hold a gas source. Experiments demonstrate that our approach is suitable to locate gas emission sources.

Probabilistic Modeling of Histogram Based Fuzzy Image Enhancement Algorithm

Review of Information Engineering and Applications, 2022

Probabilistic model checking is frequently used to examine stochastic behavior. Model-checking is... more Probabilistic model checking is frequently used to examine stochastic behavior. Model-checking is important for examining before extensive simulations, in differing fields, including computer communications, networks, security, and biology. In this work performance of histogram-based fuzzy image enhancement (HFIE Algorithm). The fuzzy contrast enhancement algorithm based on histograms is used to improve low contrast colored photographs. K is the contrast intensification parameter calculated from the histogram. The RGB image is transformed into HSV to preserve the chromatic information in the original image. To improve the image, only the V component is stretched using the M and K parameters. HFIE Algorithm is analyzed by developing its Discrete-time Markov Chain (DTMC) model in the Probabilistic Symbolic Model Checker (PRISM). First, a labeled transition diagram showing the functionality of HFIE Algorithm is constructed, then the HFIE Algorithm model using the PRISM tool is develope...

Classification of URDU headline news using Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer and Traditional Machine learning Algorithm

2021 6th International Multi-Topic ICT Conference (IMTIC), 2021

Automatic Speaker Recognition Based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and Gaussian Mixture Models

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2013

This paper investigates the task of SR (Speaker Recognition) for the state-of-the-art techniques.... more This paper investigates the task of SR (Speaker Recognition) for the state-of-the-art techniques. The paper initially presents the technical description of automatic SR, followed by the comparative analysis of a number of methods available for feature extraction and modeling. Based on this analysis the NIST 2001, NIST 2002, NIST 2004 and NIST 2006 Speaker recognition corpora are used to investigate the state of the art feature extraction and modeling techniques. The state of the art technique for feature extraction is delta MFCC ( Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) and for modeling is GMM (Gaussian Mixture Models) based on EM (Expectation Maximization). Further in this paper the details about the enrollment/training and recognition/testing is also presented. For different stages of SR systems the conventional methods are summarized.

Distance Measurement Error Reduction Analysis for the Indoor Positioning System

INTRODUCTION Sputnikovaya In the paper the introduction is followed by the section wireless commu... more INTRODUCTION Sputnikovaya In the paper the introduction is followed by the section wireless communication channel model, which describes the model, its impairments and TOA/TDOA channel profile. In Section 3, the deployment of an indoor positioning system and experimental details are discussed. Section 4 includes the results obtained and finally the paper is concluded in Section 5. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION CHANNEL MODEL We can simply model the wireless channel in frequency where β is called phase factor and represented by: where c is the free space speed of light. The received signal will have a time delay τ which depends on range r. The relation between time delay and the distance can be written as follows: The electric field now can be written as: The signal is received through multiple number of paths in a typical wireless communication system. These paths, shown in A typical wireless channel generally comprises these paths and its CIR can be represented by a tapped delay module, sh...

Cyberbullying detection: advanced preprocessing techniques deep learning architecture for Roman Urdu data

Journal of Big Data, 2021

Social media have become a very viable medium for communication, collaboration, exchange of infor... more Social media have become a very viable medium for communication, collaboration, exchange of information, knowledge, and ideas. However, due to anonymity preservation, the incidents of hate speech and cyberbullying have been diversified across the globe. This intimidating problem has recently sought the attention of researchers and scholars worldwide and studies have been undertaken to formulate solution strategies for automatic detection of cyberaggression and hate speech, varying from machine learning models with vast features to more complex deep neural network models and different SN platforms. However, the existing research is directed towards mature languages and highlights a huge gap in newly embraced resource poor languages. One such language that has been recently adopted worldwide and more specifically by south Asian countries for communication on social media is Roman Urdu i-e Urdu language written using Roman scripting. To address this research gap, we have performed exte...

Comparative Study of Testing Tools Blazemeter and Apache Jmeter

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, 2018

Automated Testing plays a vital role in the entire development of software. Due to growing requir... more Automated Testing plays a vital role in the entire development of software. Due to growing requirements of an automated testing diverse range of testing tools are available. From litera-ture, it is observed that a number of automated testing tools are studied and compared. How-ever, this is the first time that Apache JMeter and BlazeMeter are compared. The objective of this paper is to compare load testing tools: Apache JMeter and BlazeMeter based on the criteria such as performance, latency, size, error percent, duration count, number of hits and re-sponse time. This paper focuses on the analysis of the performance and functionality that minimizes the software cost and resources. After performing experiments, it is proved that the performance of BlazeMeter is better than Apache JMeter with respect to all parameters.

Drought Prediction with Raw Satellite Imagery and Ensemble Supervised Machine Learning

Review of Environment and Earth Sciences, 2021

Drought is one of the biggest challenges that environmentalists face today because of rapidly evo... more Drought is one of the biggest challenges that environmentalists face today because of rapidly evolving climate. The negative impacts of drought on the economy, humans and other living organisms endure long after the ending of drought, and with time its intensity also increases. One way to fight the adverse effects of drought is to perform drought prediction and so that appropriate decisions can be made accordingly. Drought prediction can be made considering vegetation and water level in any region therefore, in this research we are using satellite images to predict drought conditions and its various stages, like if it is about to come or it has passed. All these predictions will be helpful for authorities to make informed decisions. We are employing supervised machine learning nevertheless to obtain the best results. We are using boosting and bagging which is ensemble supervised machine learning techniques. The experiments performed proved that bagging is better than boosting classifiers and it is less computationally expensive; and boosting on the other hand is less accurate and computationally expensive. Contribution/Originality: This research performs drought prediction on tharparkar district using raw satellite imagery and ensemble machine learning techniques.

Groundwater Arsenic and Cancer Risk Assessment Prediction model via Machine Learning: A Step Towards Modernizing Academic Research

Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2020

Ground water contamination with Arsenic (As) is one of the foremost issues in the South Asian cou... more Ground water contamination with Arsenic (As) is one of the foremost issues in the South Asian countries where ground water is one of the foremost sources of drinking water. In Asian countries, especially people of Pakistan living in rural areas are devouring ground water for drinking purpose, and cleaned water is not accessible to them. This arsenic contaminated water is hazardous for human health. The persistence of this study is to study the increasing level of arsenic in ground water in coming years for Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan, which is also increasing the cancer rate (skin cancer, blood cancer) gradually in human body. To predict the arsenic value and cancer risk for the next five years, we have developed two models via Microsoft Azure machine learning with algorithms include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Regression (LR), Bayesian Linear Regression (BLR), Boosted Decision tree (BDT), exponential smoothing ETS, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The develop...

A Digital Diary: Remembering the Past Using the Present Context

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016

Lifelog devices have gained much attention in recent past. These devices are capable of recording... more Lifelog devices have gained much attention in recent past. These devices are capable of recording daily activities of a user such as visited places, calories burnt, heart rate, etc. However, reminiscing the past life from this huge collection has been less of a concern. We aim to assist in remembering similar past events based on the present context or situation. We designed a prototype lifelog device that captures lifelogs in the form of pictures and audio, and associates them with the device wearer's context such as people and objects in the vicinity. The information from the past life may be used to helpusers in their current situation. In this article, we attempt to determine the type of context that is preferred by the device users to remember their past events. We found that the users are more interested to find lifelogs based on the people they meet at specific locations.

Bibliometric Analysis of Information and Communication Technology Research in Pakistan

ICTs plays a vital role in a country’s economic growth. Hence, being a developing country, Pakist... more ICTs plays a vital role in a country’s economic growth. Hence, being a developing country, Pakistan must make extensive efforts to promote research and development of this field but in order to do so, it is imperative that research competence of most productive Pakistani institutions and authors must be measured and assessed. This research work uses bibliometric methods to systematically study and analyze ICT based publications included in the Scopus database that have originated from Pakistan from 2010 to 2019. This bibliometric analysis discovered the following: (1) Scientific publications and received citations during the time have mostly increased and would probably have an increasing trend in the future; (2) The most active institution in Pakistan for ICT publications is National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan and (3) the most active author in this field is Javaid N. with respect to number of publications. The research in this paper is helpful...

Renovate-It: A geo-based technical professional hiring system for repairing and maintenance services

2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2018

Due to rapid advancements in technology, the smart phones are proved to be an imperative source o... more Due to rapid advancements in technology, the smart phones are proved to be an imperative source of communication and now have become an integral part of our daily lives. In Pakistan, people are facing problems in finding and hiring local technical professionals to avail repairing and maintenance services for their homes and offices. Because of unavailability of such type of system, new workers are also facing dilemma of finding appropriate work in their vicinity. To overcome this problem, it's immensely important to design and develop a platform in order to bridge the communication gap between the technical workers and end-users which can provide an easy and understandable interface for both using the current trends of technology. To get the best of smart phones, this work proposes an android application for android smart phones with the name Renovate-It and a website. Renovate-It can be a great start in this context in Pakistan. It is an android app that can communicate with th...

Scrutinzing Automated Load Testing Via Blazmeter, Apache Jmeter and HP Loadrunner

Tthe current state of art and recent trends signify the applicability of software systems in innu... more Tthe current state of art and recent trends signify the applicability of software systems in innumerable contexts. The complete Software Engineering process encompasses various conventional testing techniques to avert malfunctions and ensure adequate quality. Many of the software systems when put into practice, provide services to hundreds and thousands of end users concurrently. Hence it is immensely important to conduct Load testing to affirm sustainability and scalability of such systems under huge load. The exposure of asynchronous load testing tools for building interactive testing processes gave precedence to the development of rich online load testing tools. There are various online load testing tools such as Neoload, Webload, OpenSTA, Apache JMeter, HP loadrunner and Test Studio. In this paper we have analyzed the performance of BlazeMeter, Apache JMeter, and HP loadrunner. The automated load testing tools use script for testing the applications, data services and apps. In t...

Using Reversed MFCC and IT-EM for Automatic Speaker Verification

This paper proposes text independent automatic speaker verification system using IMFCC (Inverse/ ... more This paper proposes text independent automatic speaker verification system using IMFCC (Inverse/ Reverse Mel Frequency Coefficients) and IT-EM (Information Theoretic Expectation Maximization). To perform speaker verification, feature extraction using Mel scale has been widely applied and has established better results. The IMFCC is based on inverse Mel-scale. The IMFCC effectively captures information available at the high frequency formants which is ignored by the MFCC. In this paper the fusion of MFCC and IMFCC at input level is proposed. GMMs (Gaussian Mixture Models) based on EM (Expectation Maximization) have been widely used for classification of text independent verification. However EM comes across the convergence issue. In this paper we use our proposed IT-EM which has faster convergence, to train speaker models. IT-EM uses information theory principles such as PDE (Parzen Density Estimation) and KL (Kullback-Leibler) divergence measure. IT-EM acclimatizes the weights, means and covariances, like EM. However, IT-EM process is not performed on feature vector sets but on a set of centroids obtained using IT (Information Theoretic) metric. The IT-EM process at once diminishes divergence measure between PDE estimates of features distribution within a given class and the centroids distribution within the same class. The feature level fusion and IT-EM is tested for the task of speaker verification using NIST2001 and NIST2004. The experimental evaluation validates that MFCC/IMFCC has better results than the conventional delta/MFCC feature set. The MFCC/IMFCC feature vector size is also much smaller than the delta MFCC thus reducing the computational burden as well. IT-EM method also showed faster convergence, than the conventional EM method, and thus it leads to higher speaker recognition scores.

Text-Independent Speaker Verification Based on Information Theoretic Learning

In this paper VQ (Vector Quantization) based on information theoretic learning is investigated fo... more In this paper VQ (Vector Quantization) based on information theoretic learning is investigated for the task of text-independent speaker verification. A novel VQ method based on the IT (Information Theoretic) principles is used for the task of speaker verification and compared with two classical VQ approaches: the K-means algorithm and the LBG (Linde Buzo Gray) algorithm. The paper provides a theoretical background of the vector quantization techniques, which is followed by experimental results illustrating their performance. The results demonstrated that the ITVQ (Information Theoretic Vector Quantization) provided the best performance in terms of classification rates, EER (Equal Error Rates) and the MSE (Mean Squared Error) compare to Kmeans and the LBG algorithms. The outstanding performance of the ITVQ algorithm can be attributed to the fact that the IT criteria used by this algorithm provide superior matching between distribution of the original data vectors and the codewords.

Distance Measurement Error Reduction Analysis for the Indoor Positioning System

This paper presents the DME (Distance Measurement Error) estimation analysis for the wireless ind... more This paper presents the DME (Distance Measurement Error) estimation analysis for the wireless indoor positioning channel. The channel model for indoor positioning is derived and implemented using 8 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) antennas system compliant to IEEE 802.11 a/b/g standard. Channel impairments are derived for the TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) range estimation. DME calculation is performed over distinct experiments in the TDOA channel profiles using 1,2,4 and 8 antennas deployed system. Analysis for the DME for different antennas is presented. The spiral antenna achieves minimum DME in the range of 1m. Data demographics scattering for the error spread in TDOA channel profile is analyzed to show the error behavior. The effect of increase in number of recordings on DME is shown by the results. Transmitter antennas behavior for DME and their standard deviations are depicted through the results, which minimize the error floor to less than 1 m. This reduction is not ach...

An Exploratory Study of Software Sustainability at Early Stages of Software Development

Sustainability

Sustainability incorporation within the field of Software Engineering is an emerging research are... more Sustainability incorporation within the field of Software Engineering is an emerging research area. Sustainability, from an academic perspective, has been addressed to a large extent. However, when it comes to the software industry, the topic has not received much-needed attention. Software, being designed and developed in the industry, can benefit society at large, if sustainability is taken into account by the software professionals during the software design and development process. To develop a sustainable software application, knowledge and awareness about sustainability by professional software developers is one of the key elements. This study is an attempt to examine sustainability knowledge, importance, and support from the perspective of South Asian software professionals. Additionally, this study also proposes sustainability guidelines for certain software applications and also a catalog for the identification of sustainability requirements for different software applicati...

Contribution of Pakistani Female Researchers in Ict: A Bibliometric Analysis

Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan

This paper analyses the contribution of Pakistani female researchers in the field of ICT using th... more This paper analyses the contribution of Pakistani female researchers in the field of ICT using the bibliometric analysis method. It helps to observe a female researcher’s productivity and assists in identifying problems, such as the need to empower female researchers in ICT. No such work has been conducted yet on gender-based bibliometric analysis in Pakistan. In this paper, bibliometric data of 300 female researchers were extracted from Google Scholar profiles. With the help of this study, the most prestigious female researcher in the field of ICT from Pakistan was analysed based on the h-index. Also, the most active ICT institute in terms of female research productivity (the number of publications) was observed. Furthermore, the annual growth rate of 15 years (2006–2021) of female-led research is calculated and is analysed that the maximum annual growth rate of research productivity (140.965) was in 2010. Additionally, the active contribution of female researchers in most trendin...

Probabilistic and Hybrid Model Checking Deployments for Wireless Sensor Networks

In the early stages of system development, model checking is a good practice for examining the WS... more In the early stages of system development, model checking is a good practice for examining the WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). Model checking involves verifying a system's properties based on the system's finite state model. For varying applications like computers and wireless communication prior to expensive simulations, model checking has become a vital requirement in order to investigate the performance and reliability. In this paper for the first time, we are presenting probabilistic and hybrid model checking tools which are being implemented to analyse and verify the WSN applications and their examples. Here we are categorizing the model checking tools and presenting how they have been used for the investigation of various behaviours of WSN solutions. Consequently, this paper helps readers/researchers to choose the appropriate model checking tool and to get benefited in shape of validating their solutions. The paper has also highlighted the problems of existing model checking tools within WSN domain.

Predicting the Best Team Players of Pakistan Super League using Machine Learning Algorithms

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2021

Owing to short and fast paced play, T20 is the adored format of cricket sport. In T20 cricket, Pa... more Owing to short and fast paced play, T20 is the adored format of cricket sport. In T20 cricket, Pakistan super league (PSL) is one of the most famous professional leagues founded to strengthen Pakistan cricket by scrutinizing the young talent. However, the selection of the best players for PSL teams is a very critical phase which certainly affects the final results of the play. To avoid biasness caused by the human nature in selection process, this study aims to select and rank the team of top fifteen players based on their batting and bowling performance in previous five seasons of PSL using Machine learning approach. For this purpose, Support vector machine (SVM), Random forest, Naive Bayes, Linear regression and K-nearest neighbor (classification) techniques have been employed for the development of predictive model from individual batting and bowling features sets. Based on comparison of applied techniques, the evaluated results have been plotted in term of accuracy, precision, recall and "f1score". For the selection of both batsman (in term of runs scored) and bowlers (in term of wickets taken), Random Forest performed well by yielding an accuracy of 100%. Findings of this research also ascertain that batting performance leads over bowling performance.

Tracker for sleepy drivers at the wheel

2017 11th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2017

This work deals with the problem of gas source localization by a mobile robot with gas-sensing ca... more This work deals with the problem of gas source localization by a mobile robot with gas-sensing capabilities. Particularly, we address the problem for the case of indoor environments, where the presence of obstacles and the possibly complex structure with multiple rooms, inlets and outlets provoke the chaotic dispersion of the gases. Under these challenging conditions, where traditional approaches based on tracking or mathematical modeling of the plume cannot be applied, we propose a two-stage methodology to split the search into coarse and fine localization. Focusing on the broad localization, we contribute with a novel approach to estimate, from a set of sparse observations, the likelihood of different regions in the environment to hold a gas source. Experiments demonstrate that our approach is suitable to locate gas emission sources.

Probabilistic Modeling of Histogram Based Fuzzy Image Enhancement Algorithm

Review of Information Engineering and Applications, 2022

Probabilistic model checking is frequently used to examine stochastic behavior. Model-checking is... more Probabilistic model checking is frequently used to examine stochastic behavior. Model-checking is important for examining before extensive simulations, in differing fields, including computer communications, networks, security, and biology. In this work performance of histogram-based fuzzy image enhancement (HFIE Algorithm). The fuzzy contrast enhancement algorithm based on histograms is used to improve low contrast colored photographs. K is the contrast intensification parameter calculated from the histogram. The RGB image is transformed into HSV to preserve the chromatic information in the original image. To improve the image, only the V component is stretched using the M and K parameters. HFIE Algorithm is analyzed by developing its Discrete-time Markov Chain (DTMC) model in the Probabilistic Symbolic Model Checker (PRISM). First, a labeled transition diagram showing the functionality of HFIE Algorithm is constructed, then the HFIE Algorithm model using the PRISM tool is develope...

Classification of URDU headline news using Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer and Traditional Machine learning Algorithm

2021 6th International Multi-Topic ICT Conference (IMTIC), 2021

Automatic Speaker Recognition Based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and Gaussian Mixture Models

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2013

This paper investigates the task of SR (Speaker Recognition) for the state-of-the-art techniques.... more This paper investigates the task of SR (Speaker Recognition) for the state-of-the-art techniques. The paper initially presents the technical description of automatic SR, followed by the comparative analysis of a number of methods available for feature extraction and modeling. Based on this analysis the NIST 2001, NIST 2002, NIST 2004 and NIST 2006 Speaker recognition corpora are used to investigate the state of the art feature extraction and modeling techniques. The state of the art technique for feature extraction is delta MFCC ( Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) and for modeling is GMM (Gaussian Mixture Models) based on EM (Expectation Maximization). Further in this paper the details about the enrollment/training and recognition/testing is also presented. For different stages of SR systems the conventional methods are summarized.

Distance Measurement Error Reduction Analysis for the Indoor Positioning System

INTRODUCTION Sputnikovaya In the paper the introduction is followed by the section wireless commu... more INTRODUCTION Sputnikovaya In the paper the introduction is followed by the section wireless communication channel model, which describes the model, its impairments and TOA/TDOA channel profile. In Section 3, the deployment of an indoor positioning system and experimental details are discussed. Section 4 includes the results obtained and finally the paper is concluded in Section 5. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION CHANNEL MODEL We can simply model the wireless channel in frequency where β is called phase factor and represented by: where c is the free space speed of light. The received signal will have a time delay τ which depends on range r. The relation between time delay and the distance can be written as follows: The electric field now can be written as: The signal is received through multiple number of paths in a typical wireless communication system. These paths, shown in A typical wireless channel generally comprises these paths and its CIR can be represented by a tapped delay module, sh...

Cyberbullying detection: advanced preprocessing techniques deep learning architecture for Roman Urdu data

Journal of Big Data, 2021

Social media have become a very viable medium for communication, collaboration, exchange of infor... more Social media have become a very viable medium for communication, collaboration, exchange of information, knowledge, and ideas. However, due to anonymity preservation, the incidents of hate speech and cyberbullying have been diversified across the globe. This intimidating problem has recently sought the attention of researchers and scholars worldwide and studies have been undertaken to formulate solution strategies for automatic detection of cyberaggression and hate speech, varying from machine learning models with vast features to more complex deep neural network models and different SN platforms. However, the existing research is directed towards mature languages and highlights a huge gap in newly embraced resource poor languages. One such language that has been recently adopted worldwide and more specifically by south Asian countries for communication on social media is Roman Urdu i-e Urdu language written using Roman scripting. To address this research gap, we have performed exte...

Comparative Study of Testing Tools Blazemeter and Apache Jmeter

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, 2018

Automated Testing plays a vital role in the entire development of software. Due to growing requir... more Automated Testing plays a vital role in the entire development of software. Due to growing requirements of an automated testing diverse range of testing tools are available. From litera-ture, it is observed that a number of automated testing tools are studied and compared. How-ever, this is the first time that Apache JMeter and BlazeMeter are compared. The objective of this paper is to compare load testing tools: Apache JMeter and BlazeMeter based on the criteria such as performance, latency, size, error percent, duration count, number of hits and re-sponse time. This paper focuses on the analysis of the performance and functionality that minimizes the software cost and resources. After performing experiments, it is proved that the performance of BlazeMeter is better than Apache JMeter with respect to all parameters.

Drought Prediction with Raw Satellite Imagery and Ensemble Supervised Machine Learning

Review of Environment and Earth Sciences, 2021

Drought is one of the biggest challenges that environmentalists face today because of rapidly evo... more Drought is one of the biggest challenges that environmentalists face today because of rapidly evolving climate. The negative impacts of drought on the economy, humans and other living organisms endure long after the ending of drought, and with time its intensity also increases. One way to fight the adverse effects of drought is to perform drought prediction and so that appropriate decisions can be made accordingly. Drought prediction can be made considering vegetation and water level in any region therefore, in this research we are using satellite images to predict drought conditions and its various stages, like if it is about to come or it has passed. All these predictions will be helpful for authorities to make informed decisions. We are employing supervised machine learning nevertheless to obtain the best results. We are using boosting and bagging which is ensemble supervised machine learning techniques. The experiments performed proved that bagging is better than boosting classifiers and it is less computationally expensive; and boosting on the other hand is less accurate and computationally expensive. Contribution/Originality: This research performs drought prediction on tharparkar district using raw satellite imagery and ensemble machine learning techniques.

Groundwater Arsenic and Cancer Risk Assessment Prediction model via Machine Learning: A Step Towards Modernizing Academic Research

Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2020

Ground water contamination with Arsenic (As) is one of the foremost issues in the South Asian cou... more Ground water contamination with Arsenic (As) is one of the foremost issues in the South Asian countries where ground water is one of the foremost sources of drinking water. In Asian countries, especially people of Pakistan living in rural areas are devouring ground water for drinking purpose, and cleaned water is not accessible to them. This arsenic contaminated water is hazardous for human health. The persistence of this study is to study the increasing level of arsenic in ground water in coming years for Khairpur, Sindh Pakistan, which is also increasing the cancer rate (skin cancer, blood cancer) gradually in human body. To predict the arsenic value and cancer risk for the next five years, we have developed two models via Microsoft Azure machine learning with algorithms include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Regression (LR), Bayesian Linear Regression (BLR), Boosted Decision tree (BDT), exponential smoothing ETS, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The develop...

A Digital Diary: Remembering the Past Using the Present Context

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016

Lifelog devices have gained much attention in recent past. These devices are capable of recording... more Lifelog devices have gained much attention in recent past. These devices are capable of recording daily activities of a user such as visited places, calories burnt, heart rate, etc. However, reminiscing the past life from this huge collection has been less of a concern. We aim to assist in remembering similar past events based on the present context or situation. We designed a prototype lifelog device that captures lifelogs in the form of pictures and audio, and associates them with the device wearer's context such as people and objects in the vicinity. The information from the past life may be used to helpusers in their current situation. In this article, we attempt to determine the type of context that is preferred by the device users to remember their past events. We found that the users are more interested to find lifelogs based on the people they meet at specific locations.

Bibliometric Analysis of Information and Communication Technology Research in Pakistan

ICTs plays a vital role in a country’s economic growth. Hence, being a developing country, Pakist... more ICTs plays a vital role in a country’s economic growth. Hence, being a developing country, Pakistan must make extensive efforts to promote research and development of this field but in order to do so, it is imperative that research competence of most productive Pakistani institutions and authors must be measured and assessed. This research work uses bibliometric methods to systematically study and analyze ICT based publications included in the Scopus database that have originated from Pakistan from 2010 to 2019. This bibliometric analysis discovered the following: (1) Scientific publications and received citations during the time have mostly increased and would probably have an increasing trend in the future; (2) The most active institution in Pakistan for ICT publications is National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan and (3) the most active author in this field is Javaid N. with respect to number of publications. The research in this paper is helpful...

Renovate-It: A geo-based technical professional hiring system for repairing and maintenance services

2018 International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2018

Due to rapid advancements in technology, the smart phones are proved to be an imperative source o... more Due to rapid advancements in technology, the smart phones are proved to be an imperative source of communication and now have become an integral part of our daily lives. In Pakistan, people are facing problems in finding and hiring local technical professionals to avail repairing and maintenance services for their homes and offices. Because of unavailability of such type of system, new workers are also facing dilemma of finding appropriate work in their vicinity. To overcome this problem, it's immensely important to design and develop a platform in order to bridge the communication gap between the technical workers and end-users which can provide an easy and understandable interface for both using the current trends of technology. To get the best of smart phones, this work proposes an android application for android smart phones with the name Renovate-It and a website. Renovate-It can be a great start in this context in Pakistan. It is an android app that can communicate with th...

Scrutinzing Automated Load Testing Via Blazmeter, Apache Jmeter and HP Loadrunner

Tthe current state of art and recent trends signify the applicability of software systems in innu... more Tthe current state of art and recent trends signify the applicability of software systems in innumerable contexts. The complete Software Engineering process encompasses various conventional testing techniques to avert malfunctions and ensure adequate quality. Many of the software systems when put into practice, provide services to hundreds and thousands of end users concurrently. Hence it is immensely important to conduct Load testing to affirm sustainability and scalability of such systems under huge load. The exposure of asynchronous load testing tools for building interactive testing processes gave precedence to the development of rich online load testing tools. There are various online load testing tools such as Neoload, Webload, OpenSTA, Apache JMeter, HP loadrunner and Test Studio. In this paper we have analyzed the performance of BlazeMeter, Apache JMeter, and HP loadrunner. The automated load testing tools use script for testing the applications, data services and apps. In t...

Using Reversed MFCC and IT-EM for Automatic Speaker Verification

This paper proposes text independent automatic speaker verification system using IMFCC (Inverse/ ... more This paper proposes text independent automatic speaker verification system using IMFCC (Inverse/ Reverse Mel Frequency Coefficients) and IT-EM (Information Theoretic Expectation Maximization). To perform speaker verification, feature extraction using Mel scale has been widely applied and has established better results. The IMFCC is based on inverse Mel-scale. The IMFCC effectively captures information available at the high frequency formants which is ignored by the MFCC. In this paper the fusion of MFCC and IMFCC at input level is proposed. GMMs (Gaussian Mixture Models) based on EM (Expectation Maximization) have been widely used for classification of text independent verification. However EM comes across the convergence issue. In this paper we use our proposed IT-EM which has faster convergence, to train speaker models. IT-EM uses information theory principles such as PDE (Parzen Density Estimation) and KL (Kullback-Leibler) divergence measure. IT-EM acclimatizes the weights, means and covariances, like EM. However, IT-EM process is not performed on feature vector sets but on a set of centroids obtained using IT (Information Theoretic) metric. The IT-EM process at once diminishes divergence measure between PDE estimates of features distribution within a given class and the centroids distribution within the same class. The feature level fusion and IT-EM is tested for the task of speaker verification using NIST2001 and NIST2004. The experimental evaluation validates that MFCC/IMFCC has better results than the conventional delta/MFCC feature set. The MFCC/IMFCC feature vector size is also much smaller than the delta MFCC thus reducing the computational burden as well. IT-EM method also showed faster convergence, than the conventional EM method, and thus it leads to higher speaker recognition scores.

Text-Independent Speaker Verification Based on Information Theoretic Learning

In this paper VQ (Vector Quantization) based on information theoretic learning is investigated fo... more In this paper VQ (Vector Quantization) based on information theoretic learning is investigated for the task of text-independent speaker verification. A novel VQ method based on the IT (Information Theoretic) principles is used for the task of speaker verification and compared with two classical VQ approaches: the K-means algorithm and the LBG (Linde Buzo Gray) algorithm. The paper provides a theoretical background of the vector quantization techniques, which is followed by experimental results illustrating their performance. The results demonstrated that the ITVQ (Information Theoretic Vector Quantization) provided the best performance in terms of classification rates, EER (Equal Error Rates) and the MSE (Mean Squared Error) compare to Kmeans and the LBG algorithms. The outstanding performance of the ITVQ algorithm can be attributed to the fact that the IT criteria used by this algorithm provide superior matching between distribution of the original data vectors and the codewords.

Distance Measurement Error Reduction Analysis for the Indoor Positioning System

This paper presents the DME (Distance Measurement Error) estimation analysis for the wireless ind... more This paper presents the DME (Distance Measurement Error) estimation analysis for the wireless indoor positioning channel. The channel model for indoor positioning is derived and implemented using 8 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) antennas system compliant to IEEE 802.11 a/b/g standard. Channel impairments are derived for the TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) range estimation. DME calculation is performed over distinct experiments in the TDOA channel profiles using 1,2,4 and 8 antennas deployed system. Analysis for the DME for different antennas is presented. The spiral antenna achieves minimum DME in the range of 1m. Data demographics scattering for the error spread in TDOA channel profile is analyzed to show the error behavior. The effect of increase in number of recordings on DME is shown by the results. Transmitter antennas behavior for DME and their standard deviations are depicted through the results, which minimize the error floor to less than 1 m. This reduction is not ach...