Papers by Sandra Martinez Cuevas
To a certain extent what this research is proposing is a return to local principles or to regiona... more To a certain extent what this research is proposing is a return to local principles or to regionalism, which is able to employ place-specific tools and craftsmanship (local arts and their virtues) promoting and being innovative with traditional elements which belong to a particular place, and using tectonic and stereotomic logic. You can observe this, in the face of a destructive natural event. An immediate architectural reaction is produced in cooperation with the rest of the not affected territory. The cooperation of certain non-governmental organizations with other groups in the same collaborative cycle improves the recycling of ideas and city planning forms. These organizations cooperate in the development and implementation of cities and settlements that need a fast reaction when facing an unexpected disaster.
Puerto de Almería: Concursos
Catalogos De Arquitectura, 2005
E.T.S.I. en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía (UPM), Jul 25, 2014
PARTE I-MARCO TEÓRICO ESTADO DEL ARTE 2. CONCEPTOS Y MÉTODOS EN INGENIERÍA SÍSMICA ……………………………………... more PARTE I-MARCO TEÓRICO ESTADO DEL ARTE 2. CONCEPTOS Y MÉTODOS EN INGENIERÍA SÍSMICA ………………………………………19 2.1 Introducción 19 2.2 Conceptos inherentes al riesgo sísmico 20 2.2.1 Definición de riesgo sísmico 20 2.2.2 Peligrosidad sísmica 22 2.2.3 Vulnerabilidad 24 2.2.4 Daño sísmico: escalas y evaluación 25 2.3 Antecedentes de parámetros urbanísticos en la caracterización de la vulnerabilidad sísmica 28 2.3.1 Método del índice de vulnerabilidad 28 2.3.1.1 Análisis de parámetros relacionados con aspectos que pueden considerarse en normas urbanas 30 2.3.2 Método de la EMS-98 35 2.3.2.1 Factores que afectan a la vulnerabilidad de los edificios 35 2.3.3 Proyecto Risk-UE 37 2.3.3.1 Tipologías constructivas e índices de vulnerabilidad representativos 38 2.3.3.2 Clasificación, cuantificación y descripción de los modificadores por comportamiento 40 III ÍNDICE 2.3.4 Desarrollos posteriores a Risk UE 45 o Giovinnazzi (2005) o Lantada (2007) o Feriche (2012) 2.3.5 Análisis comparativo de los distintos valores propuestos de modificadores por comportamiento en tipologías de mampostería no reforzada y hormigón armado 52 2.4 Normativa Sismorresistente NCSE-02 56 2.4.1 Concepción estructural de edificios 57 2.4.1.1 Configuraciones simétricas de elementos resistentes 58 2.4.1.2 Rigidez y continuidad de la estructura vertical 59 3. PLANEAMIENTO URBANÍSTICO EN ZONAS SÍSMICAS………..……..…………………………………….61 3.1 Introducción 61 3.2 Ordenación del Territorio 64 3.2.1 Geología superficial. Efecto local o de sitio 65 3.2.2 Caracterización del terreno en los Códigos Sísmicos 66 3.2.2.1 Clasificación del terreno según la NCSE-02 66 3.2.2.2 Clasificación del terreno según el EC8 67 3.3 Planeamiento Urbanístico 68 3.3.1 Plan General Municipal de Ordenación Urbana 69 3.3.1.1 Objetivos generales y específicos del Plan General 70 3.3.1.2 Determinaciones urbanísticas del Plan General 70 3.3.1.3 Contenido documental del Plan General. Normas Urbanísticas 71 V ÍNDICE 5.4.4 Normativa Urbanística a) Normas de Edificación y Ordenanzas b) Normas complementarias para facilitar el realojo, la reconstrucción y reparación de inmuebles afectados, por acciones sísmicas y catastróficas 5.5 Tipologías constructivas de Lorca 5.5.1 Matriz de tipologías constructivas 5.6 Descripción y evaluación de los daños del terremoto del 11 de mayo de 2011 en Lorca125 5.6.1 Daño en elementos no estructurales 5.6.2 Daño en elementos estructurales 5
![Research paper thumbnail of Las técnicas de Minería de datos, Imágenes 3D, Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Estadística espacial aplicadas a la Innovación Educativa - [Techniques of Data Mining, 3D Images, Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Statistics applied to Educational Innovation]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97305747/thumbnails/1.jpg)
La innovación docente como misión del profesorado : Congreso Internacional Sobre Aprendizaje, Innovación y Competitividad, 2017
Resumen-El objetivo de este artículo es analizar como las nuevas tecnologías: Minería de datos, I... more Resumen-El objetivo de este artículo es analizar como las nuevas tecnologías: Minería de datos, Imágenes 3D o Videos digitales, Sistemas de Información Geográfica (datos georreferenciados) y Estadística espacial, han cambiado y mejorado la Innovación Educativa. Sin embargo, hay que destacar la "poca presencia" de aplicación de la Estadística espacial en España en los trabajos de investigación de Innovación Educativa. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido investigar las causas más importantes de la no aplicación de esta estadística, detectándose que hay una falta de formación en Secundaria y Bachillerato, así como en la etapa universitaria, tanto en alumnos, como en profesores. Y por ello, se proponen soluciones para la mejora en la utilización y aplicabilidad de la Estadística espacial en los trabajos de Innovación Educativa en España.
The progress and results the MERISUR, Methodology for an Effective RISk assessment of URban areas... more The progress and results the MERISUR, Methodology for an Effective RISk assessment of URban areas, are presented. This project aims at developing an effective methodology for urban seismic risk assessment that provides solutions to some deficiencies detected after recent damaging events worldwide, including risk mitigation actions based on benefit/cost ratios. In a fisrt stage, the hazard and vulnerability models are developed and improved. A procedure to determine the hazard-controlling seismogenic fault, contsistent with different probability levels, is established. Methods to include active faults as individual sources and to consider near filed effects that significantly amplify ground motions are proposed. A more complete description of seismic vulnerability encompassing structural, non-structural components is accomplished. Vulnerability modifiers to incorporate effects or urban parameters on vulnerability classes are also quantified. A distinction is also made between damage ...
Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2020
The present study proposes a statistical methodology to rate the habitability of different types ... more The present study proposes a statistical methodology to rate the habitability of different types of buildings after an earthquake. The first step was to rank variables that affect the vulnerability of a building and formúlate a statistical study with a discrimination Índex that makes it possible to identify buildings as habitable or non-habitable. This ranking applied the criteria established in various international guidelines that are used to distinguish between habitable (undamaged/no structural damage) and non-habitable buildings (structural damage). The proposed methodology was applied to a datábase with information about buildings and damage grade experienced following the 2011 earthquake in Lorca. The approach presented could be extended to other regions where neccessary data are available. 65 23 42 2008 aaPAGER Global 81 9 72 2013 EMCA Central Asia 16 6 10 2017 CSA Central and South Asia 29 9 20 '45 WHE subtypes over 14 load-bearing typologies ** 81 typologies over nine classes of materials
Proceedings, 2019
We present a procedure for exposure and vulnerability evaluation that integrates LiDAR, orthophot... more We present a procedure for exposure and vulnerability evaluation that integrates LiDAR, orthophotos, and other ancillary datasets. It comprises three phases: (1) city stratification into homogeneous regions; (2) exposure database compilation; and (3) vulnerability allocation using predictive modelling. We have conducted two applications in Lorca (Spain) and Port-au-Price (Haiti) and here we compare them. Each phase of the method is subject to variations due mainly to data availability; however, it does not affect the final accuracy that remains high in both scenarios (over 80%). It is a flexible procedure that is able to adapt to the particular features of two different cities.
The II Geomatics Engineering Conference, 2019
The present work is part of the resilience study of urban areas, where the study area is the urba... more The present work is part of the resilience study of urban areas, where the study area is the urban center of Valdivia (Chile). The aim is to catalog and identify buildings and urban blocks for the subsequent evaluation of exposure and vulnerability to seismic risk. This is done through a collaborative mapping with the participation of a local team of volunteers (of the Technological University of Chile INACAP) that was previously trained on vulnerability issues and OpenStreetMap platform. The study area comprises 83 urban blocks. Each urban block is subdivided into parcels, which contain buildings with different type of construction and different uses. In the future, this research will continue with the development of urban resilience indexes at physical and social scales.
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2019
We present a procedure for assessing the urban exposure and seismic vulnerability that integrates... more We present a procedure for assessing the urban exposure and seismic vulnerability that integrates LiDAR data with aerial and satellite images. It comprises three phases: first, we segment the satellite image to divide the study area into different urban patterns. Second, we extract building footprints and attributes that represent the type of building of each urban pattern. Finally, we assign the seismic vulnerability to each building using different machine-learning techniques: Decision trees, SVM, logistic regression and Bayesian networks. We apply the procedure to 826 buildings in the city of Lorca (SE Spain), where we count on a vulnerability database that we use as ground truth for the validation of results. The outcomes show that the machine learning techniques have similar performance, yielding vulnerability classification results with an accuracy of 77%-80% (F1-Score). The procedure is scalable and can be replicated in different areas. It is especially interesting as a complement to conventional data gathering approaches for disaster risk applications in areas where field surveys need to be restricted to certain areas, dates or budget.
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2021
This paper describes CEQID, a database of earthquake damage and casualty data assembled since the... more This paper describes CEQID, a database of earthquake damage and casualty data assembled since the 1980s based on post-earthquake damage surveys conducted by a range of research groups. Following 2017–2019 updates, the database contains damage data for more than five million individual buildings in over 1000 survey locations following 79 severely damaging earthquakes worldwide. The building damage data for five broadly defined masonry and reinforced concrete building classes has been assembled and a uniform set of six damage levels assigned. Using estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each survey location based on USGS Shakemap data, a set of lognormal fragility curves has been developed to estimate the probability of exceedance of each damage level for each class, and separate fragility curves for each of five geographical regions are presented. A revised set of fragility curves has also been prepared in which the bias in the curve resulting from the uncertainty in the ground...
arXiv: Geophysics, 2018
We present a procedure for assessing the urban exposure and seismic vulnerability that integrates... more We present a procedure for assessing the urban exposure and seismic vulnerability that integrates aerial and satellite images with LiDAR data. It comprises three phases: first, we segment the satellite image to divide the study area into different urban patterns. Second, we extract building footprints and attributes that represent the type of building of each urban pattern. Finally, we assign the seismic vulnerability to each building using two machine learning techniques: logistic regression and Bayesian networks. We apply the procedure in the city of Lorca (SE Spain), where we count on a vulnerability database that we use as ground truth for the validation of results. The outcomes show that both machine learning techniques have similar performance, yielding vulnerability classification results with an accuracy of over 75% (F1 Score) in most of the cases, provided that the building footprints are correctly delineated. The procedure is scalable and can be replicated in different are...
Visualisation of Cadastral Lineage
IEEE Latin America Transactions, 2017
The cadastral lineage refers to the parent-child bonds that occur amongst cadastral objects. In S... more The cadastral lineage refers to the parent-child bonds that occur amongst cadastral objects. In Spain, the official Dirección General del Catastro keeps a record of all the parcels as well as the changes affecting them along the time. Understanding the history of the plots requires studying thousands of cadastral records. However, no visualization tool for this purpose has been proposed yet. This paper explores some visualization techniques applied to the cadastral lineage of a study area. After assessing the results it was found that treemaps and network diagrams are useful to ease the interpretation of the cadastral lineage, although they need to complement each other, as used by temselves they may hide some important lineage relationships between objects.
Évaluation de l’aléa et du risque sismique en Haïti dirigée vers la conception parasismique
Pabellón deportivo municipal. Aguilas: Segundo premio
Catalogos De Arquitectura, 2006
Vulnerabilidad sísmica en Puerto Príncipe, Haití. Escala Macrosísmica Haitiana
7O Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa De Geodesia Y Geofisica 7o Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa De Geodesia Y Geofisica 25 06 2012 28 06 2012 San Sebastian, 2012
SISMO-HAITÍ: Proyecto de cooperación para el cálculo de la peligrosidad y el riesgo sísmico en Haití
Metodología para deducir relaciones de linaje en el Catastro de España
Geofocus Revista Internacional De Ciencia Y Tecnologia De La Informacion Geografica, 2014
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Papers by Sandra Martinez Cuevas