Papers by Sandip Swarnakar
Exploring the Fascinating world of combinational photonic devices: A Review
Optik, Jun 1, 2024
Design of all-optical full-subtractor with plasmonic waveguides for high-speed applications
Results in optics, Jul 1, 2023
Optical and Quantum Electronics, Aug 14, 2021
All the basic logic gates play a major role in carrying out the mathematical computation. The dra... more All the basic logic gates play a major role in carrying out the mathematical computation. The drawbacks of conventional electronics are alleviated by all-optical integrated circuits with a great application of high-speed computing and information processing. In this paper, plasmonic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides have an excellent property of propagating the surface plasmons beyond the diffraction limit up to deep sub-wavelength scale. All-optical NAND gate design is optimized by using MIM plasmonic waveguide-based Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) in the footprint of 36 µm × 8 µm that works at 1.55 µm operating wavelength. The better performance of the proposed device is achieved, such as the extinction ratio is 10.55 dB, insertion loss is obtained as 0.506 dB, and response time is 262 ps. The proposed design is verified by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and further analysis are carried out by mathematical computation and MATLAB simulation results.
Optical and Quantum Electronics, May 15, 2023
In this paper, two dimensional photonic crystal, based eight-channel demultiplexer is proposed an... more In this paper, two dimensional photonic crystal, based eight-channel demultiplexer is proposed and designed for DWDM applications. The performance parameters of the demultiplexer such as transmission efficiency, channel spacing, spectral line width, Q factor, and crosstalk have been evaluated. The proposed demultiplexer comprises of bus waveguide, drop waveguide and parellogram resonant cavity (PRC). The bus waveguide transmits light to the PRC and exits through respective drop waveguide. The PRC consists of a parellogram resonator with a nano ring cavity that is used for dropping eight specific wavelength for ITU-T G 694.1 standard with 50 GHz channel spacing. The circular ring resonator is placed above the PRC wherein a resonant air hole (Cr) is positioned for desired channel selection. The channel selection is done by altering the radius of the air hole. In addition, a conjugate radiant neural network is implemented for optimizing the radii of resonant air holes to select the required channel wavelength. The proposed device is very compact and it could be considered for implementing the photonic integrated circuits.
Performance analysis of optimized plasmonic half-adder circuit using Mach-Zehnder interferometer for high-speed switching applications
Microelectronics Journal, May 1, 2021
Abstract Metal-insulator-metal (MIM, Plasmonic) waveguide has an exceptional quality of propagati... more Abstract Metal-insulator-metal (MIM, Plasmonic) waveguide has an exceptional quality of propagating the surface plasmon beyond the diffraction of light into a deep sub-wavelength scale. In this paper, the basic structure for a half-adder circuit is proposed by inducing nonlinear Kerr-material to the Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The half-adder circuit design is optimized by using MIM plasmonic waveguide-based MZIs in the footprint of 85 μm × 10 μm . Some parameters like extinction ratio, transmission efficiency, and insertion loss are calculated and found as 16.53 dB, 74% and 0.338 dB, respectively. The proposed device is concentrated in optical communication with transverse electric (TE) polarization at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm. This design is simulated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and verified by using MATLAB simulation.
A miniature design of binary subtractor using 2-D photonic crystal structure for high-speed applications
Results in optics, Jul 1, 2023
Implementation of all-optical 3-dB and 10-dB directional coupler for switching applications
Photonic Network Communications, Jun 1, 2023
A Y-shaped photonic integrated device with XNOR/NAND/NOR for optical signal processing
Optical and Quantum Electronics, Jun 30, 2023
Modeling and simulation of photonic crystal switching devices for high computational applications
Optical and Quantum Electronics, May 12, 2022
In this digital era, all-optical logic gates (OLGs) proved its effectiveness in execution of high... more In this digital era, all-optical logic gates (OLGs) proved its effectiveness in execution of high-speed computations. A unique construction of an all-optical OR, NOR, NAND gates based on the notion of power combiner employing metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide in the Y-shape in a minimal imprint of 6.2 µm × 3 µm is presented and the structure is evaluated by nite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The insertion loss (IL) and extinction-ratio (ER) for proposed model are 6 dB and 27.76 dB for NAND gate, 2 dB and 20.35 dB for NOR gate and 6 dB and 24.10 dB respectively. The simpli ed model is used in the construction of complex circuits to achieve greater e ciency, which contributes to the emergence of a new technique for designing plasmonic integrated circuits.
International Journal of Computing, Intelligent and Communication Technology, 2022
Image processing is a diverging area where researches and advancements are taking a geometrical p... more Image processing is a diverging area where researches and advancements are taking a geometrical progress in the agricultural field. Various researches are going on vigorously in plant disease detection. Identification of plant diseases can not only maximize the yield production but also can be supportive for varied types of agricultural practices. Disease classification on plant is very critical for supportable agriculture. It is very difficult to monitor or treat the plant diseases manually. It requires huge amount of work, and also need the excessive processing time, therefore image processing is used for the detection of plant diseases. Plant disease classification involves the steps like Load image, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, svmClassifer. Detecting disease may be a key to stop agricultural losses. The aim of this project is to develop a software system answer that mechanically find and classify disease.
A Comparison and Survey on Brain Tumour Detection Techniques Using MRI Images
Current Signal Transduction Therapy
: Despite enormous advances in medical technology, the prognosis of Brain Tumour (BT) remains an ... more : Despite enormous advances in medical technology, the prognosis of Brain Tumour (BT) remains an extremely time-consuming and troublesome assignment for physicians. Early and precise brain tumour identification gives an effective results and leads to increased survival rate. Within this paper, an examination of various techniques in order of priority to classify clinical images is presented to analyse various research gaps and highlights their costs and benefits. Human mortality can be reduced by using an automatic classification scheme. The automatic classification of brain tumours is a difficult task due to the large spatial and structural variability of the brain tumor’s surrounding region. The latest developments have been investigated in image characterization strategies for diagnosing human body disease and addressing the classification of nuclear medical imaging identification techniques like Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Histogram technique, K-Means Clustering (K-MC) etc., just as the respective parameters like the image modalities employed, the dataset and the trade-offs have been compared for each technique. Among these techniques, CNN model accomplished the highest accuracy of 99% for two sets of data: Brain Tumour Segmentation (BTS) and BD-brain tumour and a high average susceptibility of 0.99 for all datasets. Finally, the review demonstrated that improving image order strategies with regarding accuracy, sensitivity value, and feasibility for Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is a significant challenge as well as an open research area.
International Journal of Computing, Intelligent and Communication Technology, 2022
Energy efficiency has been a major research topic in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Because the ... more Energy efficiency has been a major research topic in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Because the sensor networks are powered by batteries, they will die after a given amount of time. As a result, extending the life of sensor equipment by optimizing data dissipation in a cost-effective manner remains a difficulty. Generally, Flat, Hierarchical and location-based routing are the three types of routing Protocol. Awareness of the network structure and Routing Protocol is essential, and it must be suitable for the user need. The survey presents Comparison of various LEACH Protocols in WSN.
Design of an ultracompact 3-input majority gate using photonic crystal
ISSS Journal of Micro and Smart Systems
Modeling and anatomization of three-input photonic crystal-based XOR/XNOR gates for photonic integrated circuits
Results in Optics
Improved design of all-optical half-adder and half-subtractor circuits using MIM plasmonic waveguides for optical networks
Optical and Quantum Electronics
International Journal of Computing, Intelligent and Communication Technology
Dynamic analysis is used to estimate fragility functions, and is an essential part of a number of... more Dynamic analysis is used to estimate fragility functions, and is an essential part of a number of seismic measurement procedures. This paper investigates the applicability of statistical inference methods for the prediction of fragility functions, outlines useful methods for use in various structural analysis techniques, and investigates how fragility functions can be updated to minimize the number of structural analyses needed. Multiple stripe method is more effective fragility projections for a provided variety of structural analysis than IDA, meaning that some understanding of the building's capacity is needed prior to analysis such that sufficient portions of the fragility curve can be loosely described This discovery has alternative blessings, because the approach to multiple stripe analysis permits numerous ground movements to be used for studies at totally different intensity ranges to replicate the various options of low intensity and trembling of high intensity. The pro...
Recent advances in photonic crystal fiber-based sensors for biomedical applications
Optical Fiber Technology
Design and performance enhancement of an all-optical demultiplexer for optical computing applications employing photonic crystals
Applied Optics
In this paper, a photonic crystal (PhC) based 1×2 demultiplexer is designed to work efficiently a... more In this paper, a photonic crystal (PhC) based 1×2 demultiplexer is designed to work efficiently at 1550nm, which is the operating wavelength of optical communication. In designing a 1×2 demultiplexer, the PhC structure employs Y-shaped square-lattice silicon rods with air as its basis in accordance with the principle of beam interference. This study presents a 15×15 rod-based PhC optimized structure with air as its background. Several distinct phase studies are carried out making use of a wide variety of lattice constant and refractive index values of PhCs. The design achieves enhanced performance in accordance with parameters such as having higher contrast ratio of 15.64 dB, high transmission efficiency of 77.92%, fast response time of 15.03 fs, and low insertion loss of 1.08 dB with optimal values for refractive index (RI), silicon rod radius, and lattice constant. The results of the simulation that used the finite-difference-time-domain technique illustrate the good performance o...
Photonics
This study proposes, designs, and simulates a unique plasmonic Y-shaped MIM waveguide based 2 × 1... more This study proposes, designs, and simulates a unique plasmonic Y-shaped MIM waveguide based 2 × 1 multiplexer (MUX) structure utilising opti-FDTD software. Two plasmonic Y-shaped waveguides are positioned facing one another inside a minimum wafer size of 6 µm × 3.5 µm in the 2 × 1 MUX configurations that is being described. The design parameters are adjusted until the plasmonic multiplexer performs as required under optimal conditions. Extinction ratio and insertion loss are two performance metrics that are calculated for performance analysis of the design, which indicate the potential to be applied in plasmonic integrated circuits.
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Papers by Sandip Swarnakar