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Sandip Ratna

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Taught in Schools, Higher Secondary Schools, Degree College from 1996 till 2005. Asst. Prof., Government Teacher Education Institute (B.Ed & M.Ed)
Phone: +919856950447
Address: State College of Teacher Education,
Kohima, nagaland

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PARIJAT CHAKRABARTY

Dr. Ashish Kumar Chaubey

Department of Education

DAMIAN K O F I MEREKU

University Of Education, Winneba

Arul Lawrence A S

Tamil Nadu Open University

Naureen Durrani

University of Sussex

Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy

seema shukla ojha

National Council of Educational Research and Training

Vincent de Paul Tagni

UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA - CAMEROON

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Papers by Sandip Ratna

Style and Strategies Practiced in Mathematics Class of Secondary Schools of Nagaland

Identifying the role of teachers with respect to preferred learning styles and strategies of seco... more Identifying the role of teachers with respect to preferred learning styles and strategies of secondary school students and to examine the prevailing practices that restrict them to inspire towards the subject Mathematics are focused upon. This study contributes in identifying students learning styles and strategies, provide feedback to the concerned Government bodies in the teaching learning processes of Mathematics in secondary schools. This study is conducted taking into account of Private and Government Secondary Schools within the purview of Nagaland Board of Secondary Education-Kohima(NBSE). Normative survey method is employed in this study while the tools of the study are questionnaires and opinionnaire. Sample comprised of 120 Teachers (53 from Government and 67 from Private Secondary schools) and 560 students (208 from Government and 352 from Private Secondary schools) of class 9 and 10 from 70 secondary schools (26 Government and 44 Private) selected randomly. Study Reflects a significant difference between trained and untrained teachers on students' preferred learning style and strategies, method of teaching, topic taught in Mathematics. Teachers need to be encouraged, supported and empowered to conduct action research so as to improve their pedagogic practices and bringing in innovations in their teaching learning approaches. The student assessment needs to be participatory, comprehensive and continuous. Capacity building of teacher is essential to be conducted frequently for the teachers.

Comparative Study of H.S.L.C Examination Result Between.docx

This paper analyses students' High School Leaving Certificate result between the private and gove... more This paper analyses students' High School Leaving Certificate result between the private and government schools from the year 2005 till 2013 and investigate major factor(s) responsible for poor performance in the government school result. For collecting information on teaching-learning process a sample made up of 120 teachers and 70 administrators from 70 schools randomly selected from all the 11 districts of the state of Nagaland. Data were analyzed using simple percentages, mean percent, SD and variance and Z-test. Result analysis has been done on the basis of private and government schools; boys and girls; district wise and interview has been conducted among teachers and administrators. Results showed that pupils in the private schools performed better than the government schools. Private schools' management system, teaching-learning process, evaluation procedures are found to be better than government schools. Therefore, it is necessary to bring improvement in government schools through constant automated monitoring system for which a Continuous and Comprehensive Management System (CCMS) model is forwarded. The CCMS will efface human manipulation and enhance efficiency in the administrative system through modern technology catering students, parents, schools, VEC, DEO/SDEO, School Directorate; a consistent automated monitoring system is urgent to restore better educational environment in government schools

A Study on Behavioural Factors of Juvenile delinquency of between children of age 10-14 years in Kiphire District Sandip Ratna #1 and Rita Das #2

This study is conducted at Kiphire district of Nagaland State Under Department of Social and welf... more This study is conducted at Kiphire district of Nagaland State Under Department of Social and welfare, Nagaland. The sample involves 10 to 14 years of school going and school dropouts, with a sample size of N = 472 in total. This study examines factors responsible for delinquent behaviour of school going and school dropouts of two age categories 10 to 14 years based on parental position and economical conditions. The data was collected by using the structured questionnaire. The results indicated that, peers and siblings bullying, witnessing of assault and theft are most common victimization items reported by school dropout children. Children from deprived families reported a higher incident of witnessing assault with or without weapon. Children from lower socioeconomic status have lesser parental supervision and increased the risk of parental neglect. Children from low socioeconomic large families whose parents does not have sufficient or no formal education have a higher propensity to be bullied and assaulted by their peers and siblings. Therefore, a child from low socioeconomic family is a common component of social exclusion risks. The study revealed that domestic violence is pervasive among low income large families. Though children from all demographic categories witnessed domestic violence, children from economically distressed household and illiterate parents are more likely to experience domestic violence. Parents neglect due to alcohol abuse was reported more frequently by the children from low income families living in larger household.

Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy on 21st Century Lesson Planning

21 st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, ... more 21 st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, higher-order skills like reasoning and analysis and teaching needs to serve discouragement for rote memorization. Education, as a planned endeavor, at a personal level on a small scale or institutional level on a large scale, aims at making children capable of becoming active, responsible, productive, and caring members of society. Hence, we need to change the pattern of instructional strategies so that educational aim can be achieved. The updated version of Bloom's Taxonomy with respect to cognitive domain under scholastic aspect in formal education system with implication of continuous and comprehensive evaluation can be used for the purpose of 21 st century formal classroom.

Learning Theories: Implications in Teacher Education

With the development of different theories of learning, i.e. behaviourism, cognitivism, construct... more With the development of different theories of learning, i.e. behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism and neuro-education, teaching-learning strategies has changed drastically to a higher degree. Even though the constructivist approach of teaching-learning has been considered as the best form of approach for 21 st century classrooms, yet we totally cannot overlook behavioristic and cognitive approaches. If we look into the different developmental stages of the theories, we find that, in order to overcome the drawbacks of one approach, a new approach of learning has been developed with its own drawback. In this paper, similarities of the three learning theories on knowledge evolution have been focused with highlighting upon importance of incorporating all the approaches of learning in teacher education vis-a -vis school education. Human Learning strategies cannot be confine into a particular approach of learning theory, rather need to accumulate strengths of every learning approach as it demands.

A CASE STUDY ON EMOTIONAL MATURITY LEVEL OF BEd. STUDENT TEACHER OF KOHIMA DISTRICT

The objective of the present study is to examine the level of emotional maturity level amongst st... more The objective of the present study is to examine the level of emotional maturity level amongst student teacher admitted for B.Ed course. Emotional development is one of the major aspects of human growth and development. Emotion like anger, fear, love, etc plays a great role in the development of a child's personality. This single sided development leads to formation of negative traits like anxiety, stress, tension, hatred and jealousy. These negative traits are the main reasons for the imbalances and mal-adjustment of the emotions of a person. Hence being a teacher it is most important to maintain emotional balance to deal with the children at school. For the purpose of studying emotional maturity level of student teacher, two Institute offering BEd course from Kohima district of Nagaland have been taken under consideration. Necessary measures need to be taken for enhancing level of emotional maturity being suggested.

SEMESTER SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN ASSAM

With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, Universit... more With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, University Grant Commission also suggested implementing semester system to different universities throughout the country. In Assam undergraduate level under Gauhati University also introduced semester system from the academic session 2011-12. So far many studies been conducted in respect of its implementation and approaches to overcome the differences and come under common platform. In this paper all important discussion and studies made on semester system by other universities and in Assam been pondered upon and recommendation been forwarded to authorities for urgent and necessary change.

CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHING-LEARNING MATERIAL ACCORDING TO 21ST CENTURY NEEDS

Major classification of Teaching-learning aids available to us is based on the characteristic of ... more Major classification of Teaching-learning aids available to us is based on the characteristic of the Material been used for the Aid; whether aid is an audio, visual or audio-visual or whether the Aid is projectable or non-projectable. In this paper the classification is made on the basis of style of interaction with the particular Aid by the learner. When we are analyzing the content, teaching instruction from the point of brain and psychological based under neuroeducation, it is also necessary that Teaching-Learning Aids that teacher uses in the classroom need to classify according to learners’ participation in the process of teaching-learning.

SEMESTER SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN BEd. STREAM UNDER NAGALAND UNIVERSITY

With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, Universit... more With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, University Grant Commission also suggested implementing semester system to different universities throughout the country. Nagaland University also introduced semester system from the academic session 2012-13. So far many studies been conducted in respect of its implementation and approaches to overcome the differences and come under common platform. In this paper all important discussion and studies made on semester system by other universities and in Nagaland been pondered upon and recommendation been forwarded to authorities for urgent and necessary change.

21st CENTURY LESSON PLANNING ON COGNITIVE ASPECTS UNDER CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE)

21st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, h... more 21st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, higher-order skills like reasoning and analysis and teaching needs to serve discouragement for rote memorization. Education, as a planned endeavor, at a personal level on a small scale or institutional level on a large scale, aims at making children capable of becoming active, responsible, productive, and caring members of society. Hence for responsibility of the school and teachers became more important in formal form of education, with the changing needs of the time, we need to change the pattern of instructional strategies so that educational aim can be achieved. For this purpose revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy developed by Dr. Lorin Anderson, 1999, is a effective means for cognitive domain under scholastic aspect in formal education system can be used for the purpose of 21st century formal classroom for teaching-learning as they are from simplest to most complex objectives: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

CRISIS OF HUMAN SECURITY IN INDIA AND NORTHEAST

Human security is becoming an alarming issue at present time in India as well as North east. Rese... more Human security is becoming an alarming issue at present time in India as well as
North east. Resent years Indian Government came up with new Laws and Policies in respect
of human securities, still failed to provide security and safe guard human life to its fellow
citizens up to International level. Here in this paper problem related to Human security been
highlighted at National comparing to International level and that of Northeastern states, also
recommendation been forwarded to Government of India and states for consideration.

TEACHING-LEARNING STYLES AND STRATEGIES IN MOTIVATING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS

The purpose of this study is to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles ... more The purpose of this study is to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles and strategies of both private and government Secondary school students and to examine the prevailing problems that restrict them to motivate towards the subject mathematics. The study was intended to highlight a number of issues that need to be revealed and addressed in the teaching-learning of mathematics. This study is believed to contribute a lot in addressing the problems of Teaching-learning styles and strategies and provide feedback to the concerned government bodies to help them improve the teaching-learning processes in secondary schools. It is also to reduce the bias or prejudice on mathematics by assisting students to use their own preferred learning styles and strategies, and contribute to further investigations to make the learning of mathematics more enjoyable, participatory and lifelong career.

Role of Teachers in Promoting Students’ Motivation in Mathematics for Secondary Schools of KohimaTown

The purpose of this study was to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles... more The purpose of this study was to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles and strategies of secondary school students and to examine the prevailing problems that restrict them to motivate towards the subject mathematics. The study was intended to highlight a number of issues that need to be revealed and addressed in the learning of mathematics.
The types of preferred learning styles and strategies students need to employ in learning mathematics, the assistance students require from their teachers, the conduciveness of the design of mathematics curriculum and the challenges they might face to use their own preferred learning styles and strategies in the learning of mathematics were addressed as basic research questions. The study dealt with various elements that were related to environmental, emotional, sociological, physiological and psychological categories of learning in the identification of the types of learning styles and strategies.
This study is believed to contribute a lot in addressing the problems of learning styles and strategies, provide feedback to the concerned government bodies to help them improve the teaching learning processes in secondary schools. It is also to reduce the bias or prejudice on mathematics by assisting students to use their own preferred learning styles and strategies, and contribute to further investigations to make the learning of mathematics more enjoyable, participatory and lifelong career.
This study was conducted in nine secondary schools in Kohima town of Kohima District, Nagaland State of India. A qualitative method that was descriptive in nature was employed in the study while the instruments of the study were questionnaires and an interview. The sample comprised of 72(36 male and 36 female) secondary school students and 20 secondary school mathematics teachers selected randomly.

Style and Strategies Practiced in Mathematics Class of Secondary Schools of Nagaland

Identifying the role of teachers with respect to preferred learning styles and strategies of seco... more Identifying the role of teachers with respect to preferred learning styles and strategies of secondary school students and to examine the prevailing practices that restrict them to inspire towards the subject Mathematics are focused upon. This study contributes in identifying students learning styles and strategies, provide feedback to the concerned Government bodies in the teaching learning processes of Mathematics in secondary schools. This study is conducted taking into account of Private and Government Secondary Schools within the purview of Nagaland Board of Secondary Education-Kohima(NBSE). Normative survey method is employed in this study while the tools of the study are questionnaires and opinionnaire. Sample comprised of 120 Teachers (53 from Government and 67 from Private Secondary schools) and 560 students (208 from Government and 352 from Private Secondary schools) of class 9 and 10 from 70 secondary schools (26 Government and 44 Private) selected randomly. Study Reflects a significant difference between trained and untrained teachers on students' preferred learning style and strategies, method of teaching, topic taught in Mathematics. Teachers need to be encouraged, supported and empowered to conduct action research so as to improve their pedagogic practices and bringing in innovations in their teaching learning approaches. The student assessment needs to be participatory, comprehensive and continuous. Capacity building of teacher is essential to be conducted frequently for the teachers.

Comparative Study of H.S.L.C Examination Result Between.docx

This paper analyses students' High School Leaving Certificate result between the private and gove... more This paper analyses students' High School Leaving Certificate result between the private and government schools from the year 2005 till 2013 and investigate major factor(s) responsible for poor performance in the government school result. For collecting information on teaching-learning process a sample made up of 120 teachers and 70 administrators from 70 schools randomly selected from all the 11 districts of the state of Nagaland. Data were analyzed using simple percentages, mean percent, SD and variance and Z-test. Result analysis has been done on the basis of private and government schools; boys and girls; district wise and interview has been conducted among teachers and administrators. Results showed that pupils in the private schools performed better than the government schools. Private schools' management system, teaching-learning process, evaluation procedures are found to be better than government schools. Therefore, it is necessary to bring improvement in government schools through constant automated monitoring system for which a Continuous and Comprehensive Management System (CCMS) model is forwarded. The CCMS will efface human manipulation and enhance efficiency in the administrative system through modern technology catering students, parents, schools, VEC, DEO/SDEO, School Directorate; a consistent automated monitoring system is urgent to restore better educational environment in government schools

A Study on Behavioural Factors of Juvenile delinquency of between children of age 10-14 years in Kiphire District Sandip Ratna #1 and Rita Das #2

This study is conducted at Kiphire district of Nagaland State Under Department of Social and welf... more This study is conducted at Kiphire district of Nagaland State Under Department of Social and welfare, Nagaland. The sample involves 10 to 14 years of school going and school dropouts, with a sample size of N = 472 in total. This study examines factors responsible for delinquent behaviour of school going and school dropouts of two age categories 10 to 14 years based on parental position and economical conditions. The data was collected by using the structured questionnaire. The results indicated that, peers and siblings bullying, witnessing of assault and theft are most common victimization items reported by school dropout children. Children from deprived families reported a higher incident of witnessing assault with or without weapon. Children from lower socioeconomic status have lesser parental supervision and increased the risk of parental neglect. Children from low socioeconomic large families whose parents does not have sufficient or no formal education have a higher propensity to be bullied and assaulted by their peers and siblings. Therefore, a child from low socioeconomic family is a common component of social exclusion risks. The study revealed that domestic violence is pervasive among low income large families. Though children from all demographic categories witnessed domestic violence, children from economically distressed household and illiterate parents are more likely to experience domestic violence. Parents neglect due to alcohol abuse was reported more frequently by the children from low income families living in larger household.

Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy on 21st Century Lesson Planning

21 st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, ... more 21 st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, higher-order skills like reasoning and analysis and teaching needs to serve discouragement for rote memorization. Education, as a planned endeavor, at a personal level on a small scale or institutional level on a large scale, aims at making children capable of becoming active, responsible, productive, and caring members of society. Hence, we need to change the pattern of instructional strategies so that educational aim can be achieved. The updated version of Bloom's Taxonomy with respect to cognitive domain under scholastic aspect in formal education system with implication of continuous and comprehensive evaluation can be used for the purpose of 21 st century formal classroom.

Learning Theories: Implications in Teacher Education

With the development of different theories of learning, i.e. behaviourism, cognitivism, construct... more With the development of different theories of learning, i.e. behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism and neuro-education, teaching-learning strategies has changed drastically to a higher degree. Even though the constructivist approach of teaching-learning has been considered as the best form of approach for 21 st century classrooms, yet we totally cannot overlook behavioristic and cognitive approaches. If we look into the different developmental stages of the theories, we find that, in order to overcome the drawbacks of one approach, a new approach of learning has been developed with its own drawback. In this paper, similarities of the three learning theories on knowledge evolution have been focused with highlighting upon importance of incorporating all the approaches of learning in teacher education vis-a -vis school education. Human Learning strategies cannot be confine into a particular approach of learning theory, rather need to accumulate strengths of every learning approach as it demands.

A CASE STUDY ON EMOTIONAL MATURITY LEVEL OF BEd. STUDENT TEACHER OF KOHIMA DISTRICT

The objective of the present study is to examine the level of emotional maturity level amongst st... more The objective of the present study is to examine the level of emotional maturity level amongst student teacher admitted for B.Ed course. Emotional development is one of the major aspects of human growth and development. Emotion like anger, fear, love, etc plays a great role in the development of a child's personality. This single sided development leads to formation of negative traits like anxiety, stress, tension, hatred and jealousy. These negative traits are the main reasons for the imbalances and mal-adjustment of the emotions of a person. Hence being a teacher it is most important to maintain emotional balance to deal with the children at school. For the purpose of studying emotional maturity level of student teacher, two Institute offering BEd course from Kohima district of Nagaland have been taken under consideration. Necessary measures need to be taken for enhancing level of emotional maturity being suggested.

SEMESTER SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN ASSAM

With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, Universit... more With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, University Grant Commission also suggested implementing semester system to different universities throughout the country. In Assam undergraduate level under Gauhati University also introduced semester system from the academic session 2011-12. So far many studies been conducted in respect of its implementation and approaches to overcome the differences and come under common platform. In this paper all important discussion and studies made on semester system by other universities and in Assam been pondered upon and recommendation been forwarded to authorities for urgent and necessary change.

CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHING-LEARNING MATERIAL ACCORDING TO 21ST CENTURY NEEDS

Major classification of Teaching-learning aids available to us is based on the characteristic of ... more Major classification of Teaching-learning aids available to us is based on the characteristic of the Material been used for the Aid; whether aid is an audio, visual or audio-visual or whether the Aid is projectable or non-projectable. In this paper the classification is made on the basis of style of interaction with the particular Aid by the learner. When we are analyzing the content, teaching instruction from the point of brain and psychological based under neuroeducation, it is also necessary that Teaching-Learning Aids that teacher uses in the classroom need to classify according to learners’ participation in the process of teaching-learning.

SEMESTER SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN BEd. STREAM UNDER NAGALAND UNIVERSITY

With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, Universit... more With the changes in Teaching-learning approaches and evaluation procedure in education, University Grant Commission also suggested implementing semester system to different universities throughout the country. Nagaland University also introduced semester system from the academic session 2012-13. So far many studies been conducted in respect of its implementation and approaches to overcome the differences and come under common platform. In this paper all important discussion and studies made on semester system by other universities and in Nagaland been pondered upon and recommendation been forwarded to authorities for urgent and necessary change.

21st CENTURY LESSON PLANNING ON COGNITIVE ASPECTS UNDER CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE)

21st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, h... more 21st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, higher-order skills like reasoning and analysis and teaching needs to serve discouragement for rote memorization. Education, as a planned endeavor, at a personal level on a small scale or institutional level on a large scale, aims at making children capable of becoming active, responsible, productive, and caring members of society. Hence for responsibility of the school and teachers became more important in formal form of education, with the changing needs of the time, we need to change the pattern of instructional strategies so that educational aim can be achieved. For this purpose revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy developed by Dr. Lorin Anderson, 1999, is a effective means for cognitive domain under scholastic aspect in formal education system can be used for the purpose of 21st century formal classroom for teaching-learning as they are from simplest to most complex objectives: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

CRISIS OF HUMAN SECURITY IN INDIA AND NORTHEAST

Human security is becoming an alarming issue at present time in India as well as North east. Rese... more Human security is becoming an alarming issue at present time in India as well as
North east. Resent years Indian Government came up with new Laws and Policies in respect
of human securities, still failed to provide security and safe guard human life to its fellow
citizens up to International level. Here in this paper problem related to Human security been
highlighted at National comparing to International level and that of Northeastern states, also
recommendation been forwarded to Government of India and states for consideration.

TEACHING-LEARNING STYLES AND STRATEGIES IN MOTIVATING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS

The purpose of this study is to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles ... more The purpose of this study is to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles and strategies of both private and government Secondary school students and to examine the prevailing problems that restrict them to motivate towards the subject mathematics. The study was intended to highlight a number of issues that need to be revealed and addressed in the teaching-learning of mathematics. This study is believed to contribute a lot in addressing the problems of Teaching-learning styles and strategies and provide feedback to the concerned government bodies to help them improve the teaching-learning processes in secondary schools. It is also to reduce the bias or prejudice on mathematics by assisting students to use their own preferred learning styles and strategies, and contribute to further investigations to make the learning of mathematics more enjoyable, participatory and lifelong career.

Role of Teachers in Promoting Students’ Motivation in Mathematics for Secondary Schools of KohimaTown

The purpose of this study was to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles... more The purpose of this study was to identify role of teachers to imparting preferred learning styles and strategies of secondary school students and to examine the prevailing problems that restrict them to motivate towards the subject mathematics. The study was intended to highlight a number of issues that need to be revealed and addressed in the learning of mathematics.
The types of preferred learning styles and strategies students need to employ in learning mathematics, the assistance students require from their teachers, the conduciveness of the design of mathematics curriculum and the challenges they might face to use their own preferred learning styles and strategies in the learning of mathematics were addressed as basic research questions. The study dealt with various elements that were related to environmental, emotional, sociological, physiological and psychological categories of learning in the identification of the types of learning styles and strategies.
This study is believed to contribute a lot in addressing the problems of learning styles and strategies, provide feedback to the concerned government bodies to help them improve the teaching learning processes in secondary schools. It is also to reduce the bias or prejudice on mathematics by assisting students to use their own preferred learning styles and strategies, and contribute to further investigations to make the learning of mathematics more enjoyable, participatory and lifelong career.
This study was conducted in nine secondary schools in Kohima town of Kohima District, Nagaland State of India. A qualitative method that was descriptive in nature was employed in the study while the instruments of the study were questionnaires and an interview. The sample comprised of 72(36 male and 36 female) secondary school students and 20 secondary school mathematics teachers selected randomly.