Papers by Ricardo Sampaio
Ecology
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate... more Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
Ecology
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become in... more Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a non-native habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in southeast USA) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g. Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly due to uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species C. aurita, C. flaviceps, C. geoffroyi, C. jacchus, C. kuhlii, C. penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when use the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.
Royal Society Open Science
The persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threa... more The persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threats to their biodiversity. To anticipate and mitigate these threats, it is important to understand and predict how species respond to the rapidly changing landscape. The short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis is the only Amazon-endemic canid and one of the most understudied wild dogs worldwide. We investigated short-eared dog habitat associations on two spatial scales. First, we used the largest record database ever compiled for short-eared dogs in combination with species distribution models to map species habitat suitability, estimate its distribution range and predict shifts in species distribution in response to predicted deforestation across the entire Amazon (regional scale). Second, we used systematic camera trap surveys and occupancy models to investigate how forest cover and forest fragmentation affect the space use of this species in the Southern Brazilian Amazon (local scale). Spe...
Mammalia
Information on the wildlife of the middle and upper reaches of the Purus in Brazil is scarce, and... more Information on the wildlife of the middle and upper reaches of the Purus in Brazil is scarce, and this region is one of the major remaining gaps in our understanding of the distributions and population status of mammals in the Brazilian Amazon. In this paper, we present information on the diversity of mammals of the middle Purus, in the south of Amazonas State, Brazil. Based on rapid inventories in four protected areas, and line-transect censuses in one of them, we provide locality records that indicate expansions of the known range of six primate species and a squirrel. Species more frequently seen during censuses were small and mid-sized primates and rodents, while records of larger mammals, which are more sensitive to subsistence hunting, were infrequent or lacking. Deforestation in the area is relatively low, but the area is close to the so-called “arc of deforestation” that is moving north and west from the north of the state of Mato Grosso into the states of Acre and Amazonas....
Primates; journal of primatology, Jan 4, 2018
Among the 13 Mico species recognized by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, six are listed a... more Among the 13 Mico species recognized by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, six are listed as "Data Deficient". The geographic range of most of the Mico species has been estimated from only a few records. We report new localities and the geographic extension of Mico chrysoleucos. In addition, we confirmed the presence of the species in two distinct protected areas. We modeled the habitat suitability of M. chrysoleucos using the maximum entropy method and including new records obtained by the authors in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. From the total area of occurrence calculated for the species, 22.8% is covered by protected areas and indigenous lands. The annual mean deforestation rate estimated between 2000 and 2015 was 2.95%, and the total area deforested by 2015 was 3354 km or 8.6% of the total distribution limits of the species. The habitat lost between 2000 and 2015 was 3.2% (1131 km) of the total potential distribution, while the habitat loss area legally protect...
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016
Twelve generic names have been ascribed to the New World tamarins but all are currently placed in... more Twelve generic names have been ascribed to the New World tamarins but all are currently placed in just one: Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807. Based on geographical distributions, morphology, and pelage patterns and coloration, they have been divided into six species groups: (1) nigricollis, (2) mystax, (3) midas, (4) inustus, (5) bicolor and (6) oedipus. Molecular phylogenetic studies have validated five of these groups; each are distinct clades. Saguinus inustus is embedded in the mystax group. Genetic studies show that tamarins are sister to all other callitrichids, diverging 15−13 Ma. The small-bodied nigricollis group diverged from the remaining, larger tamarins 11−8 Ma, and the mystax group diverged 7−6 Ma; these radiations are older than those of the marmosets (Callithrix, Cebuella, Mico), which began to diversify 6−5 Ma. The oedipus group diverged from the midas and bicolor groups 5−4 Ma. We review recent taxonomic changes and summarize the history of the generic names. Taking into account the Late Miocene divergence time (11−8 Ma) between the large- and small-bodied tamarin lineages, the small size of the nigricollis group species when compared with other tamarins, and the sympatry of the nigricollis group species with the larger mystax group species, we argue that the nigricollis group be recognized as a distinct genus: Leontocebus Wagner, 1839.
This is the illustrated identification guide for mammal and bird species of region 3 targeted in ... more This is the illustrated identification guide for mammal and bird species of region 3 targeted in the Program for Biodiversity Monitoring of the Brazilian Ministry of Environment and Instituto Chico Mendes da Biodiversidade (ICMBio).
Embora novos registros indiquem que sua distribuição geográfica seja mais ampla do que se acredit... more Embora novos registros indiquem que sua distribuição geográfica seja mais ampla do que se acreditava anteriormente, Bassaricyon alleni é restrita à Amazônia. Parte de sua distribuição se sobrepõe ao sudoeste com o arco do desmatamento, o que indica uma ameaça, por ser esta uma espécie estritamente arborícola. Entretanto, por ser uma espécie extremamente difícil de ser capturada e registrada, ocorrendo em uma área pobremente amostrada e com uma extensão de ocorrência ampla, a espécie é provavelmente mais abundante do que se supõe no momento. Tendo em vista sua distribuição geográfica relativamente ampla e a ausência de indícios claros de ameaças, B. alleni foi categorizada como Menos Preocupante (LC). Entretanto, ressalta-se a importância de se obterem dados populacionais e de distribuição geográfica que corroborem esta classificação em avaliações futuras.
Potus flavus ocorre nas Américas do Norte e Central, em todas as áreas de florestas tropicais ent... more Potus flavus ocorre nas Américas do Norte e Central, em todas as áreas de florestas tropicais entre o México e Panamá, e na América do Sul tem distribuição pan-Amazônica, ocorrendo também na Mata Atlântica brasileira. Não existem dados precisos de densidade populacional para Potos flavus, mas a espécie parece abundante e tem registros em ambientes antropizados na Amazônia. Desta forma, a espécie é considerada Menos Preocupante (LC), com a ressalva de que, por ser uma espécie de dossel, pode ser extremamente afetada pelas altas taxas de desmatamento da Amazônia, além da degradação dos habitats florestais nos biomas onde a espécie ocorre. Não obstante, existem relatos no sul do Amazonas e norte de Rondônia, em áreas de desmatamento, de alta mortalidade destes animais, aparentemente devido a doenças contraídas de animais domésticos. Há conectividade com as populações dos países vizinhos, porém não existem informações sobre a dinâmica fonte-sumidouro. Assim, a categoria indicada na avaliação regional não foi alterada. Uma vez que as populações de P. flavus têm diferentes abundâncias e estão sujeitas a diferentes graus de ameaça nos biomas em que ocorrem, seu estado de conservação foi avaliado em cada bioma. Estas avaliações forneceram subsídios para a avaliação nacional.
Primates, 2015
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Japan Monkey Centre... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Japan Monkey Centre and Springer Japan. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Neotropical Primates, 2012
Neotropical Primates, 2013
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
RESUMO: O zogue-zogue cinza escuro (Callicebus cinerascens; Primates; Pitheciidae) é uma das espé... more RESUMO: O zogue-zogue cinza escuro (Callicebus cinerascens; Primates; Pitheciidae) é uma das espécies menos estudadas entre os primatas neotropicais, ocorrendo nos interflúvios Aripuanã-Roosevelt e Tapajós-Juruena, na Amazônia Brasileira. Os limites de sua distribuição, especialmente os limites leste e sul, ainda são desconhecidos. Baseado em quatro inventários de primatas distintos, nós mostramos várias novos registros de ocorrência desta espécie ao sul de sua distribuição geográfica. O conhecimento sobre primatas silvestres nesta região é completamente ausente. Estas populações recentemente descobertas estão sobre severa ameaça, uma vez que os remanescentes de florestas nativas encontram-se altamente fragmentados devido ao grave histórico de desmatamento da região. Os resultados deste estudo significativamente aumentam o número de registros conhecidos de C. cinerascens, indicando uma considerável extensão da distribuição geográfica deste táxon ABSTRACT: New records of Callicebus cinerascens (Spix, 1823) with an extension of its geographical distribution. The ashy black titi monkey (Callicebus cinerascens; Primates; Pitheciidae) is one of the least known Neotropical primate species occurring in the Aripuanã-Roosevelt and Tapajós-Juruena interfluves in Brazilian Amazonia. Its distribution limits, especially those to the east and south, remain imprecise. In this paper, based on four independent primate field sampling, we present several new occurrences in the south of the C. cinerascens' geographic distribution. The knowledge of existing primates in this area is entirely absent and these recently discovered populations are under severe threat, since the remaining habitats are highly fragmented due to the historical deforestation rates of this area. The results of this study significantly increased the number of records known to C. cinerascens, indicating a considerable extension of the geographical distribution of this taxon. Palavras-chave. Amazônia. Inventário. Novos registros. Primates. Pitheciidae.
Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 2011
Brazil's only records of Pocock's olingo (Bassaricyon beddardi) are based on sightings from the n... more Brazil's only records of Pocock's olingo (Bassaricyon beddardi) are based on sightings from the northernmost state of Roraima, where the similar kinkajou (Potos flavus) was reported as absent. Our recent field work in the region led to the collection of two specimens and several more observations of kinkajous and a complete lack of evidence of the presence of olingos. Furthermore, the name used locally to describe the nocturnal procyonids previously treated as olingos, gogó de sola, refers to the leathery bare throat patch that we believe to be a characteristic unique to kinkajous. Thus, we conclude that previous records of olingos in Roraima represent misidentifications of kinkajous and recommend that, until supported by a specimen, B. beddardi be treated as absent from Brazil.
International Journal of Primatology, 2009
Saddleback tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis, S. melanoleucus, and S. tripartitus) occur in the uppe... more Saddleback tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis, S. melanoleucus, and S. tripartitus) occur in the upper Amazon, west of the rios Madeira and Mamoré-Guaporé to the Andes. They currently comprise 13 species and subspecies in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Here we report on a previously undescribed subspecies of Saguinus fuscicollis from the interfluvium of the lower rios Madeira and Purus in the central Amazon of Brazil. It is a distinct form with a very pronounced mottling on the back giving the appearance of a saddle, a characteristic shared by the 3 species, and the reason for their collective common name. The lack of a white superciliary chevron and its highly mottled ochraceousdark brown to black saddle that extends from the scapular region to the base of the tail distinguish the new taxon from Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli. The latter characteristic also distinguishes it from another saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis ssp.) that has been reported immediately to the south of its range in the
Both forest fragmentation and overhunting have profound effects on the structure of large-vertebr... more Both forest fragmentation and overhunting have profound effects on the structure of large-vertebrate assemblages in neotropical forests. However, the long-term value of habitat fragments for forest mammals remains poorly understood and few regional scale studies have replicated sampling across spatially independent landscapes. Here, we assess the species occupancy and abundance of midsized to large-bodied mammals within three neighbouring Amazonian forest landscapes varying widely in extent of forest cover. One of these consisted of forest fragments surrounded by semi-natural scrub savannahs that had been occupied by paleoindian populations for at least 7,000 years, whereas forest cover in the other two landscapes was either variegated or continuous. Data on species occurrence and abundance from diurnal and nocturnal line-transect surveys and local interviews in each landscape were used to examine the effects of forest cover and hunting pressure on mammal persistence within forest patches. The extent of forest cover was a key determinant of species persistence across the three landscapes, but populations of largebodied species were either reduced or driven to local extinction by hunting even in the most forested and least fragmented landscape. Many game and non-game species persisted in forest isolates, even though, individually, these were likely too small to support viable populations. This study indicates that even small, long-term forest fragments may retain significant conservation value if they can be managed within the context of enhanced connectivity across wider fragmented landscapes.
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Papers by Ricardo Sampaio