A decade ago, the standard opening paragraph of a review chapter such as this would deplore the p... more A decade ago, the standard opening paragraph of a review chapter such as this would deplore the paucity of criminologica l research on females and the sexism inherent in theoretical accounts of female crime (and conformity). Owing primarily to the work of feminist criminologists, the field has happily moved beyond such obvious deficiencies. In this chapter, we review the criminological and criminal justice literature that examines the gendered organization of crime and social control. To do so, we briefly discuss the origins of the feminist critique in criminology and review patterns of criminal offending and justice interventions by gender. Specific issues that have arisen within feminist crimi nology (e.g., the implications of equal treatment for male and female offenders) are used to highlight more recent theoretical and empirical developments in the field. Relative to other social science disciplines, criminology was a latecomer to feminist concerns. Second wave feminism was well-established when select criminologists noted the absence of females from major theories of criminal offending and/or the sexist treat ment of females within theories in which they were not ignored (Harris, 1977; Heidensohn, 1968; Klein, 1973; Leonard, 1982; Rasche, 1974). The work of two female criminolo gists—Rita Simon (1975) and Freda Adler (1975)—sparked mainstream criminology's
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2022
Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate ... more Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate the proximal effects of strain on violence and serious drug use along with the distal “carryover” effects of childhood abuse among women. Methods: Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from 778 incarcerated women, we estimate monthly within-person effects of four types of strain experienced in adulthood (i.e., negative life events and three forms of victimization) on respondent-initiated violence and serious drug use. Cross-level interactions assess the moderating “carryover” effects of childhood abuse and cumulative adversity. Results: Negative life events increased women's initiation of violence and serious drug use. Having a near violent experience was positively associated with violence, while violent conflict increased drug use. Experiencing both childhood physical and sexual abuse accentuated the effect of predatory victimization on violence, and physical victimizatio...
We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theo... more We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theory of corporate crime from criminology to develop a model of corporate offending that is tested with a sample of U.S. managers. Despite demands for increased sentencing of corporate offenders, we find that the threat of formal sanctions does not directly affect the likelihood of misconduct. Managers’ evaluations of the ethics of the act have a significant effect, as do outcome expectancies that result from being associated with the misconduct but not facing formal sanctions. The threat of formal sanctions appears to operate indirectly, influencing ethical evaluations and outcome expectancies. There is also support for the influence of obedience to authority, with managers more likely to engage in misconduct if ordered to do so by a supervisor.
ComplianceNet is an international network of scholars from across the social and behavioral scien... more ComplianceNet is an international network of scholars from across the social and behavioral sciences who study compliance, broadly defined as the interaction between rules and individual and organizational behavior. The network publishes a working paper series that offers the latest work in this field. The papers are unpublished drafts or pre-published versions of publications. Submissions can be sent to the editors, Benjamin van Rooij, [email protected] and Yuval Feldman, [email protected]
Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 2020
The role of marriage has been extensively studied for its positive impacts on male desistance. Ho... more The role of marriage has been extensively studied for its positive impacts on male desistance. However, the role of romantic partners for women is less understood. Do partners exert a prosocial "protective" effect or are they criminogenic? The present study empirically drills down on this question. Specifically, we assess the character and quality of romantic relationships on substance use and illegitimate income using a sample of incarcerated women. Drawing from social control, social learning, and strain theory, we hypothesize that the effects of both being in and breaking up from a relationship on illicit behavior are conditional on the quality of the relationship and behavior/characteristics of the partner. Using data from the Women's Experience of Violence (WEV) project, consisting of a custodial sample of criminal justice-involved women (N = 770), we examine how relationship status and quality, as well as partner offending, influence drug use and illicit earnings. A series of multi-level random effects models are estimated to explore how within-person changes in relationship/breakup status are related to changes in the two dependent variables. Contrary to expectations, we find that romantic dissolution (of either a high-or low-quality relationship) does not negatively impact this sample of women and that being in a high-quality relationship is not a protective factor, as has been found often in male samples. Findings suggest partner behavior may be more important than the quality of the relationship with the partner. Our results link drug use and participation in the illicit economy to factors mostly outside of a woman's relationship status and quality, thereby challenging some commonly understood mechanisms of desistance.
Abstract Given the reliance on meta-analyses to produce criminal justice policy recommendations, ... more Abstract Given the reliance on meta-analyses to produce criminal justice policy recommendations, it is important to think critically about how this method is being applied in practice. In this study, we use data from a meta-analysis of corporate crime deterrence to demonstrate that applying meta-analytic methods to conceptually ambiguous research domains is problematic. Although meta-analysis is capable of modeling methodological variations in different research projects examining the same construct, analysts should not assume that meta-analytic methods are always appropriate; methodological differences may reflect underlying conceptual dissimilarities – this violates an assumption of meta-analysis. We also offer a critique of the corporate crime field for failing to clearly define its outcome, a critique that can be extended to other areas of criminological study.
These categories of offenses are particular to the United States. Other countries, especially in ... more These categories of offenses are particular to the United States. Other countries, especially in the west, may have similar classifications, but the laws and punishments are not necessarily comparable.
for their insightful comments on an earlier draft. Thanks also to Cristina Layana and Miranda Gal... more for their insightful comments on an earlier draft. Thanks also to Cristina Layana and Miranda Galvin for their assistance locating information and analyzing data for this work.
Tyler's (2006) Procedural Justice Theory has received support in a variety of studies using crimi... more Tyler's (2006) Procedural Justice Theory has received support in a variety of studies using criminal justice authorities as the research focus. To date, the theory has not been empirically tested using corporate malfeasance as an outcome, despite evidence that procedural justice is important in achieving regulatory compliance. This study uses factorial survey methods to examine whether corporate behavior is predicted by professionals' perceptions of procedural justice and legal legitimacy. We find that procedural justice and legitimacy considerations are salient only when managers have direct contact with regulatory authorities. This supports Braithwaite's (2013) argument that effective regulation is enhanced by microlevel interactions in which procedural justice can be effectively leveraged to promote compliance.
The Campbell Collaboration (C2) was founded on the principle that systematic reviews on the effec... more The Campbell Collaboration (C2) was founded on the principle that systematic reviews on the effects of interventions will inform and help improve policy and services. C2 offers editorial and methodological support to review authors throughout the process of producing a systematic review. A number of C2's editors, librarians, methodologists and external peerreviewers contribute.
We use survey data from a nationally representative sample to explore public support for taxpayer... more We use survey data from a nationally representative sample to explore public support for taxpayer-funded victim compensation programs for financial fraud, consumer fraud, identity theft, and burglary. We use contingent valuation (willingness-to-pay) methodology to infer preferences for compensation programs and explore predictors of those preferences. Overall, our findings reveal that the public strongly supports the implementation of victim compensation programs. Our results also indicate, however, that this support may be driven in part by perceptions of benefiting from this program directly in the future. Additionally, a small but notable minority of respondents exhibit preferences for programs without compensation.
A decade ago, the standard opening paragraph of a review chapter such as this would deplore the p... more A decade ago, the standard opening paragraph of a review chapter such as this would deplore the paucity of criminologica l research on females and the sexism inherent in theoretical accounts of female crime (and conformity). Owing primarily to the work of feminist criminologists, the field has happily moved beyond such obvious deficiencies. In this chapter, we review the criminological and criminal justice literature that examines the gendered organization of crime and social control. To do so, we briefly discuss the origins of the feminist critique in criminology and review patterns of criminal offending and justice interventions by gender. Specific issues that have arisen within feminist crimi nology (e.g., the implications of equal treatment for male and female offenders) are used to highlight more recent theoretical and empirical developments in the field. Relative to other social science disciplines, criminology was a latecomer to feminist concerns. Second wave feminism was well-established when select criminologists noted the absence of females from major theories of criminal offending and/or the sexist treat ment of females within theories in which they were not ignored (Harris, 1977; Heidensohn, 1968; Klein, 1973; Leonard, 1982; Rasche, 1974). The work of two female criminolo gists—Rita Simon (1975) and Freda Adler (1975)—sparked mainstream criminology's
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2022
Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate ... more Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate the proximal effects of strain on violence and serious drug use along with the distal “carryover” effects of childhood abuse among women. Methods: Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from 778 incarcerated women, we estimate monthly within-person effects of four types of strain experienced in adulthood (i.e., negative life events and three forms of victimization) on respondent-initiated violence and serious drug use. Cross-level interactions assess the moderating “carryover” effects of childhood abuse and cumulative adversity. Results: Negative life events increased women's initiation of violence and serious drug use. Having a near violent experience was positively associated with violence, while violent conflict increased drug use. Experiencing both childhood physical and sexual abuse accentuated the effect of predatory victimization on violence, and physical victimizatio...
We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theo... more We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theory of corporate crime from criminology to develop a model of corporate offending that is tested with a sample of U.S. managers. Despite demands for increased sentencing of corporate offenders, we find that the threat of formal sanctions does not directly affect the likelihood of misconduct. Managers’ evaluations of the ethics of the act have a significant effect, as do outcome expectancies that result from being associated with the misconduct but not facing formal sanctions. The threat of formal sanctions appears to operate indirectly, influencing ethical evaluations and outcome expectancies. There is also support for the influence of obedience to authority, with managers more likely to engage in misconduct if ordered to do so by a supervisor.
ComplianceNet is an international network of scholars from across the social and behavioral scien... more ComplianceNet is an international network of scholars from across the social and behavioral sciences who study compliance, broadly defined as the interaction between rules and individual and organizational behavior. The network publishes a working paper series that offers the latest work in this field. The papers are unpublished drafts or pre-published versions of publications. Submissions can be sent to the editors, Benjamin van Rooij, [email protected] and Yuval Feldman, [email protected]
Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 2020
The role of marriage has been extensively studied for its positive impacts on male desistance. Ho... more The role of marriage has been extensively studied for its positive impacts on male desistance. However, the role of romantic partners for women is less understood. Do partners exert a prosocial "protective" effect or are they criminogenic? The present study empirically drills down on this question. Specifically, we assess the character and quality of romantic relationships on substance use and illegitimate income using a sample of incarcerated women. Drawing from social control, social learning, and strain theory, we hypothesize that the effects of both being in and breaking up from a relationship on illicit behavior are conditional on the quality of the relationship and behavior/characteristics of the partner. Using data from the Women's Experience of Violence (WEV) project, consisting of a custodial sample of criminal justice-involved women (N = 770), we examine how relationship status and quality, as well as partner offending, influence drug use and illicit earnings. A series of multi-level random effects models are estimated to explore how within-person changes in relationship/breakup status are related to changes in the two dependent variables. Contrary to expectations, we find that romantic dissolution (of either a high-or low-quality relationship) does not negatively impact this sample of women and that being in a high-quality relationship is not a protective factor, as has been found often in male samples. Findings suggest partner behavior may be more important than the quality of the relationship with the partner. Our results link drug use and participation in the illicit economy to factors mostly outside of a woman's relationship status and quality, thereby challenging some commonly understood mechanisms of desistance.
Abstract Given the reliance on meta-analyses to produce criminal justice policy recommendations, ... more Abstract Given the reliance on meta-analyses to produce criminal justice policy recommendations, it is important to think critically about how this method is being applied in practice. In this study, we use data from a meta-analysis of corporate crime deterrence to demonstrate that applying meta-analytic methods to conceptually ambiguous research domains is problematic. Although meta-analysis is capable of modeling methodological variations in different research projects examining the same construct, analysts should not assume that meta-analytic methods are always appropriate; methodological differences may reflect underlying conceptual dissimilarities – this violates an assumption of meta-analysis. We also offer a critique of the corporate crime field for failing to clearly define its outcome, a critique that can be extended to other areas of criminological study.
These categories of offenses are particular to the United States. Other countries, especially in ... more These categories of offenses are particular to the United States. Other countries, especially in the west, may have similar classifications, but the laws and punishments are not necessarily comparable.
for their insightful comments on an earlier draft. Thanks also to Cristina Layana and Miranda Gal... more for their insightful comments on an earlier draft. Thanks also to Cristina Layana and Miranda Galvin for their assistance locating information and analyzing data for this work.
Tyler's (2006) Procedural Justice Theory has received support in a variety of studies using crimi... more Tyler's (2006) Procedural Justice Theory has received support in a variety of studies using criminal justice authorities as the research focus. To date, the theory has not been empirically tested using corporate malfeasance as an outcome, despite evidence that procedural justice is important in achieving regulatory compliance. This study uses factorial survey methods to examine whether corporate behavior is predicted by professionals' perceptions of procedural justice and legal legitimacy. We find that procedural justice and legitimacy considerations are salient only when managers have direct contact with regulatory authorities. This supports Braithwaite's (2013) argument that effective regulation is enhanced by microlevel interactions in which procedural justice can be effectively leveraged to promote compliance.
The Campbell Collaboration (C2) was founded on the principle that systematic reviews on the effec... more The Campbell Collaboration (C2) was founded on the principle that systematic reviews on the effects of interventions will inform and help improve policy and services. C2 offers editorial and methodological support to review authors throughout the process of producing a systematic review. A number of C2's editors, librarians, methodologists and external peerreviewers contribute.
We use survey data from a nationally representative sample to explore public support for taxpayer... more We use survey data from a nationally representative sample to explore public support for taxpayer-funded victim compensation programs for financial fraud, consumer fraud, identity theft, and burglary. We use contingent valuation (willingness-to-pay) methodology to infer preferences for compensation programs and explore predictors of those preferences. Overall, our findings reveal that the public strongly supports the implementation of victim compensation programs. Our results also indicate, however, that this support may be driven in part by perceptions of benefiting from this program directly in the future. Additionally, a small but notable minority of respondents exhibit preferences for programs without compensation.
Uploads
Papers by Sally Simpson